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Bao T, Kimani S, Li Y, Li H, Yang S, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Z, Ning G, Wang L, Gao X. Allelic variation of terpene synthases drives terpene diversity in the wild species of the Freesia genus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2419-2435. [PMID: 36932696 PMCID: PMC10315281 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) play pivotal roles in conferring the structural diversity of terpenoids, which are mainly emitted from flowers, whereas the genetic basis of the release of floral volatile terpenes remains largely elusive. Though quite similar in sequence, TPS allelic variants still function divergently, and how they drive floral terpene diversity in closely related species remains unknown. Here, TPSs responsible for the floral scent of wild Freesia species were characterized, and the functions of their natural allelic variants, as well as the causal amino acid residues, were investigated in depth. Besides the 8 TPSs previously reported in modern cultivars, 7 additional TPSs were functionally evaluated to contribute to the major volatiles emitted from wild Freesia species. Functional characterization of allelic natural variants demonstrated that allelic TPS2 and TPS10 variants changed the enzymatic capacity while allelic TPS6 variants drove the diversity of floral terpene products. Further residue substitution analysis revealed the minor residues determining the enzyme catalytic activity and product specificity. The clarification of TPSs in wild Freesia species reveals that allelic TPS variants evolved differently to determine the interspecific floral volatile terpenes in the genus and might be used for modern cultivar improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shadrack Kimani
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Karatina University, Karatina 10101, Kenya
| | - Yueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Mehari TG, Fang H, Feng W, Zhang Y, Umer MJ, Han J, Ditta A, Khan MKR, Liu F, Wang K, Wang B. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of terpene synthases in Gossypium species in response to gossypol biosynthesis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37270747 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed is an invaluable resource, providing protein, oil, and abundant minerals that significantly contribute to the well-being and nutritional needs of both humans and livestock. However, cottonseed also contains a toxic substance called gossypol, a secondary metabolite in Gossypium species that plays an important role in cotton plant development and self-protection. Herein, genome-wide analysis and characterization of the terpene synthase (TPS) gene family identified 304 TPS genes in Gossypium. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the gene family was grouped into six subgroups TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g. Whole-genome, segmental, and tandem duplication contributed to the evolution of TPS genes. According to the analysis of selection pressure, it was predicted that TPS genes experience predominantly negative selection, with positive selection occurring subsequently. RT-qPCR analysis in TM-1 and CRI-12 lines revealed GhTPS48 gene as the candidate gene for silencing experiments. To summarize, comprehensive genome-wide studies, RT-qPCR, and gene silencing experiments have collectively demonstrated the involvement of the TPS gene family in the biosynthesis of gossypol in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Wenxiang Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jinlei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K R Khan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Baohua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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Li X, Hu Y, Su M, Zhang M, Du J, Zhou H, Zhang X, Ye Z. Genome-wide analysis of terpene synthase gene family to explore candidate genes related to disease resistance in Prunus persica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032838. [PMID: 36388503 PMCID: PMC9660250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, a family of terpene synthases (TPSs) is responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenes and contributes to species-specific diversity of volatile organic compounds, which play essential roles in fitness of plants. However, little is known about the TPS gene family in peach and/or nectarine (Prunus persica L.). In this study, we identified 40 PpTPS genes in peach genome v2.0. Although these PpTPSs could be clustered into five classes, they distribute in several gene clusters of three chromosomes, share conserved exon-intron organizations, and code similar protein motifs. Thirty-five PpTPSs, especially PpTPS2, PpTPS23, PpTPS17, PpTPS18, and PpTPS19, altered their transcript levels after inoculation with Botryosphaeria dothidea, a cause of peach gummosis, compared to the mock treatments, which might further affect the contents of 133 terpenoids at 48 hours and/or 84 hours post inoculations in the current-year shoots of 'Huyou018', a highly susceptible nectarine cultivar. Moreover, about fifteen PpTPSs, such as PpTPS1, PpTPS2, PpTPS3, and PpTPS5, showed distinct expression patterns during fruit development and ripening in two peach cultivars, yellow-fleshed 'Jinchun' and white-fleshed 'Hikawa Hakuho'. Among them, the transcription level of chloroplast-localized PpTPS3 was obviously related to the content of linalool in fruit pulps. In addition, elevated concentrations (0.1 g/L to 1.0 g/L) of linalool showed antifungal activities in PDA medium. These results improve our understanding of peach PpTPS genes and their potential roles in defense responses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Li
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshen Su
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Du
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Feng K, Kan XY, Li R, Yan YJ, Zhao SP, Wu P, Li LJ. Integrative Analysis of Long- and Short-Read Transcriptomes Identify the Regulation of Terpenoids Biosynthesis Under Shading Cultivation in Oenanthe javanica. Front Genet 2022; 13:813216. [PMID: 35464839 PMCID: PMC9022222 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.813216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) is a popular vegetable with high nutritional value and distinctive flavor. The flavor is mainly correlate with the biosynthesis of terpenoids. Shading cultivation was used to improve the flavor in the production of water dropwort. However, the changes of terpenoids and the genes involved in terpenoids biosynthesis under shading treatment remains unclear. In this study, the long- and short-reads transcriptomes of water dropwort were constructed. In total, 57,743 non-redundant high-quality transcripts were obtained from the transcriptome. 28,514 SSRs were identified from non-redundant transcripts and the mono-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSRs. The lncRNAs of water dropwort were recognized and their target genes were predicted. The volatile compound contents in petioles and leaf blades of water dropwort were decreased after the shading treatment. The DEGs analysis was performed to identify the terpenoids biosynthesis genes. The results indicated that 5,288 DEGs were differentially expressed in petiole, of which 22 DEGs were enriched in the terpenoids backbone biosynthesis pathway. A total of 12 DEGs in terpenoids biosynthesis pathway were selected and further verified by qRT-PCR assay, demonstrating that the terpenoids biosynthesis genes were down-regulated under shading treatment. Here, the full-length transcriptome was constructed and the regulatory genes related to terpenoids biosynthesis in water dropwort were also investigated. These results will provide useful information for future researches on functional genomics and terpenoids biosynthesis mechanism in water dropwort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xia-Yue Kan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Jun Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Das A, Begum K, Akhtar S, Ahmed R, Kulkarni R, Banu S. Genome-wide detection and classification of terpene synthase genes in Aquilaria agallochum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1711-1729. [PMID: 34539112 PMCID: PMC8405786 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood, one of the precious woods in the globe, is produced by Aquilaria plant species during an upshot of wounding and infection. Produced as a defence response, the dark, fragrant resin gets secreted in the plant's duramen, which is impregnated with fragrant molecules with the due course. Agarwood has gained worldwide popularity due to its high aromatic oil, fragrance, and pharmaceutical value, which makes it highly solicited by numerous industries. Predominant chemical constituents of agarwood, sesquiterpenoids, and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones have been scrutinized to comprehend the scientific nature of the fragrant wood and develop novel products. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these aromatic compounds are still not comprehensively studied in Aquilaria. In this study, publicly available genomic and transcriptomics data of Aquilaria agallochum were integrated to identify putative functional terpene synthase genes (TPSs). The in silico study enabled us to identify ninety-six TPSs, of which thirty-nine full-length genes were systematically classified into TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g subfamilies based on their gene structure, conserve motif, and phylogenetic comparison with TPSs from other plant species. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements present upstream of AaTPSs revealed their association with hormone, stress and light responses. In silico expression studies detected their up-regulation in stress induced tissue. This study provides a basic understanding of terpene synthase gene repertoire in Aquilaria agallochum and unlatches opportunities for the biochemical characterization and biotechnological exploration of these genes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Das
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Khaleda Begum
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Suraiya Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Raja Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Sofia Banu
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
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Li RS, Zhu JH, Guo D, Li HL, Wang Y, Ding XP, Mei WL, Chen ZB, Dai HF, Peng SQ. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of terpene synthase gene family in Aquilaria sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:185-194. [PMID: 34004556 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood is the resinous portion of Aquilaria trees, and has been widely used as medicine and incense. Sesquiterpenes are the main chemical characteristic constituents of agarwood. Terpene synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of sesquiterpene compounds. However, limited information is available on genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in Aquilaria trees. In this study, TPS gene family was identified and characterized in Aquilaria sinensis by bioinformatics methods. The expression of those genes was analyzed by RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR. Transcription factors regulating TPS gene expression were identified by yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay. In total, 26 AsTPS genes (AsTPS1-AsTPS26) were identified, which were classified into five subgroups. Many putative cis-elements putatively involved in stresses and phytohormones (especially jasmonic acid) were identified in the promoter regions of AsTPSs, suggesting that AsTPSs genes may be regulated by stresses and jasmonic acid. Expression analysis revealed seven TPS genes encoding sesquiterpene synthetases were induced by wounding and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), which may be related to sesquiterpene biosynthesis. By yeast one-hybrid screening, a ERF transcription factor AsERF1 was identified to interact with the AsTPS1 promoter. Subcellular localization analysis indicated AsERF1 was a nucleus-localized protein. Transient transfection of AsERF1 in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhanced the promoter activation of AsTPS1, suggesting AsERF1 may participate in sesquiterpene biosynthesis by regulating AsTPS1 expression. These data generated in this study provide a foundation for future studies on functional roles and regulation mechanisms of AsTPS in sesquiterpene biosynthesis and agarwood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Jia-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xu-Po Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhi-Bao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Li Z, Howell K, Fang Z, Zhang P. Sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines: Occurrence, biosynthesis, functionality, and influence of winemaking processes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:247-281. [PMID: 33319521 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Grapes are an important global horticultural product, and are mainly used for winemaking. Typically, grapes and wines are rich in various phytochemicals, including phenolics, terpenes, pyrazines, and benzenoids, with different compounds responsible for different nutritional and sensory properties. Among these compounds, sesquiterpenes, a subcategory of the terpenes, are attracting increasing interest as they affect aroma and have potential health benefits. The characteristics of sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines in terms of classification, biosynthesis pathway, and active functions have not been extensively reviewed. This paper summarizes 97 different sesquiterpenes reported in grapes and wines and reviews their biosynthesis pathways and relevant bio-regulation mechanisms. This review further discusses the functionalities of these sesquiterpenes including their aroma contribution to grapes and wines and potential health benefits, as well as how winemaking processes affect sesquiterpene concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhan Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Howell
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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