1
|
Bolshakov P, Kuchumov AG, Kharin N, Akifyev K, Statsenko E, Silberschmidt VV. Method of computational design for additive manufacturing of hip endoprosthesis based on basic-cell concept. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 40:e3802. [PMID: 38246644 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Endoprosthetic hip replacement is the conventional way to treat osteoarthritis or a fracture of a dysfunctional joint. Different manufacturing methods are employed to create reliable patient-specific devices with long-term performance and biocompatibility. Recently, additive manufacturing has become a promising technique for the fabrication of medical devices, because it allows to produce complex samples with various structures of pores. Moreover, the limitations of traditional fabrication methods can be avoided. It is known that a well-designed porous structure provides a better proliferation of cells, leading to improved bone remodeling. Additionally, porosity can be used to adjust the mechanical properties of designed structures. This makes the design and choice of the structure's basic cell a crucial task. This study focuses on a novel computational method, based on the basic-cell concept to design a hip endoprosthesis with an unregularly complex structure. A cube with spheroid pores was utilized as a basic cell, with each cell having its own porosity and mechanical properties. A novelty of the suggested method is in its combination of the topology optimization method and the structural design algorithm. Bending and compression cases were analyzed for a cylinder structure and two hip implants. The ability of basic-cell geometry to influence the structure's stress-strain state was shown. The relative change in the volume of the original structure and the designed cylinder structure was 6.8%. Computational assessments of a stress-strain state using the proposed method and direct modeling were carried out. The volumes of the two types of implants decreased by 9% and 11%, respectively. The maximum von Mises stress was 600 MPa in the initial design. After the algorithm application, it increased to 630 MPa for the first type of implant, while it is not changing in the second type of implant. At the same time, the load-bearing capacity of the hip endoprostheses was retained. The internal structure of the optimized implants was significantly different from the traditional designs, but better structural integrity is likely to be achieved with less material. Additionally, this method leads to time reduction both for the initial design and its variations. Moreover, it enables to produce medical implants with specific functional structures with an additive manufacturing method avoiding the constraints of traditional technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bolshakov
- Department of Machine Science and Engineering Graphics, Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alex G Kuchumov
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Mechanics and Biomechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Biocompatible Materials and Devices, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
| | - Nikita Kharin
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics, N.I. Lobachevsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Engineering, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kirill Akifyev
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics, N.I. Lobachevsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny Statsenko
- Laboratory of X-ray Tomography, Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vadim V Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Wen P, Xu Y, Fu Z, Ren G. Exploring Advanced Functionalities of Carbon Fiber-Graded PEEK Composites as Bone Fixation Plates Using Finite Element Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:414. [PMID: 38255583 PMCID: PMC10817601 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to address the challenges associated with conventional metallic bone fixation plates in biomechanical applications, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, including stress shielding, allergic reactions, corrosion resistance, and interference with medical imaging. The use of materials with a low elastic modulus is regarded as an effective approach to overcome these problems. In this study, the impact of different types of chopped carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CCF/PEEK) functionally graded material (FGM) bone plates on stress shielding under static and instantaneous dynamic loading was explored using finite element analysis (FEA). The FGM bone plate models were established using ABAQUS and the user's subroutine USDFLD and VUSDFLD, and each model was established with an equivalent overall elastic modulus and distinctive distributions. The results revealed that all FGM bone plates exhibited lower stress shielding effects compared to metal bone plates. Particularly, the FGM plate with an elastic modulus gradually increased from the centre to both sides and provided maximum stress stimulation and the most uniform stress distribution within the fractured area. These findings offer crucial insights for designing implantable medical devices that possess enhanced mechanical adaptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Zhang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Pihua Wen
- Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yigeng Xu
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK;
| | - Zengxiang Fu
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Guogang Ren
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niroomand MR, Arabbeiki M, Rouhi G. Optimization of thread configuration in dental implants through regulating the mechanical stimuli in neighboring bone. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 231:107376. [PMID: 36736135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The threads, as the most critical component of dental implants, transfer the imposed occlusal loads to the adjacent bone. Moreover, regulation of the mechanical stimuli in the implant adjacent bone is crucial to maximize the bone-implant construct stability. An optimal thread design can be resulted when the distribution of mechanical stimuli within the bone, and at the implant-bone interface, lie in an advised confined range. In this work, with the goal of finding the optimal thread design, which can provide the maximum level of stability, the effects of thread parameters, namely, thread depth, thread width, and thread pitch, together with upper and lower thread angles, on maximum principal strain within the cortical and cancellous bone, and shear strain at the implant-bone interface, were investigated. METHODS In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM), due to the central composite design (CCD), was employed to obtain a set of 53 experiments. Following that, they were numerically simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The polynomial regression model was then used to predict the response functions based on the magnitude of thread parameters. The effectiveness of each thread parameter was also evaluated through statistical tools. Moreover, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was performed to find the optimum dimensions of the thread. RESULTS Through comparing the results obtained from analyzing initial and optimized configuration of threads, it was shown that the latter causes a reduction in the maximum principal strains in cancellous and cortical bones by about 25% and 30%, respectively, which is in favor of making a higher quality bone, and thus greater stability in dental implant-bone construct. Moreover, the maximum shear strains at the implant-bone interface in different planes were reduced by about 40%, in the optimized thread, compared with the initial design. CONCLUSIONS The optimized design found in this study is a buttress thread with a fine pitch, but deep thread, which keeps the mechanical stimuli in a safe range to grant an acceptable level of stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Arabbeiki
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosseini-Faradonbeh SA, Katoozian HR. Biomechanical evaluations of the long-term stability of dental implant using finite element modeling method: a systematic review. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:182-202. [PMID: 35855319 PMCID: PMC9259347 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to summarize various biomechanical aspects in evaluating the long-term stability of dental implants based on finite element method (FEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was performed among published studies over the last 20 years in three databases; PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The studies are arranged in a comparative table based on their publication date. Also, the variety of modeling is shown in the form of graphs and tables. Various aspects of the studies conducted were discussed here. RESULTS By reviewing the titles and abstracts, 9 main categories were extracted and discussed as follows: implant materials, the focus of the study on bone or implant as well as the interface area, type of loading, element shape, parts of the model, boundary conditions, failure criteria, statistical analysis, and experimental tests performed to validate the results. It was found that most of the studied articles contain a model of the jaw bone (cortical and cancellous bone). The material properties were generally derived from the literature. Approximately 43% of the studies attempted to examine the implant and surrounding bone simultaneously. Almost 42% of the studies performed experimental tests to validate the modeling. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the studies reviewed, there is no "optimal" design guideline, but more reliable design of implant is possible. This review study can be a starting point for more detailed investigations of dental implant longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Reza Katoozian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dan A, Angelescu ML, Serban N, Cojocaru EM, Zarnescu-Ivan N, Cojocaru VD, Galbinasu BM. Evolution of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Cold-Rolling Deformation of a Biocompatible Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta Alloy. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103580. [PMID: 35629608 PMCID: PMC9143921 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Ti-32.9Nb-4.2Zr-7.5Ta (wt%) titanium alloy was produced by melting in a cold crucible induction in a levitation furnace, and then deforming by cold rolling, with progressive deformation degrees (thickness reduction), from 15% to 60%, in 15% increments. The microstructural characteristics of the specimens in as-received and cold-rolled conditions were determined by XRD and SEM microscopy, while the mechanical characteristics were obtained by tensile and microhardness testing. It was concluded that, in all cases, the Ti-32.9Nb-4.2Zr-7.5Ta (wt%) showed a bimodal microstructure consisting of Ti-β and Ti-α″ phases. Cold deformation induced significant changes in the microstructural and the mechanical properties, leading to grain-refinement, crystalline cell distortions and variations in the weight-fraction ratio of both Ti-β and Ti-α″ phases, as the applied degree of deformation increased from 15% to 60%. Changes in the mechanical properties were also observed: the strength properties (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and microhardness) increased, while the ductility properties (fracture strain and elastic modulus) decreased, as a result of variations in the weight-fraction ratio, the crystallite size and the strain hardening induced by the progressive cold deformation in the Ti-β and Ti-α″ phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Dan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Mariana Lucia Angelescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Nicolae Serban
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Nicoleta Zarnescu-Ivan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Vasile Danut Cojocaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-402-95-31
| | - Bogdan Mihai Galbinasu
- Dental Medicine Faculty, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Fei H, Wang J, Li T, Feng Y, Huan Y. The Regularity of Stress Shielding in Internal Fixation Characterized by Hydromechanics. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1122990. [PMID: 34729598 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stress shielding is an important factor in the internal fixation of a fracture. To explore the regularity of stress shielding in internal fixation, a simplified model of a comminuted femoral shaft fracture bridged by a locking plate was established and finite element analysis was performed to analyze the load distribution between the plate and femur from the proximal end of the femur to the fracture line and investigate the stress shielding degree of the plate on the bone. The stress, deformation, and axial compressive force distribution of four internal fixation schemes under compression were obtained, and the stress shielding degrees on each section was calculated. To compare the regularity of stress shielding and flow distribution, the relationship between the compressive force increment and stress shielding degree was established. The normalized curves of compressive force increment with the plate section position were compared with the flow distribution in a Z-type manifold, a parallel pipe system similar to an internal fixation system in structure and working characteristics. For quantitative comparison, the similarity between normalized curves of the compressive force increment and simulated flow distribution was calculated. The regularity of load distribution along the section position of the plate was similar to the flow distribution in the Z-type manifold. Therefore, the flow distribution pattern of the Z-type manifold can be used to characterize the regularity of load distribution in internal fixation. This study provided a new method to characterize the stress shielding degree of a locking plate on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Fei
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yihui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Finite element analysis of the effect of anterior dynamic plating on two-level anterior cervical discectomy fusion biomechanics. World Neurosurg 2022; 163:e43-e52. [PMID: 35176523 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitations of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) relate to mechanical failure of the construct after recurring subsidence and migration. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the maximum rotation of variable angle screws on the range of motion (ROM), cage migration, and subsidence. METHODS Five finite element (FE) models were developed from a C2-C7 cervical spine model. The first model was an intact C2-C7 spine model, and the second model was an altered C2-C7 model with C4-C6 cage insertion and a 2-level static plate. The other three models were altered C2-C7 models with the same C4-C6 cage insertion and a 2-level dynamic plate. RESULTS ROM of C4-C6 in the static plate model was reduced by about 14º from the intact model, while only reduced by about 9o in dynamic plate models. The maximum migration and subsidence at the cage-endplate interface in the dynamic plate models were lower than that in the static plate model under all moments. The von-Mises stress of the C3-C4 and C6-C7 discs in the dynamic plate models was lower than that in the static plate model. CONCLUSION Results indicate dynamic plating has promising potential (higher ROM and lower von Mises stress of discs) for stabilization in multilevel ACDF than static plate, though both dynamic plate and static plate has lower ROM than the intact model. Lower screw rotational angle has superior biomechanical performance (lower migration and subsidence) to higher rotational angle in multilevel applications regardless of loading.
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of Cold Rolling Deformation and Solution Treatment on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of a Biocompatible Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important requirements for a metallic biomaterial is the mechanical biocompatibility, which means excellent mechanical properties—high strength and fatigue strength, but low elastic modulus, to be mechanically harmonized with hard tissues. In order to improve the mechanical and biocompatible performance of the Ti-25.5Nb-4.5Ta-8.0Zr wt% alloy, the influence of cold plastic deformation and solution treatment on its properties were investigated. The Ti-25.5Nb-4.5Ta-8.0Zr wt% alloy was fabricated by melting in a cold crucible furnace (in levitation) and then subjected to several treatment schemes, which include cold rolling and different solution treatments. Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of specimens in as-cast and thermo-mechanically processed condition were determined by SEM microscopy and tensile testing, for different structural states: initial as-cast/as-received, cold rolled and solution treated at different temperatures (800, 900, and 1000 °C) and durations (5, 10, 15, and 20 min), with water quenching. It was concluded that both cold rolling and solution treatment have important positive effects on structural and mechanical properties of the biomaterial, increasing mechanical strength and decreasing the elastic modulus. Samples in different structural states were also corrosion tested and the results provided important information on determining the optimal processing scheme to obtain a high-performance biomaterial. The final processing route chosen consists of a cold rolling deformation with a total deformation degree of 60%, followed by a solution heat treatment at 900 °C with maintenance duration of 5 min and water quenching. By applying this thermo-mechanical processing scheme, the Ti-25.5Nb-4.5Ta-8.0Zr wt% alloy showed an elastic modulus of 56 GPa (5% higher than in the as-cast state), an ultimate tensile strength of 1004 MPa (41.8% higher than in the as-cast state), a yield strength of 718 MPa (40.6% higher than in the as-cast state), and increased corrosion resistance (the corrosion rate decreased by 50% compared to the as-cast state).
Collapse
|
9
|
Ben Boubaker H, Laheurte P, Le Coz G, Biriaie SS, Didier P, Lohmuller P, Moufki A. Impact of the Loading Conditions and the Building Directions on the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical β-Titanium Alloy Produced In Situ by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020509. [PMID: 35057227 PMCID: PMC8779565 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to simulate micromachining of Ti-Nb medical devices produced in situ by selective laser melting, it is necessary to use constitutive models that allow one to reproduce accurately the material behavior under extreme loading conditions. The identification of these models is often performed using experimental tension or compression data. In this work, compression tests are conducted to investigate the impact of the loading conditions and the laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) building directions on the mechanical behavior of β-Ti42Nb alloy. Compression tests are performed under two strain rates (1 s−1 and 10 s−1) and four temperatures (298 K, 673 K, 873 K and 1073 K). Two LB-PBF building directions are used for manufacturing the compression specimens. Therefore, different metallographic analyses (i.e., optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction) have been carried out on the deformed specimens to gain insight into the impact of the loading conditions on microstucture alterations. According to the results, whatever the loading conditions are, specimens manufactured with a building direction of 45∘ exhibit higher flow stress than those produced with a building direction of 90∘, highlighting the anisotropy of the as-LB-PBFed alloy. Additionally, the deformed alloy exhibits at room temperature a yielding strength of 1180 ± 40 MPa and a micro-hardness of 310 ± 7 HV0.1. Experimental observations demonstrated two strain localization modes: a highly deformed region corresponding to the localization of the plastic deformation in the central region of specimens and perpendicular to the compression direction and an adiabatic shear band oriented with an angle of ±45 with respect to same direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Housseme Ben Boubaker
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 57070 Metz, France; (G.L.C.); (S.-S.B.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (A.M.)
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, IMT, GIP InSIC, 88100 Saint Die des Vosges, France
- Correspondence: (H.B.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Pascal Laheurte
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 57070 Metz, France; (G.L.C.); (S.-S.B.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Gael Le Coz
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 57070 Metz, France; (G.L.C.); (S.-S.B.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Seyyed-Saeid Biriaie
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 57070 Metz, France; (G.L.C.); (S.-S.B.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (A.M.)
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, IMT, GIP InSIC, 88100 Saint Die des Vosges, France
| | - Paul Didier
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 57070 Metz, France; (G.L.C.); (S.-S.B.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Paul Lohmuller
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 57070 Metz, France; (G.L.C.); (S.-S.B.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdelhadi Moufki
- Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 57070 Metz, France; (G.L.C.); (S.-S.B.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Makaram H, Swaminathan R. Influence of bone quality and pedicle screw design on the fixation strength during Axial Pull-out test: A 2D Axisymmetric FE study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:4924-4927. [PMID: 34892312 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pedicle screw fixations are widely used to provide support and improve stability for the treatment of spinal pathologies. The effectiveness of treatment depends on the anchorage strength between the screw and bone. In this study, the influence of pedicle screw half-angle and bone quality on the displacement of fixation and stress transfer are analyzed using a 2D axisymmetric finite element model. The pedicle screw proximal half-angle is varied between 0° and 60° in steps of 10°, along with two different distal half-angles of 30° and 40°. Three bone models are considered for cancellous bone to simulate various degrees of bone quality, namely, poor, moderate and good. The mechanical properties of cortical bone are kept constant throughout the study. The material properties and boundary conditions are applied based on previous studies. Frictional contact is considered between the bone and screw. Results show that, the displacement of fixation is observed to be minimum at a proximal half angle of 0° and maximum at an angle of 60°, independent of bone quality. The highest implant displacement is observed in case of poor bone quality. All the bone model showed similar patterns of stress distribution, with high stress concentration around the first few threads. The highest peak von Mises stress is obtained at a proximal half-angle of 60°. Furthermore, the stress transfer increased with increase in proximal half-angle and bone quality, with maximum stress transfer at a proximal half-angle of 60°. It appears that, this study might aid to improve the design of pedicle screw for treatment of degenerative spinal diseases.Clinical Relevance- This study analyses the impact of bone quality on pedicle screw design.
Collapse
|
11
|
Feeley A, Feeley I, Ni Fhoghlú C, Sheehan E, Kennedy M. Use of biomaterials in scaphoid fracture fixation, a systematic review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 89:105480. [PMID: 34530377 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scaphoid fractures account for 60-70% carpal injury. Due to limited vascular supply achieving adequate reduction and healing is important to avoid complications including avascular necrosis. Recent technological advances have led to renewed vigour in bioabsorbable material research to develop devices which could be used without the need for removal and complications including stress shielding and suboptimal imaging. METHODS A systematic search of databases including PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Google Scholar databases was made to identify studies related to the use of bioabsorbable materials in scaphoid fixation and postoperative patient outcomes. PRISMA guidelines were utilised for this review. FINDINGS Initial search results yielded 852 studies. 124 studies were screened, with 79 patients across 7 studies included in this review. Poly-L-Lactic acid derivatives were the most common biomaterial for scaphoid fixation, with magnesium and polyglycolide also used. Levels of evidence for studies ranged between III-IV. Analysis demonstrated mixed findings with generally comparable outcomes to conventional alloy-based screws. INTERPRETATION Development in bioabsorbable materials is ongoing, however there remains a dearth in data regarding their use in the scaphoid. Further research is needed to establish the efficacy and applicability of bioabsorbable devices in the scaphoid bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedics, Midlands Regional Hospital Tullamore, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Iain Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Ireland
| | | | - Eoin Sheehan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Midlands Regional Hospital Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Muiris Kennedy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Midlands Regional Hospital Tullamore, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synnott S, Langohr GDG, Reeves JM, Johnson JA, Athwal GS. The effect of humeral implant thickness and canal fill on interface contact and bone stresses in the proximal humerus. JSES Int 2021; 5:881-888. [PMID: 34505100 PMCID: PMC8411059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem size is an important element for successful time zero primary fixation of a press-fit humeral stem in shoulder arthroplasty. Little basic science research, however, has been conducted on the effects of implant thickness and canal fill on load transfer, contact, and stress shielding. The purpose of this finite element study was to determine the effects of varying stem thickness on bone contact, bone stresses, and bone resorption owing to stress shielding. Methods Three generic short-stem implant models were developed and varied based on cross-sectional thickness (thinner - 8 mm, medium - 12 mm, thicker - 16 mm). Using a finite element model, three outcome measures were determined (1) the amount of bone-to-implant contact, (2) changes in cortical and trabecular bone stresses from the intact state, and (3) changes in cortical and trabecular strain energy densities which can predict bone remodeling or stress shielding. Results Increasing the size of the humeral stem had no significant effects on bone-to-implant contact during loading (P > .07). The thinner implant with the lowest canal fill ratio produced significantly lower changes in stress from the intact state in both cortical and trabecular bone (P < .002). In addition, the thinner implant resulted in a substantially lower volume of bone predicted to stress shield and resorb when compared with the medium and thicker stems. Discussion The results demonstrate that thinner implants and lower canal fill may be beneficial over thicker sizes, provided equal initial fixation can be achieved. The thinner implant has a greater degree of load sharing and increases the mechanical load placed on surrounding bone, reducing the risk of stress shielding and bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Synnott
- Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center Biomechanics Laboratory, London, ON, Canada
| | - G Daniel G Langohr
- Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center Biomechanics Laboratory, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob M Reeves
- Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center Biomechanics Laboratory, London, ON, Canada
| | - James A Johnson
- Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center Biomechanics Laboratory, London, ON, Canada
| | - George S Athwal
- Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center Biomechanics Laboratory, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kabiri A, Liaghat G, Alavi F. Biomechanical evaluation of glass fiber/polypropylene composite bone fracture fixation plates: Experimental and numerical analysis. Comput Biol Med 2021; 132:104303. [PMID: 33676315 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact behavior of composite fixation plate used in the fracture healing of long bones diaphysis. Hence, this study examined polypropylene composite fixation plates using different glass fibers and measured their biomechanical responses under axial impact loading experimentally and numerically. Short randomly oriented, long unidirectional prepregs and fiber yarn of glass were considered as reinforcements, and fixation plates were fabricated through two different heat-compressing and 3D printing processes. Furthermore, assessing the fixation plate structures impact behavior was carried out using in vitro impact test and finite element analysis (FEA). Impact damping behavior, damage mechanisms, and stress and strain pattern of the composite fixation plate structures were obtained under various bone fractures and impact energies. The impact load-time responses and the failure mechanisms demonstrated that fixation plate structures with more plastic behavior and lower stiffness could act as an initial shock absorber and dampen the transmission of axial impact load by distributing the impact energy over time. Therefore, considering the ability of stress shielding and adequate interfragmentary movement which amplifies bone ossification, the proposed Glass Fiber/PP (GF/PP) composite fixation plates could serve as a proper alternative in orthopedics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kabiri
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Liaghat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Kingston University, London, UK.
| | - Fatemeh Alavi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Karimi Dastgerdi A, Rouhi G, Dehghan MM, Farzad-Mohajeri S, Barikani HR. Linear Momenta Transferred to the Dental Implant-Bone and Natural Tooth-PDL-Bone Constructs Under Impact Loading: A Comparative in-vitro and in-silico Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:544. [PMID: 32596223 PMCID: PMC7303479 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During dental trauma, periodontal ligament (PDL) contributes to the stability of the tooth-PDL-bone structure. When a dental implant is inserted into the bone, the dental implant-bone construct will be more prone to mechanical damage, caused by impact loading, than the tooth-PDL-bone construct. In spite of the prevalence of such traumas, the behavioral differences between these two constructs have not been well-understood yet. The main goal of this study was to compare the momentum transferred to the tooth-PDL-bone and dental implant-bone constructs under impact loading. First, mechanical impact tests were performed on six canine mandibles of intact (N = 3) and implanted (N = 3) specimens using a custom-made drop tower apparatus, from release heights of 1, 2, and 3 cm. Next, computed tomography-based finite element models were developed for both constructs, and the transferred momenta were calculated. The experimental results indicated that, for the release heights of 1, 2, and 3 cm, the linear momenta transferred to the dental implant-bone construct were 33.1, 31.0, and 27.5% greater than those of the tooth-PDL-bone construct, respectively. Moreover, results of finite element simulations were in agreement with those of the experimental tests (error <7.5%). This work tried to elucidate the effects of impact loading on the dental implant-bone and tooth-PDL-bone constructs using both in-vitro tests and validated in-silico simulations. The findings can be employed to modify design of the current generation of dental implants, based on the lessons one can take from the biomechanical behavior of a natural tooth structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Barikani
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laser-Induced Microgrooves Improve the Mechanical Responses of Cemented Implant Systems. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050466. [PMID: 32365464 PMCID: PMC7281130 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of a laser-induced microgroove (LIM) architecture on mechanical responses of two cemented implant systems was evaluated. One system consisted of two aluminum alloy rods bonded end-to-end by polymethylmethacrylate cement. The second system consisted of a custom-made, aluminum tibial tray (TT) cemented in an artificial canine tibia. Control specimens for each system were polished smooth at the cement interface. For LIM samples in the rod system, microgrooves were engraved (100 µm depth, 200 µm width, 500 µm spacing) on the apposing surface of one of the two rods. For TT system testing, LIM engraving (100 µm spacing) was confined to the underside and keel of the tray. Morphological analysis of processed implant surfaces revealed success in laser microgrooving procedures. For cemented rods tested under static tension, load to failure was greater for LIM samples (279.0 ± 14.9 N vs. 126.5 ± 4.5 N). Neither non-grooved nor grooved TT samples failed under cyclic compression testing (100,000 cycles at 1 Hz). Compared with control specimens, LIM TT constructs exhibited higher load to failure under static compression and higher strain at the bone interface under cyclic compression. Laser-induced microgrooving has the potential to improve the performance of cemented orthopedic implants.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ho YH, Joshi SS, Wu TC, Hung CM, Ho NJ, Dahotre NB. In-vitro bio-corrosion behavior of friction stir additively manufactured AZ31B magnesium alloy-hydroxyapatite composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
17
|
Tetteh E, McCullough MBA. Impact of screw thread shape on stress transfer in bone: a finite element study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:518-523. [PMID: 32213103 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1743980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gradual screw loosening is a well-known failure mechanism in internal fixation. Loosening is primarily due to progressive bone loss caused by stress shielding, a phenomenon in which a medical device absorbs a disproportionate amount of load within the screw-bone construct. The proximity of elastic moduli of magnesium and bone presents the potential for alleviating screw loosening by allowing optimum stress to be transferred between screw and bone, and in turn, supporting bone remodeling around the screw. In this study, the effect of thread profile on stress transfer in a magnesium fixation was simulated using a 2-D finite element model. Modified stress parameters from a previous study were used to estimate stress transfer across three thread profiles. Results showed highest stress transfer in trapezoidal-shaped magnesium screw thread. In accordance, this study corroborates the potential for magnesium as an ultimate screw material to eliminate progressive screw loosening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tetteh
- Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Matthew B A McCullough
- Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hybrid composite pedicle screw - finite element modelling with parametric optimization. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
19
|
Ghadami F, Saber-Samandari S, Rouhi G, Amani Hamedani M, Dehghan MM, Farzad Mohajeri S, Mashhadi-Abbas F, Gholami H. The effects of bone implants' coating mechanical properties on osseointegration: In vivo, in vitro, and histological investigations. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 106:2679-2691. [PMID: 29901269 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to investigate the effects of implants coatings' mechanical properties and morphology on the osseointegration. In order to produce different mechanical properties of coatings, two thermal spray techniques, high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air plasma spray (APS) were employed. Titanium pins were coated and implanted into the distal femurs and proximal tibias of fifteen New Zealand white rabbits, equally distributed in three study groups, and a total of 20 pins implanted in each group. Eight weeks after insertion, the rabbits were euthanized and the femur samples were taken out for biomechanical tests and tibia samples for histological evaluations of osseointegration. Scanning electron microscopy results showed enhanced density and a better morphology of HVOF coatings, compared to APS samples, and X-ray diffraction characterized an enhanced crystallinity of HVOF coatings. Nanoindentation tests revealed greater hardness and elastic modulus of HVOF coatings, whereas greater tensile residual stress and more pronounced creep was observed for APS coatings. Neither in biomechanical tests, nor in the histological analyses, a significant difference was observed between HVOF and APS coated samples (p > 0.05, and p > 0.05, respectively). The lack of significant difference between the HVOF and APS coated implants' osseointegration rejected our hypothesis to have a more enhanced osseointegration due to a better morphology, as well as stronger mechanical properties of HA coatings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2679-2691, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ghadami
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad Mohajeri
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mashhadi-Abbas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Gholami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghouchani A, Rouhi G, Ebrahimzadeh MH. Investigation on distal femoral strength and reconstruction failure following curettage and cementation: In-vitro tests with finite element analyses. Comput Biol Med 2019; 112:103360. [PMID: 31330318 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cement augmentation following benign bone tumor surgery, i.e. curettage and cementation, is recommended in patients at high risk of fracture. Nonetheless, identifying appropriate cases and devices for augmentation remains debatable. Our goal was to develop a validated biomechanical tool to: predict the post-surgery strength of a femoral bone, assess the precision and accuracy of the predicted strength, and discover the mechanisms of reconstruction failure, with the aim of finding a safe biomechanical fixation. Tumor surgery was mimicked in quantitative-CT (QCT) scanned cadaveric human distal femora, and subsequently tested in compression to measure bone strength (FExp). Finite element (FE) models considering bone material non-homogeneity and non-linearity were constructed to predict bone strength (FFE). Analyses of contact, damage, and crack initiation at the bone-cement interface (BCI) were completed to investigate critical failure locations. Results of paired t-tests did not show a significant difference between FExp and FFE (P > 0.05); linear regression analysis resulted in good correlation between FExp and FFE (R2 = 0.94). Evaluation of the models precision using linear regression analysis yielded R2 = 0.89, with the slope = 1.08 and intercept = -324.16 N. FE analyses showed the initiation of damage and crack and a larger cement debonding area at the proximal end and most interior part of BCI, respectively. Therefore, we speculated that devices that reinforce critical failure locations offer the most biomechanical advantage. The QCT-based FE method proved to be a reliable tool to predict distal femoral strength, identify some causes of reconstruction failure, and assist in a safer selection of fixation devices to reduce post-operative fracture risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Ghouchani
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Ebrahimzadeh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ahmad Abad Street. Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A novel radiological assessment of screw loosening focusing on spatial position change of screws using an iterative closest point algorithm with stereolithography data: technical note. World Neurosurg 2019; 124:171-177. [PMID: 30660886 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In thoracolumbar spinal instrumentation surgery, pedicle screw fixation is widely used, while screw loosening occurs only occasionally over time. It is common to evaluate screw loosening by the radiographical lucent zone around screws, which can neither evaluate loosening quantitatively nor detect slight screw loosening. In the present technical note, we describe a novel assessment technique of screw loosening by generating 3-dimensional screw images from computed tomography (CT) data and superposing them in time series. METHODS CT data was exported in digital imaging and communications in medicine dataset and imported to the 3-dimensional computer aided designing software, by which screws and rods were segmented and outputted in stereolithography (STL) format. The STL files were imported to the software, and registration based on iterative closest point algorithm was performed to assess screw position changes. RESULTS Positional changes on STL in time series were classified into 3 types: 1) no position changes existed in the entire system of screws and rods; 2) position changes existed in the entire system of screws and rods, but no position changes were shown when the left-sided and right-sided screws and rod were separately evaluated; and 3) position changes existed in the left and/or right-sided screws and rods even when evaluated separately. CONCLUSIONS This technique enables the quantitative evaluation of screw loosening and loosening between screws and rods. In conjunction with conventional methods of assessing radiographical lucent zone, we are able to obtain more accurate information regarding screw loosening after spinal instrumentation surgery.
Collapse
|
22
|
Biswas JK, Sahu TP, Rana M, Roy S, Karmakar SK, Majumder S, Roychowdhury A. Design factors of lumbar pedicle screws under bending load: A finite element analysis. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
23
|
Singh G, Jain V, Gupta D, Sharma A. Parametric effect of vibrational drilling on osteonecrosis and comparative histopathology study with conventional drilling of cortical bone. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018; 232:975-986. [PMID: 30112958 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918794983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drilling to the bones is required to re-fix them at their appropriate location using the implants. During drilling some thermal and mechanical losses may be faced by the bone and surrounding tissues which may lead to the serious issue in terms of osteonecrosis. Osteonecrosis is one of the reasons for impaired healing process for the fractured bone and causes further complications like low pullout strength of cortical screws and bone crush. In order to maintain the low temperature during bone drilling, this study focused the thermal damages observed by the bone and its surrounding during bone drilling and compared the results of conventional and vibrational drilling techniques. Parametric optimization under the influence of vibrations was also studied. Drilling has been done with the both drilling technique, and results were recorded in terms of temperature raise. Optimal solution for drilling the bone has been accessed using Taguchi optimization technique. The morphological comparison has been done for conventional and vibrational drilled holes using histopathology of drilled bones sections. From Taguchi optimization, it was observed that R1F1A1 is the parametric combination which gives minimum thermal injury to the bone in case of vibrational bone drilling. Analysis of variance cleared that the all parameters involved significantly affect the results (P ≤ 0.05). Rotational speed was found to be the most influential factor among the all with 80.53%. Histopathology studies of bone specimens help to understand how heat generation affects the bone morphology during drilling. The specimens drilled with vibrational drilling show less damage in terms of osteonecrosis near the drill site which shows the significance of vibrational drilling in case of orthopedic surgeries. The raise in temperature during drilling is collective result of different drilling parameters. Vibrational drilling was observed a helping tool to control the thermal damage in bone drilling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Singh
- 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, India
| | - Dheeraj Gupta
- 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, India
| | - Abhimanyu Sharma
- 2 Department of Pathology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Park J, Sutradhar A, Shah JJ, Paulino GH. Design of complex bone internal structure using topology optimization with perimeter control. Comput Biol Med 2018; 94:74-84. [PMID: 29408000 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Large facial bone loss usually requires patient-specific bone implants to restore the structural integrity and functionality that also affects the appearance of each patient. Titanium alloys (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V) are typically used in the interfacial porous coatings between the implant and the surrounding bone to promote stability. There exists a property mismatch between the two that in general leads to complications such as stress-shielding. This biomechanical discrepancy is a hurdle in the design of bone replacements. To alleviate the mismatch, the internal structure of the bone replacements should match that of the bone. Topology optimization has proven to be a good technique for designing bone replacements. However, the complex internal structure of the bone is difficult to mimic using conventional topology optimization methods without additional restrictions. In this work, the complex bone internal structure is recovered using a perimeter control based topology optimization approach. By restricting the solution space by means of the perimeter, the intricate design complexity of bones can be achieved. Three different bone regions with well-known physiological loadings are selected to illustrate the method. Additionally, we found that the target perimeter value and the pattern of the initial distribution play a vital role in obtaining the natural curvatures in the bone internal structures as well as avoiding excessive island patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaejong Park
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alok Sutradhar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jami J Shah
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Glaucio H Paulino
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Effects of Geometrical Parameters of the Pedicle Screw on Its Pullout Strength: In-Vitro Animal Tests. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPEDIC AND SPINE TRAUMA 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jost.74189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
26
|
Abstract
There are many unanswered questions about giant cell tumor (GCT) treatment and not enough attention is paid to the biomechanics of the current treatment methods. Treatment methods have not changed much, and the best method remains controversial to some degree, due to the lack of adequate clinical and biomechanical investigations. Biomechanical tests, including in vitro mechanical experiments combined with finite element analysis, are very helpful in assessing the efficiency of the surgical methods employed and in determining the optimal method of surgery. Tests can be tailored to meet a patient’s needs, while limiting postoperative complications. One of the complications, following tumor surgery, is the frequency of postoperative fractures. In order to prevent postoperative fractures, defect reconstruction is recommended. The reconstruction usually consists of defect infilling with bone cement, and in the case of large defects cement augmentation is employed. Whether cement augmentation is essential and offers enough mechanical strength and what is the best fixation device for cement augmentation are areas of debate. In this article, the biomechanical studies comparing different methods of tumor surgery and cement augmentation, highlighting the areas needing more attention to advance GCT treatment, are critically reviewed. Based on our review, we recommend a biomechanical criterion for the essence of defect reconstruction, which must include patient specific factors, in addition to the tumor geometrical properties.
Collapse
|
27
|
Introduction of Maximum Stress Parameter for the Evaluation of Stress Shielding Around Orthopedic Screws in the Presence of Bone Remodeling Process. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Shape Optimization of Bone-Bonding Subperiosteal Devices with Finite Element Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3609062. [PMID: 29392133 PMCID: PMC5748129 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3609062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Subperiosteal bone-bonding devices have been proposed for less invasive treatments in orthodontics. The device is osseointegrated onto a bone surface without fixation screws and is expected to rapidly attain a bone-bonding strength that successfully meets clinical performance. Hence, the device's optimum shape for rapid and strong bone bonding was examined in this study by finite element analyses. First, a stress analysis was performed for a circular rod device with an orthodontic force parallel to the bone surface, and the estimate of the bone-bonding strength based on the bone fracture criterion was verified with the results of an animal experiment. In total, four cross-sectional rod geometries were investigated: circular (Cr), elliptical (El), semicircular (Sc), and rectangular (Rc). By changing the height of the newly formed bone to mimic the progression of new bone formation, the estimation of the bone-bonding strength was repeated for each geometry. The rod with the Rc cross section exhibited the best performance, followed by those with the Sc, El, and Cr cross sections, from the aspects of the rapid acquisition of strength and the strength itself. Thus, the rectangular cross section is the best for rod-like subperiosteal devices for rapid bone bonding.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nourisa J, Rouhi G. Biomechanical evaluation of intramedullary nail and bone plate for the fixation of distal metaphyseal fractures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 56:34-44. [PMID: 26655955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Surgical treatment of distal metaphyseal fractures remains problematic, and whilst both intramedullary nailing and bone plate fixation are known as the acceptable methods for the internal fixation of this kind of fractures, neither technique demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes. In this research, a finite element based investigation was made to compare these two fixation techniques for the fixation of distal tibia fractures from the biomechanics point of view. For this purpose, a 3mm transverse fracture gap was created at the distal metaphyseal region of tibia and fixed by use of either a nail or a plate. The von Mises stress, interfragmentary movements, and the production of different tissue phenotypes at the fracture site were calculated. Results of this study showed that plating offers more advantageous biomechanical conditions at the fracture site, in which it provides sufficient amount of axial interfragmentary movement and considerable amount of cartilage production, while intramedullary nailing restricts axial movements but causes high magnitude of shear movements. However, nailing is superior to plating from the mechanical point of view and provides earlier weight bearing. In addition, it was shown that by using composite materials, biomechanical behavior of both fixation techniques will be improved through decreasing risk of failure and promoting cartilaginous tissue production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Nourisa
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Biodegradable Materials for Bone Repair and Tissue Engineering Applications. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5744-5794. [PMID: 28793533 PMCID: PMC5512653 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegradable materials for bone repair purposes. The choice between using degradable and non-degradable devices for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications must be carefully weighed. Traditional biodegradable devices for osteosynthesis have been successful in low or mild load bearing applications. However, continuing research and recent developments in the field of material science has resulted in development of biomaterials with improved strength and mechanical properties. For this purpose, biodegradable materials, including polymers, ceramics and magnesium alloys have attracted much attention for osteologic repair and applications. The next generation of biodegradable materials would benefit from recent knowledge gained regarding cell material interactions, with better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. The next generations of biodegradable materials for bone repair and regeneration applications require better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. Also, the mechanical properties and degradation/resorption profiles of these materials require further improvement to broaden their use and achieve better clinical results.
Collapse
|
31
|
Prediction of Stress Shielding Around Orthopedic Screws: Time-Dependent Bone Remodeling Analysis Using Finite Element Approach. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
ROUHI GHOLAMREZA, VAHDATI ALI, LI XIANJIE, SUDAK LESZEK. A THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER MODEL TO SIMULATE SPONGY BONE REMODELING UNDER OVERLOAD USING A SEMI-MECHANISTIC BONE REMODELING THEORY. J MECH MED BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s021951941550061x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Overload has been suggested as a contributing factor for bone loss, for instance at the bone implant interface. The objective of this study is to investigate spongy bone resorption under overload using a semi-mechanistic bone remodeling theory. Since overload can cause the accumulation of microdamage in bone, in this study, it is assumed that overload will increase the osteoclastic activity, and also will reduce the osteocyte influence distance. First, a previously proposed semi-mechanistic bone remodeling theory was extended by defining a new form for the resorption probability function, which is based on experimental evidence. Then, in order to investigate the validity of our hypothesis, a three-dimensional finite element model of spongy bone was developed. The simulation results show that, first, trabeculae adapt with the mechanical stimuli placed on them. Secondly, a sharp reduction in spongy bone density will be resulted, in agreement with experimental evidence, when bone is under overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GHOLAMREZA ROUHI
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - ALI VAHDATI
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - XIANJIE LI
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - LESZEK SUDAK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Nourisa J, Baseri A, Sudak L, Rouhi G. The Effects of Bone Screw Configurations on the Interfragmentary Movement in a Long Bone Fixed by a Limited Contact Locking Compression Plate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2015.89055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Ho YH, Vora HD, Dahotre NB. Laser surface modification of AZ31B Mg alloy for bio-wettability. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:915-28. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214551156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are the potential degradable materials for load-bearing implant application due to their comparable mechanical properties to human bone, excellent bioactivity, and in vivo non-toxicity. However, for a successful load-bearing implant, the surface of bio-implant must allow protein absorption and layer formation under physiological environment that can assist the cell/osteoblast growth. In this regard, surface wettability of bio-implant plays a key role to dictate the quantity of protein absorption. In light of this, the main objective of the present study was to produce favorable bio-wettability condition of AZ31B Mg alloy bio-implant surface via laser surface modification technique under various laser processing conditions. In the present efforts, the influence of laser surface modification on AZ31B Mg alloy surface on resultant bio-wettability was investigated via contact-angle measurements and the co-relationships among microstructure (grain size), surface roughness, surface energy, and surface chemical composition were established. In addition, the laser surface modification technique was simulated by computational (thermal) model to facilitate the prediction of temperature and its resultant cooling/solidification rates under various laser processing conditions for correlating with their corresponding composition and phase evolution. These predicted thermal properties were later used to correlate with the corresponding microstructure, chemical composition, and phase evolution via experimental analyses (X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hsien Ho
- Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Hitesh D Vora
- Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Narendra B Dahotre
- Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|