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Zhang C, Lin Q, Niu Y, Li W, Gong X, Cong F, Wang Y, Calhoun VD. Denoising brain networks using a fixed mathematical phase change in independent component analysis of magnitude-only fMRI data. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5712-5728. [PMID: 37647216 PMCID: PMC10619417 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain networks extracted by independent component analysis (ICA) from magnitude-only fMRI data are usually denoised using various amplitude-based thresholds. By contrast, spatial source phase (SSP) or the phase information of ICA brain networks extracted from complex-valued fMRI data, has provided a simple yet effective way to perform the denoising using a fixed phase change. In this work, we extend the approach to magnitude-only fMRI data to avoid testing various amplitude thresholds for denoising magnitude maps extracted by ICA, as most studies do not save the complex-valued data. The main idea is to generate a mathematical SSP map for a magnitude map using a mapping framework, and the mapping framework is built using complex-valued fMRI data with a known SSP map. Here we leverage the fact that the phase map derived from phase fMRI data has similar phase information to the SSP map. After verifying the use of the magnitude data of complex-valued fMRI, this framework is generalized to work with magnitude-only data, allowing use of our approach even without the availability of the corresponding phase fMRI datasets. We test the proposed method using both simulated and experimental fMRI data including complex-valued data from University of New Mexico and magnitude-only data from Human Connectome Project. The results provide evidence that the mathematical SSP denoising with a fixed phase change is effective for denoising spatial maps from magnitude-only fMRI data in terms of retaining more BOLD-related activity and fewer unwanted voxels, compared with amplitude-based thresholding. The proposed method provides a unified and efficient SSP approach to denoise ICA brain networks in fMRI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Ying Zhang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Qiu‐Hua Lin
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Yan‐Wei Niu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Wei‐Xing Li
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Xiao‐Feng Gong
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Fengyu Cong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
- Faculty of Information TechnologyUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Yu‐Ping Wang
- Tulane UniversityBiomedical Engineering DepartmentNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Golestani AM, Chen JJ. Performance of Temporal and Spatial Independent Component Analysis in Identifying and Removing Low-Frequency Physiological and Motion Effects in Resting-State fMRI. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:867243. [PMID: 35757543 PMCID: PMC9226487 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.867243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective separation of signal from noise (including physiological processes and head motion) is one of the chief challenges for improving the sensitivity and specificity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) measurements and has a profound impact when these noise sources vary between populations. Independent component analysis (ICA) is an approach for addressing these challenges. Conventionally, due to the lower amount of temporal than spatial information in rs-fMRI data, spatial ICA (sICA) is the method of choice. However, with recent developments in accelerated fMRI acquisitions, the temporal information is becoming enriched to the point that the temporal ICA (tICA) has become more feasible. This is particularly relevant as physiological processes and motion exhibit very different spatial and temporal characteristics when it comes to rs-fMRI applications, leading us to conduct a comparison of the performance of sICA and tICA in addressing these types of noise. In this study, we embrace the novel practice of using theory (simulations) to guide our interpretation of empirical data. We find empirically that sICA can identify more noise-related signal components than tICA. However, on the merit of functional-connectivity results, we find that while sICA is more adept at reducing whole-brain motion effects, tICA performs better in dealing with physiological effects. These interpretations are corroborated by our simulation results. The overall message of this study is that if ICA denoising is to be used for rs-fMRI, there is merit in considering a hybrid approach in which physiological and motion-related noise are each corrected for using their respective best-suited ICA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Golestani
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Neuroimaging Facility, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Jean Chen
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yu Q, Cai Z, Li C, Xiong Y, Yang Y, He S, Tang H, Zhang B, Du S, Yan H, Chang C, Wang N. A Novel Spectrum Contrast Mapping Method for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:739668. [PMID: 34566609 PMCID: PMC8455948 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.739668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies reported that spontaneous fluctuation of the blood oxygen level-dependent signal exists in multiple frequency components and changes over time. By assuming a reliable energy contrast between low- and high-frequency bands for each voxel, we developed a novel spectrum contrast mapping (SCM) method to decode brain activity at the voxel-wise level and further validated it in designed experiments. SCM consists of the following steps: first, the time course of each given voxel is subjected to fast Fourier transformation; the corresponding spectrum is divided into low- and high-frequency bands by given reference frequency points; then, the spectral energy ratio of the low- to high-frequency bands is calculated for each given voxel. Finally, the activity decoding map is formed by the aforementioned energy contrast values of each voxel. Our experimental results demonstrate that the SCM (1) was able to characterize the energy contrast of task-related brain regions; (2) could decode brain activity at rest, as validated by the eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-state experiments; (3) was verified with test-retest validation, indicating excellent reliability with most coefficients > 0.9 across the test sessions; and (4) could locate the aberrant energy contrast regions which might reveal the brain pathology of brain diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease. In summary, we demonstrated that the reliable energy contrast feature was a useful biomarker in characterizing brain states, and the corresponding SCM showed excellent brain activity-decoding performance at the individual and group levels, implying its potentially broad application in neuroscience, neuroimaging, and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zenglin Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cunhua Li
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yulong Xiong
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang He
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Haitong Tang
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shouyun Du
- Department of Neurology, Guanyun People's Hospital, Guanyun, China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- Health Science Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nizhuan Wang
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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