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Rouhollahi A, Rismanian M, Ebrahimi A, Ilegbusi OJ, Nezami FR. Prediction of directional solidification in freeze casting of biomaterial scaffolds using physics-informed neural networks. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:065023. [PMID: 39260383 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Freeze casting, a manufacturing technique widely applied in biomedical fields for fabricating biomaterial scaffolds, poses challenges for predicting directional solidification due to its highly nonlinear behavior and complex interplay of process parameters. Conventional numerical methods, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), require adequate and accurate boundary condition knowledge, limiting their utility in real-world transient solidification applications due to technical limitations. In this study, we address this challenge by developing a physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) model to predict directional solidification in freeze-casting processes. The PINNs model integrates physical constraints with neural network predictions, requiring significantly fewer predetermined boundary conditions compared to CFD. Through a comparison with CFD simulations, the PINNs model demonstrates comparable accuracy in predicting temperature distribution and solidification patterns. This promising model achieves such a performance with only 5000 data points in space and time, equivalent to 250,000 timesteps, showcasing its ability to predict solidification dynamics with high accuracy. The study's major contributions lie in providing insights into solidification patterns during freeze-casting scaffold fabrication, facilitating the design of biomaterial scaffolds with finely tuned microstructures essential for various tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the reduced computational demands of the PINNs model offer potential cost and time savings in scaffold fabrication, promising advancements in biomedical engineering research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rouhollahi
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Olusegun J Ilegbusi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Farhad R Nezami
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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2
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Leeming R, Mahmud T, Roberts KJ, George N, Webb J, Simone E, Brown CJ. Development of a Digital Twin for the Prediction and Control of Supersaturation during Batch Cooling Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:11067-11081. [PMID: 37484628 PMCID: PMC10360059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fine chemicals produced via batch crystallization with properties dependent on the crystal size distribution require precise control of supersaturation, which drives the evolution of crystal size over time. Model predictive control (MPC) of supersaturation using a mechanistic model to represent the behavior of a crystallization process requires less experimental time and resources compared with fully empirical model-based control methods. Experimental characterization of the hexamine-ethanol crystallization system was performed in order to collect the parameters required to build a one-dimensional (1D) population balance model (PBM) in gPROMS FormulatedProducts software (Siemens-PSE Ltd.). Analysis of the metastable zone width (MSZW) and a series of seeded batch cooling crystallizations informed the suitable process conditions selected for supersaturation control experiments. The gPROMS model was integrated with the control software PharmaMV (Perceptive Engineering Ltd.) to create a digital twin of the crystallizer. Simulated batch crystallizations were used to train two statistical MPC blocks, allowing for in silico supersaturation control simulations to develop an effective control strategy. In the supersaturation set-point range of 0.012-0.036, the digital twin displayed excellent performance that would require minimal controller tuning to steady out any instabilities. The MPC strategy was implemented on a physical 500 mL crystallizer, with the simulated solution concentration replaced by in situ measurements from calibrated attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Physical supersaturation control performance was slightly more unstable than the in silico tests, which is consistent with expected disturbances to the heat transfer, which were not specifically modeled in simulations. Overall, the level of supersaturation control in a real crystallizer was found to be accurate and precise enough to consider future adaptations to the MPC strategy for more advanced control objectives, such as the crystal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Leeming
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Tariq Mahmud
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Neil George
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | | | - Elena Simone
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Cameron J. Brown
- CMAC
Future Manufacturing Research Hub, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
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3
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Inapakurthi RK, Naik SS, Mitra K. Toward Faster Operational Optimization of Cascaded MSMPR Crystallizers Using Multiobjective Support Vector Regression. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi kiran Inapakurthi
- Global Optimization and Knowledge Unearthing Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Sakshi Sushant Naik
- Global Optimization and Knowledge Unearthing Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Kishalay Mitra
- Global Optimization and Knowledge Unearthing Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
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Szilágyi B, Eren A, Quon JL, Papageorgiou CD, Nagy ZK. Monitoring and digital design of the cooling crystallization of a high-aspect ratio anticancer drug using a two-dimensional population balance model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Evolutionary neural architecture search for surrogate models to enable optimization of industrial continuous crystallization process. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Wu Y, Rohani S. A new highly efficient and stable population array (PA) algorithm to solve multi-dimension population balance equation. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Danko M, Labovský J, Jelemenský Ľ. Model based hazard identification: Process time accelerated by GPU redesigning approach. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.107129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Öner M, Montes FC, Ståhlberg T, Stocks SM, Bajtner JE, Sin G. Comprehensive evaluation of a data driven control strategy: Experimental application to a pharmaceutical crystallization process. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Sampat C, Baranwal Y, Ramachandran R. Accelerating multi-dimensional population balance model simulations via a highly scalable framework using GPUs. Comput Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Tyl G, Bałdyga J, Bouaifi M, Jasińska M. Population balance approach to model Ostwald ripening of silica using Gram – Charlier series expansion based closure. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Mészáros LA, Galata DL, Madarász L, Köte Á, Csorba K, Dávid ÁZ, Domokos A, Szabó E, Nagy B, Marosi G, Farkas A, Nagy ZK. Digital UV/VIS imaging: A rapid PAT tool for crushing strength, drug content and particle size distribution determination in tablets. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Santos FP, Lage PLC, Favero JL, Senocak I. GPU‐accelerated simulation of polydisperse multiphase flows using dual‐quadrature‐based moment methods. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio P. Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo L. C. Lage
- Programa de Engenharia Química — COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Jovani L. Favero
- Programa de Engenharia Química — COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Inanc Senocak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Attarakih M, Bart HJ, Abu-Khader M. On the solution of the population balance equation: From global to local constrained maximum entropy method. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Effect of Mold Geometry on Pore Size in Freeze-Cast Chitosan-Alginate Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:1090-1102. [PMID: 31654152 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-casting is a popular method to produce biomaterial scaffolds with highly porous structures. The pore structure of freeze-cast biomaterial scaffolds is influenced by processing parameters but has mostly been controlled experimentally. A mathematical model integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics with Population Balance Model was developed to predict average pore size (APS) of 3D porous chitosan-alginate scaffolds and to assess the influence of the geometrical parameters of mold on scaffold pore structure. The model predicted the crystallization pattern and APS for scaffolds cast in different diameter molds and filled to different heights. The predictions demonstrated that the temperature gradient and solidification pattern affect ice crystal nucleation and growth, subsequently influencing APS homogeneity. The predicted APS compared favorably with APS measurements from a corresponding experimental dataset, validating the model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the response of the APS to the three geometrical parameters of the mold: well radius; solution fill height; and spacing between wells. The pore size was most sensitive to the distance between the wells and least sensitive to solution height. This validated model demonstrates a method for optimizing the APS of freeze-cast biomaterial scaffolds that could be applied to other compositions or applications.
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Szilagyi B, Nagy ZK. Model-based analysis and quality-by-design framework for high aspect ratio crystals in crystallizer-wet mill systems using GPU acceleration enabled optimization. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Wu Q, Xi Y, Nagy Z, Li D. Economic optimization in transient processes for model predictive control with a dynamic reference trajectory. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Experimental implementation of a Quality-by-Control (QbC) framework using a mechanistic PBM-based nonlinear model predictive control involving chord length distribution measurement for the batch cooling crystallization of l-ascorbic acid. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Costa LI, Storti G, Lazzari S. Solution of population balance equations by logarithmic shape preserving interpolation on finite elements. Comput Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Szilágyi B, Agachi PŞ, Nagy ZK. Chord Length Distribution Based Modeling and Adaptive Model Predictive Control of Batch Crystallization Processes Using High Fidelity Full Population Balance Models. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Botond Szilágyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leichestershire Le11 3TU, United Kingdom
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street 1, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Paul Şerban Agachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street 1, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
- Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Zoltán K. Nagy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leichestershire Le11 3TU, United Kingdom
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
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Simone E, Szilagyi B, Nagy Z. Systematic model identification and optimization-based active polymorphic control of crystallization processes. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Wang T, Lu H, Wang J, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Bao Y, Hao H. Recent progress of continuous crystallization. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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