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Wei Q, Chen C, Ma HP, Liu T, Liu B, Wang TX, Zhang S, Yang DH, Lv WJ, Wang HL. On the FT-ICR mass spectrometry analysis of dissolved organic matter released by adsorbent during coal chemical wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175660. [PMID: 39168341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by adsorbent during wastewater treatment. It was found that the adsorption method resulted in an organic removal efficiency of over 97 % for coal-to-olefin (CTO) wastewater, with the lowest value of 15.7 mg/L. The Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) detected 4111 DOM in the wastewater, 4052 remaining DOM after first-stage anthracite (ANC) adsorption, and 1013 after second-stage macroporous adsorption resin (MAR). The removal degree of lipids in wastewater was the highest, followed by aliphatic/amino-acid/mini-peptides and lignin. During the adsorption process, the proportion of halogenated compounds (HCs) declined from 59.86 % to 38.63 % and 21.67 %. Additionally, freshly produced 2035 and 311 DOMs were found in the adsorption effluent of ANC and MAR, respectively, with HCs accounting for 34.71 % and 67.96 %. Upon flowing ultra-pure water through ANC and MAR, the effluent dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranges were 1.118-3.574 mg/L and 1.014-2.557 mg/L, respectively. There were 159 and 131 species of DOM detected, respectively, with HCs content of 59.06 % and 45.02 %. Comparative experiments revealed the complex components of the wastewater promoting the release of organic matter on the adsorbent surface that further reacted to generate organic matter. However, fewer substances were released by the adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Cai Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hong-Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaan Xi 710072, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Methanol to Olefins Center, Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Yan'an Energy Chemical Co., Ltd., Shaan Xi 727500, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Tian-Xiang Wang
- Methanol to Olefins Center, Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Yan'an Energy Chemical Co., Ltd., Shaan Xi 727500, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Methanol to Olefins Center, Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Yan'an Energy Chemical Co., Ltd., Shaan Xi 727500, China
| | - Dan-Hui Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wen-Jie Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Hua-Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Li J, Peng L, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li M, Xie K. Technological progress and coupling renewables enable substantial environmental and economic benefits from coal-to-olefins. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120225. [PMID: 38330837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
China's growing demand for bulk chemicals and concerns regarding energy security are scaling up coal-to-olefins (CTO) production. Three generations of independent dimethyl ether/methanol-to-olefins technologies have been successively launched with greatly improved production efficiencies. However, to date, widespread concerns regarding the intensive environmental impacts and potential economic risks have not been addressed in the context of this industrialization. Here we show that, through the technological progress from the first to the third generation, life cycle energy consumption, water consumption, and carbon emissions can be reduced to 119.5 GJ/t, 27.6 t/t, and 9.1 t CO2-eq/t, respectively, and human health damage, ecosystem quality damage, and resource scarcity impacts can be decreased by 40.5 %, 50.1 %, and 16.4 %, respectively. This is accompanied by an excellent performance in terms of production cost, net present value, and internal return rate at 792.5 USD/t, 173.4 USD/t, and 19.4 %, respectively. Substantial environmental and economic benefits can be gained by coupling renewables in the form of using green hydrogen from solar and wind power to synthesize methanol. Particularly, life cycle carbon emissions and resource scarcity impacts are reduced by 23.4 % and 22.4 %, respectively, exceeding the reduction in technological progress. However, coupling renewables increases the life cycle energy consumption to 154.5 GJ/t, counteracting the benefits of technological progress. Our results highlight the importance of technological progress and coupled renewables for enhancing the sustainability of the CTO industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yulong Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yirong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Menggang Li
- National Academy of Economic Security, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Laboratory of National Economic Security Early-warning Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kechang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
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3
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Approaches to Carbon Emission Reductions and Technology in China’s Chemical Industry to Achieve Carbon Neutralization. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on China’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060, this study focused on its coal gasification in 2010–2019. Carbon emissions were calculated from industrial data, and an LMDt model was established to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions. Through scenario analysis, the paths of carbon emission reductions in the chemical industry were analyzed, and their emission reduction potential was estimated. The results showed that the carbon emissions in the chemical industry increased rapidly in 2010–2019, reaching 196 million tons in 2019. The emission structure was the most important factor in mitigating carbon emissions, and the emission intensity, industrial structure, economic development level, and labor force scale had different degrees of promotion effects, of which emission intensity was the strongest. The chemical industry can reach a carbon peak before 2030 under the three analyzed scenarios, and the emission reduction potential is the largest under the landing policy scenario. The results showed that carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS) technology is key for carbon emission reductions and that it is necessary to adjust the industrial structure, reduce emission intensity, and increase forest carbon sink to achieve carbon neutrality in the chemical industry.
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4
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Brovko RV, Sul’man MG, Lakina NV, Doluda VY. Conversion of Methanol to Olefins: State-of-the-Art and Prospects for Development. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050422010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Reznichenko A, Harlin A. Next generation of polyolefin plastics: improving sustainability with existing and novel feedstock base. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-04991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this account, we present an overview of existing and emerging olefin production technologies, comparing them from the standpoint of carbon intensity, efficiency, feedstock type and availability. Olefins are indispensable feedstock for manufacture of polyolefin plastics and other base chemicals. Current methods of olefin production are associated with significant CO2 emissions and almost entirely rely of fossil feedstock. In order to assess potential alternatives, technical and economic maturity of six principal olefin production routes are compared in this paper. Coal (brown), oil and gas (grey), biomass (green), recycled plastic (pink) as well as carbon capture and storage (purple) and carbon capture and utilization (blue) technologies are considered. We conclude that broader adoption of biomass based “green” feedstock and introduction of recycled plastic based olefins may lead to reduced carbon footprint, however adoption of best available technologies and introduction of electrocracking to existing fossil-based “grey” olefin manufacture process can be the way to achieve highest impact most rapidly. Adoption of Power-to-X approaches to olefins starting from biogenic or atmospheric CO2 and renewable H2 can lead to ultimately carbon–neutral “blue” olefins in the long term, however substantial development and additional regulatory incentives are necessary to make the solution economically viable.
Article highlights
In this account, we introduce a color coding scheme to differentiate and compare carbon intensity and feedstock types for some of the main commercial and emerging olefin production routes.
Most viable short term improvements in CO2 emissions of olefin production will be achieved by discouraging “brown” coal based production and improving efficiency of “grey” oil and gas based processes.
Gradual incorporation of green and recycled feedstock to existing olefin production assets will allow to achieve substantial improvements in carbon efficiency in longer term.
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Liu B, Wei Q, Ma H, Chen L, Chang Y, Chen J, Dai L, Sun Y, Lu H, Wang H, Lv W. Cooperative physical separation of oil and suspended solids from methanol-to-olefin wastewater: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114841. [PMID: 35278919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methanol-to-olefin (MTO) is an important non-petroleum chemical process for the preparation of light olefins. However, the MTO process consumes copious amounts of water and produces large amounts of untreated effluent. Therefore, the realization of efficient wastewater treatment and recycling is key to the green low-carbon development of MTO. Here, a cooperative process combining swirl regenerating micro-channel separation (SRMS) and combined fibrous coalescence (CFC) technologies was proposed to separate high contents of oil and suspended matter in MTO wastewater. Using a pilot device with a treatment capacity of 1 m3/h, the average oil content in MTO wastewater decreased from 750 mg/L to <30 mg/L, while the average content of suspended matter decreased from 108 mg/L to <15 mg/L. Compared with a commercial MTO wastewater treatment process (olefin production capacity of 0.6 million tons per annum), the proposed method could reduce wastewater discharges and costs by 57% and US$ 0.23 million per annum respectively. Equipment costs and operational energy consumption were also reduced by 30% and >95% respectively. The combined process may provide the basis for the green and sustainable treatment of MTO wastewater and its recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qi Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongpeng Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Yan'an Energy & Chemical Co.,Ltd., Yanan, 727500, China
| | - Yulong Chang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianqi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Li Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenjie Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Lv L, Song G, Zhao X, Chen J. Environmental Burdens of China's Propylene manufacturing: Comparative life-cycle assessment and scenario analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149451. [PMID: 34426341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
China's propylene feedstock shifts from oil to imported cheap propane and local coal. However, the associated environmental loads of this feedstock change have seldom been investigated for China's propylene industry. Herein, environmental impacts of the four typical propylene production routes, coal to olefin (CTO), propane dehydrogenation (PDH), steam cracking (SC), and catalytic cracking (CC) process, were compared by life-cycle-assessment (LCA) methodology. Two metrics, midpoint environmental impacts (including nine indicators) and the comprehensive index of energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER), were adopted for this evaluation. The midpoint-impact indices show the trade-offs across the nine environmental dimensions. Thus, it is not easy to rank the environmental advantage of the four production routes. The ECER indices indicate the highest environmental loads in the CTO process, followed by PDH and the comparable SC and CC routes. Raw materials consumption dominates the environmental burden generations of the PDH, SC, and CC routes. Scenario analysis shows that feedstock shift and capacity growth jointly increase the environmental burdens of China's propylene industry by 27-66% in 2025 and 60-111% in 2030, relative to the 2018 baseline. Notably, global-warming potential inevitably increases due to replacing the conventional oil-fed SC/CC capacity either by coal-fed CTO or by propane-fed PDH route. The findings suggest that the feedstock shift of the propylene industry deserves close attention to promote the environmental sustainability of the Chinese chemical manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guobao Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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8
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Puig-Gamero M, Parascanu MM, Sánchez P, Sanchez-Silva L. Olive pomace versus natural gas for methanol production: a life cycle assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30335-30350. [PMID: 33590394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand for methanol production and global competition for the use of natural resources are key issues in finding new and environmentally routes for methanol production. In this work, life cycle assessment was performed using the software SimaPro v9 to analyze the environmental impact of methanol production process from olive pomace and compare with natural gas route. The main stages considered in the methanol production from olive pomace were olive production, olive oil extraction, and methanol production. In addition, the methanol production in turn can be divided in three main processes: olive pomace gasification, syngas purification, and methanol production which were also evaluated individually. Finally, the global environmental impacts associated with the methanol production from olive pomace were compared with a conventional methanol production from natural gas. This assessment determined that the production of methanol from the olive pomace had a greater environmental impact for all the categories studied except the one related to the shortage of fossil fuels. These results were directly related to the technical performance of the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Puig-Gamero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 12 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Magdalena Parascanu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 12 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 12 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luz Sanchez-Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 12 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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9
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Jiang J, Zhang D, Feng X, Yang M, Wang Y. Process Design and Analysis of Aromatics Production from Coal via Methanol with a High Yield. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Minbo Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
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10
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Ye C, Ye Z, Zhu Z, Wang Q. Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis of Oxy-Fuel-Integrated Coal Partial Gasification Combined Cycle. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4262-4272. [PMID: 33623840 PMCID: PMC7893634 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel partial gasification combined cycle (PGCC) system integrating coal partial gasification, oxy-fuel combustion, combined cycle, and CO2 separation is proposed. The coal-CO2 partial gasification technology is introduced in the coal gasification unit, and the oxy-fuel combustion technology is employed in the char combustion unit and gas turbine (GT) unit. The thermodynamic and economic analysis of the proposed system is carried out, showing that both energy and exergy efficiency have an increasing/decreasing tendency when the recycled flue gas (RFG) ratio of char combustion and GT increase. When the RFG ratios of char combustion and GT are 0.43 and 0.34, energy and exergy efficiencies reach maximum values of 48.18 and 45.11%, respectively. The energy efficiency of the PGCC-Oxy system is higher than that of the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)-Oxy system by approximately 3%. It can be concluded from the economic analysis that the total investment on the PGCC-Oxy system is 3272.71 million RMB, and the internal rate of return (IRR) and payback time is 8.07% and 12.38 years, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Department
of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zefu Ye
- Shanxi
Gemeng US-China Clean Energy R&D Center Co. Ltd., Shanxi, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Shanxi
Gemeng US-China Clean Energy R&D Center Co. Ltd., Shanxi, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Qinhui Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310027, China
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11
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Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the literature on life cycle assessment on the ferromanganese alloy production route. The environmental impacts of raw material acquisition through the production of carbon reductants to the production of ferromanganese alloys were examined and compared. The transition from the current fossil fuel-based production to a more sustainable production route was reviewed. Besides the environmental impact, policy and socioeconomic impacts were considered due to evaluation course of differences in the production routes. Charcoal has the potential to substantially replace fossil fuel reductants in the upcoming decades. The environmental impact from current ferromanganese alloy production can be reduced by ≥20% by the charcoal produced in slow pyrolysis kilns, which can be further reduced by ≥50% for a sustainable production in high-efficient retorts. Certificated biomass can ensure a sustainable growth to avoid deforestation and acidification of the environment. Although greenhouse gas emissions from transport are low for the ferromanganese alloy production, they may increase due to the low bulk density of charcoal and the decentralized production of biomass. However, centralized charcoal retorts can provide additional by-products or biofuel and ensure better product quality for the industrial application. Further upgrading of charcoal can finally result in a CO2 neutral ferromanganese alloy production for the renewable power supply.
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12
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Goud D, Gupta R, Maligal-Ganesh R, Peter SC. Review of Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Studies for the Production of Olefins from Anthropogenic CO2. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devender Goud
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Rimzhim Gupta
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Raghu Maligal-Ganesh
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sebastian C. Peter
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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13
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Yadav P, Athanassiadis D, Yacout DMM, Tysklind M, Upadhyayula VKK. Environmental Impact and Environmental Cost Assessment of Methanol Production from wood biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114990. [PMID: 32585398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand for biofuel production and global competition for the use of natural resources are key factors in finding new and environmentally safe routes for methanol production. In the present study, life cycle assessment was used to analyse the potential environmental impact and environmental cost of a novel methanol production process from wood compared to a conventional processes. Both the novel and the conventional process were divided into three stages: pre-treatment, gasification, and syngas cleaning and methanol synthesis. The environmental impacts were assessed and compared using Simapro 9 (ecoinvent 3.5 database) and the ReCiPe 2016 (World-H) midpoint method. The results, expressed per tonne methanol, showed that the impact categories of global warming potential (GWP) and marine ecotoxicity potential were lower in the novel process in comparison to the conventional process (48.2 kg CO2 eq. vs. 63.1 kg CO2 eq., and 4.55 kg 1,4-DCB vs. 6.35 kg 1,4-DCB respectively). However, the novel process had a higher environmental impact in the pre-treatment stage. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the GWP of the novel process increased from 48.2 kg CO2 eq. to 216 kg CO2 eq. due to the replacement of Na2CO3 by K2CO3. The human toxicity impact categories showed significant impact on environmental cost. These findings will help relevant industries to reduce their environmental impact and improve the production efficiency of methanol from wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden.
| | - Dimitris Athanassiadis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden.
| | | | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden.
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14
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A Life Cycle Analysis of Deploying Coking Technology to Utilize Low-Rank Coal in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12124884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
At present, the excess capacity in China’s coke industry can be deployed to utilize some low-rank coal, replacing coking coal with potential economic gains, energy efficiency, and environmental benefits. This study presents a life cycle analysis to model these potential benefits by comparing a metallurgical coke technical pathway with technical pathways of gasification coke integrated with different chemical productions. The results show that producing gasification coke is a feasible technical pathway for the transformation and development of the coke industry. However, its economic feasibility depends on the price of cokes and coals. The gasification coke production has higher energy consumption and CO2 emissions because of its lower coke yield. Generally speaking, using gasification coke to produce F-T oils has higher economic benefits than producing methanol, but has lower energy efficiency and higher carbon emissions.
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15
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Life cycle analysis of coal-based synthetic natural gas for heat supply and electricity generation in China. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nasser ALH, EL-Naggar H, Abdelmoneim A. Utilizing FBR to produce olefins from CO reduction using Fe–Mn nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide catalysts and comparing the performance with SBR. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42415-42423. [PMID: 35558394 PMCID: PMC9092152 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mn was used as a promoter for Fe nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The prepared catalysts were the unpromoted Fe/rGO catalysts along with two Mn promoted catalysts FeMn16 and FeMn29. These catalysts were used as Fischer–Tropsch catalysts in a Fixed Bed Reactor (FBR). The operating conditions of the reactor, namely temperature, pressure and space velocity, were varied to evaluate the catalyst performance and the olefin productivity. The olefins were produced in maximum yields of 34.5% and 31.3% with FeMn29 at 320 and 340 °C respectively. The ratio of light to heavy olefins was three times higher at 340 °C. The catalysts showed good stability up to 50 h of interrupted operation while varying the conditions at each interruption. The performance of the catalysts in the FBR was compared with a previous investigation carried out in an SBR under identical conditions with the same catalysts. The FBR was found to be more Mn tolerant than the SBR, giving very high conversion activity with high Mn concentrations (FeMn29). The FBR produced olefins in much higher yields than the SBR. The SBR was more selective to light olefins at low temperatures and high Mn loading levels, while the FBR produced light olefins at higher selectivities at high temperatures and high Mn concentrations. Producing olefin rich products from the FTS reaction in both FBR and SBR reactors using Fe–Mn/rGO catalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- AL-Hassan Nasser
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
- New Borg El-Arab
- Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department
| | - Hamada EL-Naggar
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
- New Borg El-Arab
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
- New Borg El-Arab
- Egypt
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Nasser ALH, Guo L, ELnaggar H, Wang Y, Guo X, AbdelMoneim A, Tsubaki N. Mn–Fe nanoparticles on a reduced graphene oxide catalyst for enhanced olefin production from syngas in a slurry reactor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14854-14863. [PMID: 35541361 PMCID: PMC9079964 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe nanoparticles (NPs) supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nano-sheets were promoted with Mn and used for the production of light olefins in Fischer–Tropsch reactions carried out in a slurry bed reactor (SBR). The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) methods. Mn was shown to preferentially migrate to the Fe NP surface, forming a Mn-rich shell encapsulating a core rich in Fe. The Mn shell regulated the diffusion of molecules to and from the catalyst core, and preserved the metallic Fe phase by lowering magnetite formation and carburization, so decreasing water gas shift reaction (WGSR) activity and CO conversion, respectively. Furthermore, the Mn shell reduced H2 adsorption and increased CO dissociative adsorption which enhanced olefin selectivity by limiting hydrogenation reactions. Modification of the Mn shell thickness regulated the catalytic activity and olefin selectivity. Simultaneously the weak metal–support interaction further increased the migration ability owing to the utilization of a graphene-based support. Space velocities, pressures and operating temperatures were also tested in the reactor to further enhance light olefin production. A balanced Mn shell thickness produced with a Mn concentration of 16 mol Mn/100 mol Fe was found to give a good olefin yield of 19% with an olefin/paraffin (O/P) ratio of 0.77. Higher Mn concentrations shielded the active sites and reduced the conversion dramatically, causing a fall in olefin production. The optimum operating conditions were found to be 300 °C, 2 MPa and 4.2 L g−1 h−1 of 1 : 1 H2 : CO syngas flow; these gave the olefin yield of 19%. Mn acted as a promoter by forming a Mn-rich layer around a core rich in Fe. The outer layer hindered the formation of magnetite, and impeded H2 adsorption whilst encouraging CO dissociative adsorption, which gave the perfect conditions for olefin production.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- AL-Hassan Nasser
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
- New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934
- Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department
| | - Lisheng Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- University of Toyama
- Toyama city
- Japan
| | - Hamada ELnaggar
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
- New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934
- Egypt
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- University of Toyama
- Toyama city
- Japan
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- University of Toyama
- Toyama city
- Japan
| | - Ahmed AbdelMoneim
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
- New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934
- Egypt
| | - Noritatsu Tsubaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- University of Toyama
- Toyama city
- Japan
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