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Pinna F, Suprani F, Paribello P, Milia P, Sanna L, Manchia M, Boi G, Pes A, Lai L, Deiana V, Lostia di Santa Sofia S, Puddu L, Fatteri F, Ghiani A, Lai A, Carpiniello B. Food and Alcohol Disturbance in High School Adolescents: Prevalence, Characteristics and Association with Problem Drinking and Eating Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:83. [PMID: 38248546 PMCID: PMC10815297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is characterized by the association of alcohol use with compensatory behaviors such as restricting calories, physical activity and purging. Despite not being part of the current nosography, research has grown in the past 10 years, mostly on college students' samples. In this study, we aim to describe the prevalence, characteristics and association of FAD with problem drinking (PD) and eating disorder risk (EDR) in a sample of Italian high school students. Participants were 900 high school students (53.6% males; mean age = 16.22) that were administered standardized questionnaires. Students who screened positive for PD, EDR and both were, respectively, 17.3%, 5.9% and 1.3%. Approximately one out four students reported FAD behaviors, mostly to control weight and by restricting calories, with higher prevalence and severity among those who screened positive for PD. Purging behaviors were rare overall (15.5%), but significantly more frequent in participants who screened positive for both PD and EDR (41.7%). FAD was more strongly associated with alcohol use severity than with ED symptom severity across all subgroups. FAD behaviors appear to be common in the Italian high school population and more strongly associated with PD. Future studies should investigate FAD's impact on adolescents' functioning and possible early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Federico Suprani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Paola Milia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Lucia Sanna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Graziella Boi
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASL Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annadele Pes
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASL Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorena Lai
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Valeria Deiana
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Silvia Lostia di Santa Sofia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Laura Puddu
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Francesca Fatteri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Alice Ghiani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Alice Lai
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
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Hovrud L, Simons R, Simons J, Korkow J. Non-suicidal self-injury and bulimia: the role of emotion dysregulation and body dissatisfaction. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1089-1097. [PMID: 31292855 PMCID: PMC7399667 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk factors of negative affect, body dissatisfaction, distress tolerance, and negative urgency are independently associated with bulimia symptoms and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, relationships of these risk factors within comorbid presentations are not fully understood. The current study examined specific roles of these risk factors within this relationship. METHODS An at-risk community sample of young adults (N = 429) completed an online survey of negative affect, body dissatisfaction, distress tolerance, negative urgency, bulimia symptoms, and NSSI. RESULTS A hypothesized path model was a good fit to the data. Results indicated direct paths from body dissatisfaction, negative urgency, and distress tolerance to bulimia symptoms. Negative urgency, distress tolerance, and bulimia symptoms were directly associated with NSSI. Consistent with hypotheses, distress tolerance and negative urgency acted as vulnerability factors, increasing the strength of associations between bulimia symptoms and NSSI. Distress tolerance also strengthened associations between negative urgency and NSSI. In addition to the direct effect, negative urgency was indirectly associated with NSSI via body dissatisfaction bulimia. Hypothesized indirect effects through distress tolerance were not supported. CONCLUSIONS Results support etiological models of bulimia and NSSI, and suggest deficits in emotion regulation strengthen risk of comorbid presentations. Furthermore, individuals with greater impulsivity and difficulty tolerating distress are at increased risk of engaging in both bulimia behaviors and NSSI, providing targets for clinical intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Hovrud
- University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St, South Dakota Union Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
| | - Raluca Simons
- University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St, South Dakota Union Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Jeffrey Simons
- University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St, South Dakota Union Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - John Korkow
- University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St, South Dakota Union Building, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
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Cruwys T, Norwood R, Chachay VS, Ntontis E, Sheffield J. "An Important Part of Who I am": The Predictors of Dietary Adherence among Weight-Loss, Vegetarian, Vegan, Paleo, and Gluten-Free Dietary Groups. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040970. [PMID: 32244576 PMCID: PMC7231009 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight-loss diets are notorious for their low adherence, which is a barrier to efforts to reduce population rates of overweight and obesity. However, there is some evidence that adherence is better among people on other kinds of diets, such as vegan and gluten free. This study aimed to explore the predictors of dietary adherence across five restrictive dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian, paleo, gluten free, and weight loss). This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods among 292 adult community members who were following a restrictive dietary pattern. Personality, mental health, and motivational predictors of adherence were examined. Substantial differences in adherence were found between dietary groups, with vegans and vegetarians being particularly high in adherence and gluten-free and weight-loss dieters being comparably low. Four consistent predictors of adherence across different dietary patterns were supported in both the quantitative and qualitative analyses. Self-efficacy and social identification with one's dietary group positively predicted adherence. Conversely, being motivated in one's dietary choices by mood or by weight control negatively predicted adherence. These findings speak to the importance of social and motivational factors in determining adherence. The results also illustrate the utility of looking beyond weight-loss dieters and virtuous individual traits for insights into how adherence may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6125-5023
| | - Rebecca Norwood
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia; (R.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Veronique S. Chachay
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Evangelos Ntontis
- School of Psychology, Politics, and Sociology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, Kent, UK;
| | - Jeanie Sheffield
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia; (R.N.); (J.S.)
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Norwood R, Cruwys T, Chachay VS, Sheffield J. The psychological characteristics of people consuming vegetarian, vegan, paleo, gluten free and weight loss dietary patterns. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:148-158. [PMID: 31019732 PMCID: PMC6469437 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has identified several psychological factors associated with dietary restriction but has focused almost exclusively on the subcategory of people following a weight loss diet. Little is known about the psychological factors associated with other kinds of restrictive dietary patterns. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the identified psychological characteristics of dieters (e.g. elevated disordered eating behaviours, poor well-being) are a cause of dieting, follow from calorie restriction or are the result of cognitive restraint. METHODS This study conducted the first direct comparison of people (N = 393) following five different restrictive dietary patterns (vegetarian, vegan, gluten free, paleo and weight loss) as well as a comparison group who were not following a specific dietary pattern. RESULTS The weight loss group had more negative psychological characteristics than all other groups, reporting the highest levels of eating disorder symptoms (M = 1.50), food cravings (M = 69.39), emotional eating (M = 2.97) and negative affect (M = 19.72). By contrast, several of the other restrictive dietary groups showed a number of psychological strengths, relative to the comparison group. This was particularly apparent among the paleo group, who reported the lowest levels of eating disorder symptoms (M = 0.74), food cravings (M = 47.63), emotional eating (M = 2.30) and negative affect (M = 14.81). By contrast, people following vegetarian and gluten free diets were largely the same as the non-restricted comparison group in their psychological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS People adhering to different dietary patterns showed stark differences in their psychological characteristics. Indeed, some restrictive dietary patterns (paleo and vegan) were associated with more positive psychological characteristics than seen in an unrestricted comparison group. This suggests that the psychological risk factors seen in weight loss dieters are not attributable to a restrictive dietary regimen per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Norwood
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - T. Cruwys
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Research School of PsychologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - V. S. Chachay
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - J. Sheffield
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Drieberg H, McEvoy PM, Hoiles KJ, Shu CY, Egan SJ. An examination of direct, indirect and reciprocal relationships between perfectionism, eating disorder symptoms, anxiety, and depression in children and adolescents with eating disorders. Eat Behav 2019; 32:53-59. [PMID: 30594108 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic factor across eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. Previous research has shown anxiety mediates the relationship between perfectionism and eating disorders in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between anxiety/depression, perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with eating disorders. METHOD Structural equation modeling was used to investigate three models in a clinical sample of children and adolescents (N = 231, M age = 14.5, 100% female): (1) anxiety and depression as mediators of the relationship between perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms, (2) eating disorder symptoms as a mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and anxiety and/or depression, and (3) perfectionism as a mediator of the relationship between anxiety/depression and eating disorders. RESULTS Results indicated that both models 1 and 2 fit the data well, while model 3 provided a poor fit. These findings suggest that in clinical populations of children and adolescents, anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms, and there is also a reciprocal relationship whereby eating disorders mediate the association between perfectionism, and anxiety and/or depression. DISCUSSION The results highlight the importance of further research to determine whether targeting perfectionism is helpful in the treatment of eating disorders and comorbid anxiety and depression in young people. It would be useful for clinicians to consider assessing for and treating perfectionism directly when it is elevated in children and adolescents with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haans Drieberg
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter M McEvoy
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Australia
| | - Kimberley J Hoiles
- Eating Disorders Program, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia.
| | - Chloe Y Shu
- Eating Disorders Program, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah J Egan
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Jin SV, Ryu E, Muqaddam A. Dieting 2.0!: Moderating effects of Instagrammers' body image and Instafame on other Instagrammers’ dieting intention. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Jin SV. Interactive Effects of Instagram Foodies' Hashtagged #Foodporn and Peer Users' Eating Disorder on Eating Intention, Envy, Parasocial Interaction, and Online Friendship. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018; 21:157-167. [PMID: 29638155 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Drawing from social comparison theory, parasocial interaction (PSI) theory, and the literature on envy, a randomized experiment addressed the dynamics of body image, fame, and envy in the context of foodies' foodporn posting on Instagram. Using a 2 (foodie's body type: fat vs. thin) × 2 (foodie's Instagram popularity: unpopular vs. popular) between-subjects design, this experiment (N = 141) examined the effects of an Instagram foodie's body shape and popularity level on peer Instagram users' eating intention, envy, and PSI with the Instagram foodie. The results showed main effects of an Instagram foodie's body shape on peer users' eating intention, and moderating effects of users' self-esteem, body mass index, perfectionism, anorexia, and bulimia nervosa. Additionally, envy mediated the effects of the Instagram foodie's body shape and popularity on peer users' PSI with the foodie and intention to build an Instagram-based friendship. Theoretical contributions to the literature on social comparison and eating disorder and practical implications for fitspiration and social media-based health interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunga Venus Jin
- School of Business, Sejong University , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Lichtenstein MB, Hemmingsen SD, Støving RK. Identification of eating disorder symptoms in Danish adolescents with the SCOFF questionnaire. Nord J Psychiatry 2017; 71:340-347. [PMID: 28290749 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders often develop in adolescence and, therefore, instruments are needed that are useful to detect risk behaviour in young people. The SCOFF is a 5-item screening instrument, named SCOFF as an acronym of keywords from the questions. It has been used widely in adult samples, but studies that evaluate the scale in adolescents are missing. AIMS The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the SCOFF in adolescents aged 11-20 years and for the first time validate the questionnaire in Danish. METHODS A total of 184 adolescents completed the Danish version of the SCOFF and sub-scales from the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-3). The sample consisted of 87 patients (mean age = 16) from a specialized eating disorder department in the Region of Southern Denmark and 97 healthy adolescents (mean age = 17) from Danish primary and high schools. RESULTS It was found that the reliability of the SCOFF was acceptable, and that cut-off 2 is useful to detect those with potential eating disorder pathology. Item 3 (weight loss) correlated poorly with EDI-3 sub-scales and might be reformulated by addressing the intentionality behind weight loss (due to unhappiness with body) rather than a specific amount of weight loss (1 stone), because this could have somatic reasons. CONCLUSIONS The SCOFF is a very easily applicable questionnaire, which may fulfil the necessary psychometric properties for detection of ED symptoms in Danish adolescents. Before general screening can be recommended, conditions regarding benefits and potential adverse effects still remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- a Centre for Telepsychiatry, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Department of Psychology , University of Southern Denmark , Denmark
| | - Simone Daugaard Hemmingsen
- b Nutrition Clinic, Centre for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Psychiatric Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Research Unit of Medical Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research , University of Southern Denmark , Denmark
| | - René Klinkby Støving
- c Nutrition Clinic, Centre for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Psychiatric Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Research Unit of Medical Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research , University of Southern Denmark , Denmark
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Mustelin L, Kärkkäinen U, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A. The Eating Disorder Inventory in the screening for DSM-5 binge eating disorder. Eat Behav 2016; 22:145-148. [PMID: 27289520 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed whether the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) is suitable for screening binge eating disorder (BED) in young women. METHOD Young women (N=2825) from the 1975-79 birth cohorts of Finnish twins were assessed by questionnaires, including subscales of the EDI. For a subset of women (N=548), we established DSM-5 diagnoses of BED; 16 women had lifetime BED. We compared screening properties of the EDI scales using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, determined optimal cutoff points, and calculated sensitivities and specificities. RESULTS The best screen for DSM-5 BED was the global score of three subscales (Bulimia, Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86. Its sensitivity was 87% and specificity 76% at cutoff ≥21. Three individual subscales had acceptable screening properties: Bulimia (AUC 0.83; sensitivity 80%, specificity 78% at cutoff ≥2), Drive For Thinness (AUC 0.82; sensitivity 87%, specificity 72% at cutoff ≥7), and Body Dissatisfaction (AUC 0.81; sensitivity 93%, specificity 60% at cutoff ≥8). CONCLUSION The EDI performed well as a screening tool for BED in our community-based sample of young twin women. Future studies should assess its value in other populations and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mustelin
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ulla Kärkkäinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Beilharz FL, Atkins KJ, Duncum AJF, Mundy ME. Altering Visual Perception Abnormalities: A Marker for Body Image Concern. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151933. [PMID: 27003715 PMCID: PMC4803197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The body image concern (BIC) continuum ranges from a healthy and positive body image, to clinical diagnoses of abnormal body image, like body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). BDD and non-clinical, yet high-BIC participants have demonstrated a local visual processing bias, characterised by reduced inversion effects. To examine whether this bias is a potential marker of BDD, the visual processing of individuals across the entire BIC continuum was examined. Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ; quantified BIC) scores were expected to correlate with higher discrimination accuracy and faster reaction times of inverted stimuli, indicating reduced inversion effects (occurring due to increased local visual processing). Additionally, an induced global or local processing bias via Navon stimulus presentation was expected to alter these associations. Seventy-four participants completed the DCQ and upright-inverted face and body stimulus discrimination task. Moderate positive associations were revealed between DCQ scores and accuracy rates for inverted face and body stimuli, indicating a graded local bias accompanying increases in BIC. This relationship supports a local processing bias as a marker for BDD, which has significant assessment implications. Furthermore, a moderate negative relationship was found between DCQ score and inverted face accuracy after inducing global processing, indicating the processing bias can temporarily be reversed in high BIC individuals. Navon stimuli were successfully able to alter the visual processing of individuals across the BIC continuum, which has important implications for treating BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L. Beilharz
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly J. Atkins
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna J. F. Duncum
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Mundy
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Development and validity of a very short form of the Eating Disorder Inventory. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 65:141-9. [PMID: 26774003 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main objective of the present series of studies was to develop and validate a 16-item very short form of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-VS) for use as a short assessment tool in large-scale comprehensive or longitudinal studies, as well as in-depth idiographic studies. METHOD The EDI-VS was developed, and validated, through a series of five studies based on independent community samples including a total of 1372 French adolescents. RESULTS The results supported the reliability, content validity, factor validity, convergent validity, and criterion-related validity of the EDI-VS. CONCLUSIONS The EDI-VS comprises 16 items assessing the eight original dimensions of the conceptual model for the EDI. Recommendations for future practice and research on the EDI-VS are outlined.
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MARTINSEN MARIANNE, HOLME INGAR, PENSGAARD ANNEMARTE, TORSTVEIT MONICAKLUNGLAND, SUNDGOT-BORGEN JORUNN. The Development of the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1666-75. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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