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Weissman RS, Martin-Wagar CA, Attaway S, Penwell T, Hogan A, Pruscino I. Taking Steps Toward a Consensus on Night Eating Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 39431409 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night eating syndrome (NES) is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 5th edition, as an example of "Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders" with minimal guidance about how to define and operationalize NES. The literature suggests that research practices vary widely, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the public health burden of, effective interventions for, or policy implications relevant to NES. This Forum article seeks to illustrate the lack of definitional agreement to underscore the need for a consensus about NES diagnostic criteria, and to propose steps toward closing knowledge gaps and achieving consensus. METHOD We searched PubMed and PsycINFO titles and abstracts, using "NES" as the search term, for research articles published in English between January 1, 2013 to August 12, 2024 with sample sizes of NES > 10 and ages 18 or older. Eligible articles were coded for NES definitions and assessment method used to diagnose participants with NES and for information about comorbidity of NES and any other eating disorder (ED). RESULTS Seventy-three articles met inclusion criteria. Most commonly, NES was diagnosed using a diagnostic criteria set (35/73) or a symptom score threshold (34/73); among the former, only eight studies employed DSM-5 NES criteria. Thirteen studies, varying widely in methodology, examined comorbidity with other EDs, most commonly binge-eating disorder where comorbidity was high. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity of definitions and assessment impede progress in the study of NES. We propose strategies for developing a consensus definition and addressing research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Attaway
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Taylor Penwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Ava Hogan
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isabella Pruscino
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
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Sahrin S, Banna MHA, Hamiduzzaman M, Gbordzoe NI, Disu TR, Akter S, Mouly HA, Hasan MMM, Brazendale K. Night Eating Syndrome Among University Students in Bangladesh: Investigation of Prevalence and Associated Factors. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70118. [PMID: 39444104 PMCID: PMC11499212 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Night eating syndrome (NES) has been associated with psychological issues and academic performance among university students in several countries, yet research on NES in Bangladesh remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with NES among university students in the country. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 500 students from five public universities in Bangladesh. A validated 14-item night eating questionnaire was used to assess NES as the outcome variable. Demographic factors, depressive symptoms measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and internet addiction levels measured via Orman's Internet Addiction Survey (OIAS) were explored as predictor variables. A multiple binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the correlation of NES and its associated factors, with results presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and level of significance set at p values < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of NES among participants was 16.6% (mean age = 21.6 years, 53.6% male). Adjusted binary logistic regression revealed that male participants (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.09-3.74, p = 0.024), smoking (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.02-4.44, p = 0.044), depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.26-3.72, p = 0.005), and severe internet addiction (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.28-5.62, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing NES. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need for heightened healthy eating awareness programs along with targeted mental health interventions with students attending Bangladeshi universities. Further research that explores longitudinal patterns of NES and the risk factors addressed in this study is warranted to better understand and inform the development of future interventions to benefit the Bangladeshi university student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaia Sahrin
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencePatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | - Md. Hasan Al Banna
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencePatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | | | - Newton I. Gbordzoe
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyFamily Health University, TeshieAccraGhana
| | | | - Shammy Akter
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological SciencesIslamic UniversityKushtiaBangladesh
| | | | - M. M. Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencePatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
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Abed MT, Sayyed E, Yamak O, Abdoh Q, Badrasawi M. The association between night eating syndrome and GERD symptoms among university students at An-Najah National University in Palestine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:169. [PMID: 38760691 PMCID: PMC11100070 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night eating syndrome (NES) is a kind of eating disorder. NES association with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms among university students is still not fully understood. We aimed to determine the relationship between NES and the presence of GERD symptoms among university students at An-Najah National University in Palestine. METHODS This study involved undergraduate students from An-Najah National University. The data were collected through online surveys from November to December 2023. The sampling frame involved voluntary sampling, as the data were collected using a structured questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic variables, medical history, lifestyle habits, nutritional status, GERD risk, and NES. The GERD questionnaire (GerdQ) was used to assess symptoms, while the Arabic version of the validated Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) was used to assess night eating. Physical activity was assessed using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SF-IPAQ), and adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated Arabic version of the MEDAS. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were also conducted to assess the study hypotheses. RESULTS The study involved 554 participants, 59.9% female. A total of 33.4% reported GERD symptoms, with 10.3% having NES. A strong association was observed between GERD and NES and between GERD and physical activity. Night eating syndrome (AOR = 2.84, CI = 1.07-3.19), high physical activity (AOR = 0.473, CI = 1.05-3.19), and non-smoking (AOR = 0.586, CI = 1.27-7.89) were identified as independent predictors of GERD symptoms. CONCLUSION This study revealed that 33.4% of undergraduate students were at risk of GERD, with night eaters having a greater risk. GERD risk was negatively associated with physical activity level and smoking status. No associations were found between GERD risk and weight status, Mediterranean diet adherence, sociodemographic factors, or sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taleb Abed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Eyad Sayyed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Obada Yamak
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Qusay Abdoh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
- Department of Internal Medicine, GI and Endoscopy Unit, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An- Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine.
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Sağlam NGU, Beştepe EE, Sertler İ, Kurnaz S, Ayık B, Poyraz CA. The Relationship Among Seasonality, Night Eating, and Chronotype in Bipolar Disorder: Exploring the Mediating Role of Sleep Quality. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:166-173. [PMID: 38090970 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to explore the association among chronotype, seasonality, sleep quality, and night eating syndrome (NES) among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and the mediating role of sleep quality in this relationship. Ninety-two individuals with BD type 1 who had been euthymic for at least 8 weeks and 87 healthy controls were included. In addition to sociodemographic/clinical data, chronotype, seasonality, sleep quality, and NES were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Night Eating Questionnaire. The prevalence of NES (17.4%) was higher among BD than the controls. BD patients with NES had poorer sleep quality, greater seasonality, and lower MEQ scores. Chronotype had an indirect effect that was partially mediated by sleep quality on night eating symptoms in BD patients, in addition to a direct effect. Seasonality was found to have a direct effect on night eating symptoms. Therapeutic interventions that target both sleep and circadian disruption should be implemented when addressing NES in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Engin Emrem Beştepe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases
| | - İlke Sertler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases
| | - Samet Kurnaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Batuhan Ayık
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases
| | - Cana Aksoy Poyraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine
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Faulkner SM, Drake RJ, Eisner E, Bee PE. Sleep problems and referral intentions in mental health services: service user self-report and staff proxy report surveys. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:583. [PMID: 37563709 PMCID: PMC10413589 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common in mental health service users, but few non-pharmacological therapies are offered. Therapies are being developed and tested, but there may be barriers to these therapies reaching those who need them. METHODS Light-Dark and Activity Rhythm Therapy (L-DART), is a new sleep therapy delivered by an occupational therapist, which has been feasibility tested in people with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses. This paper presents two surveys, conducted with mental health staff and service users, on sleep problems, treatment wishes; and barriers and facilitators to uptake of L-DART or similar therapies. Descriptive statistics, single-level and multi-level ordinal logistic regression were used to examine factors associated with sleep problems and referral intentions. FINDINGS Sleep problems were commonly identified by staff and service users, there was demand for non-pharmacological intervention across diagnostic and demographic categories, but staff readiness to refer differed according to NHS Trust and service user diagnosis. Staff and service user reports differed in awareness of sleep disordered breathing and parasomnias, and wish for referral. Staff were more confident identifying sleep problems than addressing them, but more training was associated with greater confidence concerning both assessment and treatment. CONCLUSIONS A range of sleep problems are prevalent and recognised in mental health service users, and there is an unmet need for non-pharmacological sleep interventions. Improving suitable resources to support self-management in this group may help; Staff and service users also reported a high readiness to refer or be referred for sleep interventions. Staff training to improve identification of sleep problems, and differentiation between types of sleep problems, would support access to the most appropriate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Faulkner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Rd, Prestwich, Manchester, M25 3BL UK
| | - Richard J. Drake
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Rd, Prestwich, Manchester, M25 3BL UK
| | - Emily Eisner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Rd, Prestwich, Manchester, M25 3BL UK
| | - Penny E. Bee
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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Sakthivel SJ, Hay P, Mannan H. A Scoping Review on the Association between Night Eating Syndrome and Physical Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, Sleep and Weight Status in Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:2791. [PMID: 37375694 PMCID: PMC10301270 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Night eating syndrome (NES) is characterised by recurrent episodes of night eating, evident through excessive food consumption after the evening meal or eating after awakening from sleep, often associated with significant distress and/or impairment in functioning. This scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search was conducted through the use of PubMed, Medline (OVID) and SCOPUS, to identify relevant articles published within the last 10 years. Search terms including "Night eating*" OR "NES" and Boolean phrases were used to refine the search. Additionally, the age of participants was restricted to 18 years and above, to ensure only adult participants were included. The abstracts of the remaining articles were used to screen for those that were relevant. From a total of 663 citations, 30 studies assessing night eating syndrome met the inclusion criteria to be included in the review. We found inconsistent associations of NES with higher body mass index (BMI), less physical activity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and poorer quality of sleep. These inconsistencies may have been due to the use of different measurement methods, lack of power from small sample sizes of NES in some studies and varying ages of participants, with associations being more likely to be found in higher-quality, representative populations than in university student samples. There were no associations of NES with T2DM in clinical populations and with hypertension, OSA and metabolic syndrome, but sample sizes were small. The impacts of NES on these medical conditions should be addressed in future, using well-sized and long-term studies involving representative populations of adults. In conclusion, NES likely has negative impacts on BMI, T2DM, physical activity, and sleep quality, which in turn may increase cardio-metabolic risk. However, further research is needed to elucidate the interaction between NES and its associated features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Janani Sakthivel
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (S.J.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (S.J.S.); (P.H.)
- Mental Health Services SWSLHD, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Haider Mannan
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (S.J.S.); (P.H.)
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Echeverri B, Kozak AT, Gildner DJ, Pickett SM. Night eating syndrome subtypes: differences in binge eating and food addiction symptoms. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:3. [PMID: 36752994 PMCID: PMC9908657 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in binge eating and food addiction symptoms between Night Eating Syndrome (NES) latent subtypes: evening hyperphagia with nocturnal ingestions (EHNI), evening hyperphagia-only (EHO), and nocturnal ingestions-only (NIO). It was hypothesized that the EHNI group would report more binge eating behaviors and more food addiction symptoms than both the EHO and NIO groups. Further, it was hypothesized that the EHO and NIO groups would differ with the EHO group reporting more binge eating behaviors and the NIO group reporting more food addiction symptoms. METHODS Participants completed measures online relating to night eating, binge eating, and food addiction. Average age of the final sample was 34.3 (SD = 10.5) and 62.0% were men. Responses to the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ; Allison et al., 2008) were used to create an EHNI group (n = 65), an EHO group (n = 32), and a NIO group (n = 69). ANOVAs were conducted to examine between-group differences on disordered eating symptoms. RESULTS Participants in the EHNI group reported more severe binge eating and food addiction symptoms than those in the EHO and NIO groups. However, there were no significant differences in binge eating or food addiction between the EHO and NIO groups. CONCLUSION Individuals who meet both NES core criteria (evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestions) are likely at a higher risk for experiencing other, more severe disordered eating pathologies. Implications concerning assessment and future research on NES typology are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Echeverri
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Andrea T. Kozak
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Daniel J. Gildner
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Scott M. Pickett
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
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Barakat S, McLean SA, Bryant E, Le A, Marks P, Touyz S, Maguire S. Risk factors for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:8. [PMID: 36650572 PMCID: PMC9847054 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors represent a range of complex variables associated with the onset, development, and course of eating disorders. Understanding these risk factors is vital for the refinement of aetiological models, which may inform the development of targeted, evidence-based prevention, early intervention, and treatment programs. This Rapid Review aimed to identify and summarise research studies conducted within the last 12 years, focusing on risk factors associated with eating disorders. METHODS The current review forms part of a series of Rapid Reviews to be published in a special issue in the Journal of Eating Disorders, funded by the Australian Government to inform the development of the National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021-2031. Three databases were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2021, published in English, and comprising high-level evidence studies (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, moderately sized randomised controlled studies, moderately sized controlled-cohort studies, or population studies). Data pertaining to risk factors for eating disorders were synthesised and outlined in the current paper. RESULTS A total of 284 studies were included. The findings were divided into nine main categories: (1) genetics, (2) gastrointestinal microbiota and autoimmune reactions, (3) childhood and early adolescent exposures, (4) personality traits and comorbid mental health conditions, (5) gender, (6) socio-economic status, (7) ethnic minority, (8) body image and social influence, and (9) elite sports. A substantial amount of research exists supporting the role of inherited genetic risk in the development of eating disorders, with biological risk factors, such as the role of gut microbiota in dysregulation of appetite, an area of emerging evidence. Abuse, trauma and childhood obesity are strongly linked to eating disorders, however less conclusive evidence exists regarding developmental factors such as role of in-utero exposure to hormones. Comorbidities between eating disorders and mental health disorders, including personality and mood disorders, have been found to increase the severity of eating disorder symptomatology. Higher education attainment, body image-related factors, and use of appearance-focused social media are also associated with increased risk of eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSION Eating disorders are associated with multiple risk factors. An extensive amount of research has been conducted in the field; however, further studies are required to assess the causal nature of the risk factors identified in the current review. This will assist in understanding the sequelae of eating disorder development and in turn allow for enhancement of existing interventions and ultimately improved outcomes for individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barakat
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), InsideOut Institute, University of Sydney, Level 2, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Siân A McLean
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Bryant
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anvi Le
- Healthcare Management Advisors, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peta Marks
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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Hamdan M, Badrasawi M, Zidan S, Thawabteh R, Mohtaseb R, Arqoub KA. Night eating syndrome is associated with mental health issues among palestinian undergraduate students-cross sectional study. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:1. [PMID: 36600295 PMCID: PMC9811747 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are exposed to several factors associated with Night Eating Syndrome NES, which is distinguished by nocturnal consumption and/or evening hyperphagia. The main purpose of the current study is to examine the state of NES, and to explore its relationship with selected factors (e.g. sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, body mass index "BMI", and mental health) among a sample of undergraduates. METHODS A cross-section design was done among undergraduates recruited from three universities in the southern part of Palestine. Students completed a self-administrated questionnaire including demographic information, lifestyle habits, medical profile, and the Arabic version of Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ). Mental health status was also assessed using the Arabic version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Cronbach alpha was used to check the reliability of the Arabic version of NEQ. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate approach. RESULTS A total of 475 participants were included in the study, 197 (47%) males, 253(54%) females. Mean age was 19.8 ± 1.4 years, ranged from 18 to 25 years old. It is found that 141 university students (29.7%) screened positive for NES. According to univariate analysis, NES was significantly related to gender (p = 0.023), major (p = 0.005), personal monthly income (p = 0.007), source of funding (p = 0.005), and mental health (p < 0.005). Besides, the results of binary logistic regression revealed that having mental health problems (Exp (B) = 4.18; 95% CI = 2.50-6.98; p = 0.000), males (Exp (B) = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.17-3.39; p = 0.014), and those who study expenses was not covered either by scholarship or parents (Exp (B) = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.29-5.8; p = 0.08) were significantly associated with NES. CONCLUSION It is found that NES is common among Palestinian university students. In this study, NES was significantly more prevalent among males, and those who were studying scientific majors, having a personal income between 500 and 1000 new Israeli shekel per month, and having mental problems, and those whose studies were funded by neither by a scholarship nor by their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Hamdan
- Department of Health professions, Program of Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition/Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, PO. Box 7, West Bank, Tulkarm, Palestine.
| | - Souzan Zidan
- Department of Nutrition and Food technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebron University, West Bank, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Ruba Thawabteh
- Department of Health professions, Program of Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition/Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Raya Mohtaseb
- Department of Health professions, Program of Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition/Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Khozama Abu Arqoub
- Department of Health professions, Program of Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition/Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
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Muscatello MRA, Torre G, Celebre L, Dell'Osso B, Mento C, Zoccali RA, Bruno A. 'In the night kitchen': A scoping review on the night eating syndrome. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:120-136. [PMID: 34169752 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First described in 1955, night eating syndrome refers to an abnormal eating behavior clinically defined by the presence of evening hyperphagia (>25% of daily caloric intake) and/or nocturnal awaking with food ingestion occurring ⩾ 2 times per week. AIMS Although the syndrome is frequently comorbid with obesity, metabolic and psychiatric disorders, its etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, assessment and treatment still remain not fully understood. METHODS This review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines; PubMed database was searched until 31 October 2020, using the key terms: 'Night Eating Syndrome' AND 'complications' OR 'diagnosis' OR 'drug therapy' OR 'epidemiology' OR 'etiology' OR 'physiology' OR 'physiopathology' OR 'psychology' OR 'therapy'. RESULTS From a total of 239 citations, 120 studies assessing night eating syndrome met the inclusion criteria to be included in the review. CONCLUSION The inclusion of night eating syndrome into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 'Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders' category should drive the attention of clinician and researchers toward this syndrome that is still defined by evolving diagnostic criteria. The correct identification and assessment of NES could facilitate the detection and the diagnosis of this disorder, whose bio-psycho-social roots support its multifactorial nature. The significant rates of comorbid illnesses associated with NES and the overlapping symptoms with other eating disorders require a focused clinical attention. Treatment options for night eating syndrome include both pharmacological (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, topiramate and melatonergic drugs) and non-pharmachological approaches; the combination of such strategies within a multidisciplinary approach should be addressed in future, well-sized and long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Torre
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Celebre
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,CRC 'Aldo Ravelli' for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carmela Mento
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Antonio Zoccali
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Matsui K, Komada Y, Okajima I, Takaesu Y, Kuriyama K, Inoue Y. A Cross-Sectional Study of Evening Hyperphagia and Nocturnal Ingestion: Core Constituents of Night Eating Syndrome with Different Background Factors. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114179. [PMID: 34836434 PMCID: PMC8618342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to elucidate the differences between the two core symptoms of night eating syndrome (NES): evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion in the general Japanese population aged 16–79 years. Participants who consumed at least 25% of daily calories after dinner were defined as having evening hyperphagia. Those who consumed food after sleep initiation at least twice a week were determined to have nocturnal ingestion. Of the 8348 participants, 119 (1.5%) were categorized in the evening hyperphagia group, 208 (2.6%) in the nocturnal ingestion group, and 8024 in the non-NES group. Participants with evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion had significantly higher anxiety scores (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (p < 0.001 for both) than those without NES. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that evening hyperphagia was significantly and independently associated with higher body mass index, shorter sleep duration, later sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score, while nocturnal ingestion was significantly and independently associated with younger age, smoking habit, living alone, earlier sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score. Sleep duration and sleep-wake schedule characteristics in the two groups were opposite, suggesting differences in the sleep pathophysiology mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878551, Japan;
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan;
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan
| | - Yoko Komada
- Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 2048588, Japan;
| | - Isa Okajima
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 1738602, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Takaesu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 9030215, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Kuriyama
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 1608402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-6300-5401
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Binge Eating Disorders in Antipsychotic-Treated Patients With Schizophrenia: Prevalence, Antipsychotic Specificities, and Changes Over Time. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 41:114-120. [PMID: 33587392 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive energy intake likely favors metabolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and may be, in part, the consequence of antipsychotic treatments. However, previous studies on the prevalence of bulimia and binge eating symptoms in antipsychotic-treated patients are contradictory and not sufficiently informative. METHODS The prevalence of bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and subsyndromal binge eating disorder was studied using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria in 156 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated with antipsychotic monotherapy. The effects of different antipsychotics were compared. RESULTS The prevalence of full syndromal binge eating disorder was 4.4% and that of subsyndromal binge eating disorder was 18.7% in patients (23.1% for binge eating spectrum disorder), and there were no cases of bulimia nervosa. Compared with the whole sample, binge eating spectrum disorders were significantly more prevalent in clozapine- and olanzapine-treated patients. Comparisons of patients having undergone treatment for 2 years or less with patients treated for more than 2 years showed that binge eating spectrum disorders decrease significantly over time, the difference being significant in clozapine- and olanzapine-treated patients. Night eating, simply assessed by a single question, showed a prevalence of 30% and was more prevalent in women treated with clozapine and olanzapine, with no significant change over time. CONCLUSIONS Binge eating disorders should be considered as important factors involved in the development of weight gain and metabolic syndrome in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia. The difficulty to reliably assess binge eating spectrum disorders in patients with psychosis is highlighted.
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Tubbs AS, Khader W, Fernandez F, Grandner MA. The common denominators of sleep, obesity, and psychopathology. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 34:84-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Loddo G, Zanardi M, Caletti MT, Mignani F, Petroni ML, Chiaro G, Marchesini G, Provini F. Searching food during the night: the role of video-polysomnography in the characterization of the night eating syndrome. Sleep Med 2019; 64:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Taymur İ, Budak E, Demirci H, Karayürek Y, Önen S, Bicer Kanat B. Night Eating Syndrome and Food Addiction in Turkish Population. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.624712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Shoar S, Naderan M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Shoar N, Lotfi D. Night eating syndrome: a psychiatric disease, a sleep disorder, a delayed circadian eating rhythm, and/or a metabolic condition? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:351-358. [PMID: 31536375 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1657006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Night Eating Syndrome (NES) refers to an abnormal eating behavior which presents as evening hyperphagia consuming >25% calorie intake and/or nocturnal awaking with food ingestion which occurs ≥2 times per week. Although the syndrome has been described more than seven decades ago, the literature has been growing slowly on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas covered: The proposed treatment options for NES are all at a case-study level. Moreover, our understanding of its etiology, comorbidities, and diagnosis is still premature. We performed a literature review in Medline/PubMed to identify all the studies proposing a management plan for NES and summarized all the existing data on its diagnosis and treatment. Expert opinion: To date, none of the proposed treatment options for NES have been promising and long-term data on its efficacy is lacking. The slow growth of evidence on this debilitating but underreported condition may be due to unawareness among clinicians, under-reporting by patients, and unrecognized diagnostic criteria. Objective screening of symptoms during office visits especially for patients at a high-risk for NES will identify more patients suffering from the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shoar
- Clinical Research Scientist, ScientificWriting Corporation , Houston , TX , USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Naderan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nasrin Shoar
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science , Kashan , Iran
| | - Djamshid Lotfi
- Clinical Research Scientist, ScientificWriting Corporation , Houston , TX , USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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17
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Batra S, Ochani RK, Memon ZA, Shaikh A, Qureshi NE, Bhimani S, Abbasi MK, Farhan A, Qureshi SS, Das K. Relationship between Night Eating Syndrome and Self-esteem: A Cross-sectional Population-based Study in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus 2019; 11:e5540. [PMID: 31687313 PMCID: PMC6819078 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amount of literature shedding light upon eating disorders in developing countries, such as Pakistan, is scarce. This is partially because talking about such matters is considered taboo in the general population. Night Eating Syndrome’s (NES) link with depression and obesity has been established; however, presently, no study has been conducted which solely focuses on NES’s correlation with self-esteem. Therefore, to bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted this study to assess the prevalence of NES in Karachi and its association with self-esteem. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in August 2018 using convenience sampling in 395 individuals, out of which 197 belonged to the age group 18-24 and 198 to 25-30. The participants were interviewed for their gender, body mass index (BMI), and their level of education. The participants were asked to complete a structured, standardized questionnaire assessment, which comprised of questions from the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE). The eating habits of the participants and the level of self-esteem were assessed using four- and five-point Likert scales. Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used as the primary statistical tests. Results Out of the 395 respondents, more than half of the respondents were females (n = 235/395, 59.5%). About one-fourth (n = 92/395, 23.3%) of the participants had a BMI of greater than 25.0 kg/m2. More than one-third of the underweight (n = 20/55, 36.4%) and overweight population (n = 33/92, 35.9%) had low self-esteem, while more than one-fourth (n = 25/92, 27.2%) of the overweight participants fulfilled the criteria of NES. The final outcomes showed that 14.4% of the participants had NES, and 4.6% of the participants had low self-esteem. Conclusion Our results pointed out to a significant relationship between NES and self-esteem. Furthermore, NES and self-esteem also had a significant association with age, gender, and BMI. Additionally, awareness regarding eating and mental disorders should be done in countries like Pakistan, where talking in regard to such matters is considered taboo. Given the various factors that further strengthen the positive relationship between NES and low self-esteem, these factors can be the targets on which the treatment can be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Batra
- Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Zahid Ali Memon
- Surgery, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asim Shaikh
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Nazuk E Qureshi
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sameer Bhimani
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Arsala Farhan
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Kheenpal Das
- Psychiatry, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To review literature on night eating syndrome (NES) and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) published in the last 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS Since December, 2013, 11 studies examined the association between NES and BMI. Five of these studies reported a positive relationship, five showed no relationship, and one produced mixed findings. Emotional eating and age were moderators. Twelve studies examined whether there was a difference in BMI between those with and without NES with only five of these finding differences. A primary weakness of the recent literature base is that it is almost entirely cross-sectional. Recent findings regarding the relationship between NES and BMI are mixed. Future research should examine the relationship between these variables longitudinally and continue to examine moderating variables that explain why some individuals manifest excess weight with NES and others do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija B Bruzas
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Innamorati M, Imperatori C, Lester D, Fabbricatore M, Gaudini L, Contardi A, Balsamo M. Preliminary Validation of the Italian Night Eating Questionnaire (I-NEQ-16): Item Analysis and Factor Structure. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2628. [PMID: 30619018 PMCID: PMC6306436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Night eating syndrome (NES) severity is usually assessed with the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ). Although the most common version of the NEQ is composed of 14 items (NEQ-14), two additional items measuring distress associated with the night eating have been proposed, but they have never been included in past psychometric studies. The aim of the present study was to create an Italian version of the NEQ-16 (I-NEQ-16), with the inclusion of the proposed items for assessing the distress associated with night eating. A major objective of the study was to propose a unidimensional version of the I-NEQ-16 and investigate its psychometric properties. 482 Italian adults (380 women and 102 men; mean age = 25.5, SD = 10.9 years old) were administered the Italian versions of the NEQ, the Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ), and questionnaires measuring binge eating, emotional and external eating, diurnal chronotype, insomnia, and anxiety and depression severity. In order to improve the unidimensionality of the I-NEQ-16, we removed from further analyses items 1, 4, and 7, because they increased the heterogeneity of the measure. Confirmatory factor analysis, indicated the fit of a modified one-factor model, allowing correlated errors between three pairs of items. I-NEQ-16 scores were significantly associated with all concurrent questionnaire scores and were able to categorize individuals according to their diagnosis of NES according to the NEDQ. Thus, the I-NEQ-16 is a valid measure that is potentially useful for investigating correlates of night eating in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Lester
- Department of Psychology, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States
| | | | - Lavinia Gaudini
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Contardi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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20
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Tu CY, Meg Tseng MC, Chang CH. Night eating syndrome in patients with eating disorders: Is night eating syndrome distinct from bulimia nervosa? J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:1038-1046. [PMID: 30396692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Night eating syndrome (NES) is a diagnosis newly introduced in the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This study investigated the characteristics of NES in individuals with eating disorders and the clinical significance of NES in individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN). METHODS We recruited participants with eating problems at psychiatric outpatient clinics and from Internet referrals and age, sex, and educational level-comparable controls from September 2013 to April 2017. All participants received in-face structured clinical interviews to establish their eating disorder and NES diagnoses and completed questionnaires assessing NES, eating attitudes/behaviors, depression, sleep disturbances, morningness/eveningness preference, and functional impairment. Comparisons of measurements were made across patients with eating disorder subtypes and across patients with NES-only, BN-only, comorbid BN and NES, and controls. RESULTS NES was identified in 10.3%, 34.9%, and 51.7% of the individuals with anorexia nervosa, BN, and binge-eating disorder, respectively. NES-only group had more frequent binge-eating, higher degrees of eating pathology, depression, sleep disturbances, and functional impairment compared to controls; however, NES-only group shared similar levels of disordered eating, depression, sleep disturbances, and functional impairment with BN-only group. BN-NES group had no difference from BN-only group on most eating pathology, psychopathology, and functional impairment, except for the presence of greater eating and weight concerns. CONCLUSION NES has its clinical significance; however, it overlaps with BN in several dimensions of psychopathology. Presence of night eating in a BN group may not contribute clinically meaningful psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin 64041, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Meg Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 22061, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
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Melo MCA, de Oliveira Ribeiro M, de Araújo CFC, de Mesquita LMF, de Bruin PFC, de Bruin VMS. Night eating in bipolar disorder. Sleep Med 2018; 48:49-52. [PMID: 29859477 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Night eating syndrome (NES) involves reduced feeding during the day and evening hyperphagia sometimes accompanied by frequent nocturnal awakenings with conscious episodes of compulsive ingestion of food. Previously, NES has not been evaluated in bipolar disorder (BD). The objective of this study was to identify NES in euthymic BD patients. PATIENTS/METHODS Eighty BD patients and 40 controls were examined using the Night Eating Questionnaire, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety, Young Mania Rating Scale, Functioning Assessment Short-Test and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), severity of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) and morning-evening preference (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire) were also evaluated. RESULTS BD patients presented NES in 8.8% while the controls showed no NES. Patients with and without NES were not different with respect to gender, disease duration, smoking, heavy drinking, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and neck circumference. BD patients with NES scored higher for functioning as well as for the following specific components: occupational functioning, financial issues, interpersonal relationships and leisure time. They also had more anxiety, higher insomnia severity and worse sleep quality. Furthermore, BD patients with NES were more evening type. CONCLUSION NES occurs more frequently in BD patients than in controls. BD patients with NES present more disease-related manifestations such as more anxiety, poorer functioning and worse sleep parameters. Patients with NES were more evening type. We speculate whether changing circadian preference in these patients can reduce NES.
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Shillito JA, Lea J, Tierney S, Cleator J, Tai S, Wilding JPH. Why I eat at night: A qualitative exploration of the development, maintenance and consequences of Night Eating Syndrome. Appetite 2018; 125:270-277. [PMID: 29454015 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Night Eating Syndrome (NES), as a diagnosis, presents as a combination of disordered eating, sleep and mood. Patients identified as having both NES and obesity demonstrate poorer outcomes in terms of weight loss compared to those with NES only. However, research focusing on psychological factors associated with NES remains relatively underdeveloped. This study aimed to explore the relationship between NES and the experience of emotion from the perspective of patients accessing a weight management service. Ten adults who met diagnostic criteria for moderate or full NES took part in a semi-structured interview. Data were analysed using a constructivist approach to grounded theory. A core concept to emerge from the analysis was termed 'emotional hunger'; reflecting an urge or need to satiate a set of underlying unmet emotional needs. It was underpinned by the following interrelated themes: (1) Cultivating a dependency on food; (2) Relying on food to regulate emotions; (3) Understanding the significance of night-time; (4) Acknowledging the consequences of night eating. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between NES and the experience of emotion from the perspective of patients attending a weight management service. Results have potential to inform future service development, particularly around the adoption of a more holistic approach to night eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shillito
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - James Lea
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephanie Tierney
- Royal College of Nursing Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jacqueline Cleator
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sara Tai
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, L7 8TX, UK
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Olejniczak D, Bugajec D, Staniszewska A, Panczyk M, Kielan A, Czerw A, Mańczuk M, Juszczyk G, Skonieczna J, Brytek-Matera A. Risk assessment of night-eating syndrome occurrence in women in Poland, considering the obesity factor in particular. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1521-1526. [PMID: 29942130 PMCID: PMC6005332 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s159562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Night-eating syndrome (NES) involves uncontrolled and most often repeated binge eating during the night. It is related with mood disorders as well as sleep disorders and it may cause obesity. Risks related to NES are obesity, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, affective disorders, and sleep disorders. The objective of this study is to analyze eating habits in terms of the risk assessment of NES occurrence in the population of women in the Masovian Voivodeship (in Poland). PATIENTS AND METHODS Six hundred and eleven women living in the Masovian Voivodeship participated in the study. The average age of the respondents was 22.7 years (median = 23.0; interquartile range = 3.0). The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) was used to assess the risk of NES. RESULTS In the studied group of women, 1.3% of cases (N = 12) reached a NEQ total score of ≥25, which indicates a probability of 40.7% for NES, while 0.7% (N = 4) reached a score of ≥30, which indicates a probability of 72.2% for occurrence of this syndrome. The highest average total score was observed in the group of obese people. The level of education of the participants did not significantly affect the NEQ score. A weak correlation was observed between the place of residence variable and the mood/sleep subscale (r = 0.11, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION NES may be one of the causes of overweight and obesity; therefore, the need for further studies on this health issue is justified. It is worth pointing out that knowing the conditions responsible for the occurrence of NES, it is possible to suggest a prevention procedure for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Olejniczak
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Bugajec
- Students' Scientific Public Health Association, Health Promotion Section, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Staniszewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Division of Teaching and Outcomes of Education, Faculty of Health Science, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kielan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czerw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mańczuk
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Juszczyk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Skonieczna
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Katowice Faculty, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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Tu CY, Tseng MCM, Chang CH, Lin CC. Comparative validity of the Internet and paper-and-pencil versions of the Night Eating Questionnaire. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 75:53-61. [PMID: 28314121 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the psychometric properties of the Internet and paper-and-pencil versions of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Night Eating Questionnaire (C-NEQ) and compared these measures' validity. METHOD The C-NEQ was evaluated through two different media: 626 participants completed the C-NEQ on the Internet and 160 participants completed the paper-form C-NEQ at the psychiatric outpatient clinics. A subgroup completed both versions of the C-NEQ (n=50). The Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory was used to identify individuals with night eating syndrome (NES). RESULTS The paper-and-pencil and Internet versions of the C-NEQ both showed good internal consistency, reliability, and concurrent validity. Reliability between the Internet and the paper-and-pencil versions of the C-NEQ was excellent (ICC=.96). Diagnostic analysis of the C-NEQ's performance using the Receiver Operation Curve method showed excellent results in both versions; the area under the curve did not differ significantly between the versions. Regarding detecting NES, the Internet version had a higher optimal cutoff point than the paper-and-pencil version (23 and 22, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The Internet and paper-and-pencil versions of the C-NEQ both showed strong reliability and validity; however the two versions appear to differ marginally regarding usage in NES detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, 64041.
| | - Mei-Chih Meg Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 22061, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan; Yujie Clinic, Taipei, 10611, Taiwan.
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Sevincer GM, Ince E, Taymur I, Konuk N. Night Eating Syndrome Frequency in University Students: Association with Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20160322093750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezgi Ince
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Taymur
- Sevket Yilmaz Teaching and Research Hospital, Bursa - Turkey
| | - Numan Konuk
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul - Turkey
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Kucukgoncu S, Midura M, Tek C. Optimal management of night eating syndrome: challenges and solutions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:751-60. [PMID: 25834450 PMCID: PMC4371896 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s70312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a unique disorder characterized by a delayed pattern of food intake in which recurrent episodes of nocturnal eating and/or excessive food consumption occur after the evening meal. NES is a clinically important disorder due to its relationship to obesity, its association with other psychiatric disorders, and problems concerning sleep. However, NES often goes unrecognized by both health professionals and patients. The lack of knowledge regarding NES in clinical settings may lead to inadequate diagnoses and inappropriate treatment approaches. Therefore, the proper diagnosis of NES is the most important issue when identifying NES and providing treatment for this disorder. Clinical assessment tools such as the Night Eating Questionnaire may help health professionals working with populations vulnerable to NES. Although NES treatment studies are still in their infancy, antidepressant treatments and psychological therapies can be used for optimal management of patients with NES. Other treatment options such as melatonergic medications, light therapy, and the anticonvulsant topiramate also hold promise as future treatment options. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of NES, including its diagnosis, comorbidities, and treatment approaches. Possible challenges addressing patients with NES and management options are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Kucukgoncu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Cenk Tek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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