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Baudinet J, Eisler I, Simic M, Schmidt U. Brief early adolescent multi-family therapy (BEAM) trial for anorexia nervosa: a feasibility randomized controlled trial protocol. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:71. [PMID: 34134769 PMCID: PMC8206871 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multi-family therapy (MFT) is a recommended treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa internationally. Despite recent significant advances in single-family therapy, the evidence base for MFT remains relatively small. Several individual and family factors have been associated with poorer outcomes in single-family therapy, many of which may be addressed or ameliorated by MFT if delivered early in treatment. This trial aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of adding a five-day multi-family therapy group to the early stages of family therapy for anorexia nervosa. Secondary objectives are to explore effect size changes in key individual and family factors across treatment. METHODS This feasibility trial will use a randomised controlled design. Sixty adolescents (age 10-17 inclusive) with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa and their parents will be recruited from a community-based specialist eating disorder service in London, UK. Participants will be randomly allocated to receive six months of eating disorder focussed family therapy with a five-day MFT group (experimental group) or without (control group). Block randomisation will be conducted by the King's Clinical Trials Unit and researchers will be blind to participants' intervention allocation. Feasibility, acceptability and secondary outcomes measures will be collected at baseline, post-MFT, end of treatment, six-month and 12-month follow-up. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed according to trial sign-up rates, retention, measure completion rates and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes include physical health improvements, changes in psychiatric symptoms, emotion regulation and reflective function capacity, expressed emotion, parental difficulties and therapeutic alliance. Descriptive data and exploration analysis of trends and effect sizes will be reported upon at trial completion. DISCUSSION The five-day MFT program developed for this study is novel, brief and more accessible than previous MFT models. The inclusion of a data collection point during treatment and follow-up will allow for an investigation of trends during and after treatment. This will allow exploration and comparison of future potential mediators and moderators of MFT and FT-AN outcomes and how these may differ between treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry; ISRCTN93437752 , on 27 January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Baudinet
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK.
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.
| | - Ivan Eisler
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Mima Simic
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK
- Adult Eating Disorders Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
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Gramaglia C, Gattoni E, Vecchi C, Di Tullio E, Biroli G, D'Andrea F, Riso S, Gualano MR, Marchetti M, Sarchiapone M, Siliquini R, Zeppegno P. No correlation among expressed emotion, anxiety, stress and weight loss in patients with overweight and obesity. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3522. [PMID: 31645850 PMCID: PMC6787637 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The onset of some types of obesity may correlate with specific familial relational patterns, and expressed emotion (EE), the family life's 'emotional temperature', may play a role in obesity treatment compliance and outcome. Objective The aim of this study is to address the current gap in the literature about EE and obesity, assessing EE in a sample of patients with overweight or obesity and their relatives. A further objective is to assess patients' weight loss, patients' and relatives' anxiety, perceived stress and their possible correlation with EE and diet compliance. Design A total of 220 patients with overweight or obesity and 126 relatives were recruited; their socio-demographic and clinical features were collected; and Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1 and 2 (STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2) and Paykel Scale of Stressful Life Events were administered. Results Patients' baseline body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with educational level, but we failed to find any correlation between BMI and the other variables assessed. We found a positive correlation between EE median and stressful life events, as well as between median EE and state and trait anxiety. Conclusions Our results seem to suggest that other factors than the psychological ones we investigated may play a role in treatment adherence and outcome in patients with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gattoni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Vecchi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Tullio
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Biroli
- S.C. Dietetica e Nutrizione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico D'Andrea
- S.C. Dietetica e Nutrizione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Riso
- S.C. Dietetica e Nutrizione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marco Marchetti
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Sarchiapone
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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Spencer L, Schmidt-Hantke J, Allen K, Gordon G, Potterton R, Musiat P, Hagner F, Beintner I, Vollert B, Nacke B, Görlich D, Beecham J, Bonin EM, Jacobi C, Schmidt U. A web-based intervention for carers of individuals with anorexia nervosa (We Can): Trial protocol of a randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of different levels of support. Internet Interv 2019; 16:76-85. [PMID: 30775267 PMCID: PMC6364327 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening mental disorder that is associated with substantial caregiver burden. Carers of individuals with AN report high levels of distress and self-blame, and insufficient knowledge to help their loved ones. However, carers can have a very important role to play in aiding recovery from AN, and are often highly motivated to assist in the treatment process. This manuscript presents the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of We Can, a web-based intervention for carers for people with AN. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of We Can delivered with different intensities of support. METHODS The study takes the form of a multi-site, two-country, three group RCT, comparing We Can (a) with clinician messaging support (We Can-Ind), (b) with moderated carer chatroom support (We Can-Chat) and (c) with online forum only (We Can-Forum). Participants will be 303 carers of individuals with AN as well as, where possible, the individuals with AN themselves. Recruitment will be via specialist eating disorder services and carer support services in the UK and Germany. Randomisation of carers to one of the three intervention conditions in a 1:1:1 ratio will be stratified by whether or not the individual with AN has (a) agreed to participate in the study and (b) is a current inpatient. The We Can intervention will be provided to carers online over a period of 12 weeks. Participants will complete self-report questionnaires at pre-intervention (T1), mid-intervention (mediators only; 4-weeks post-randomisation), post-intervention (T2; 3-months post randomisation), and 6 months (T3) and 12 months (T4) after randomisation. The primary outcome variables are carer symptoms of depression and anxiety. Secondary outcome variables will be measured in both carers and individuals with AN. Secondary carer outcome variables will include alcohol and drug use and quality of life, caregiving behaviour, and the acceptability and use of We Can and associated supports. Secondary outcomes measured in individuals with AN will include eating disorder symptoms, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study will also evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the three We Can conditions, and test for mediators and moderators of the effects of We Can. The trial is registered at the International Standard Randomisation Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) database, registration number: ISRCTN11399850. DISCUSSION The study will provide insight into the effectiveness of We Can and its optimal method/s of delivery.
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Key Words
- AESED, accommodation and enabling scale for eating disorders
- AN, anorexia nervosa
- AQoL-8D, assessment of quality of Life-8D
- AUDIT, alcohol use disorders identification test
- Anorexia nervosa
- BDSEE, brief dyadic scale of expressed emotion
- BFI-10, Big Five – 10 item version
- BMI, body mass index
- CASK, caregiver skills scale
- CD-RISC-10, Connor–Davidson resilience scale-10
- CEQ, adapted credibility/expectancy questionnaire
- CSRI, client service receipt inventory
- Carer support
- DUDIT, drug use disorders identification test
- E-treatment
- ECI, experience of caregiving inventory
- EDE-Q, eating disorder examination-questionnaire
- EDSIS, eating disorders symptom impact scale
- GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)-7 scale
- ICare
- Mental health
- OAO, overcoming anorexia online
- Online interventions
- PHQ-9, patient health questionnaire 9-item depression scale
- RCT, randomised controlled trial
- RSE, rosenberg self-esteem scale
- WAI-SR, adapted working alliance inventory – short revised
- WHOQOL, World Health Organisation quality of life scale
- We Can-Chat, We Can with moderated carer chatroom support
- We Can-Forum, We Can with online forum support only
- We Can-Ind, We Can with clinician email support
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Spencer
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Eating Disorders, PO Box 59, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Juliane Schmidt-Hantke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karina Allen
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Eating Disorders, PO Box 59, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- The Eating Disorders Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Gemma Gordon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Eating Disorders, PO Box 59, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Rachel Potterton
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Eating Disorders, PO Box 59, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Peter Musiat
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Eating Disorders, PO Box 59, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Franziska Hagner
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina Beintner
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianka Vollert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Nacke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Biometrie und Klinische Forschung, Schmedingstraße 56, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Beecham
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Bonin
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Corinna Jacobi
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Eating Disorders, PO Box 59, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- The Eating Disorders Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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