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Tonna M, Borrelli DF, Aguglia E, Bucci P, Carpiniello B, Dell’Osso L, Fagiolini A, Meneguzzo P, Monteleone P, Pompili M, Roncone R, Rossi R, Zeppegno P, Marchesi C, Maj M. The relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and real-life functioning in schizophrenia: New insights from the multicenter study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e37. [PMID: 38682575 PMCID: PMC11094474 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly prevalent in schizophrenia, its relationship with patients' real-life functioning is still controversial. METHODS The present study aims at investigating the prevalence of OCD in a large cohort of non-preselected schizophrenia patients living in the community and verifying the relationship of OCD, as well as of other psychopathological symptoms, with real-life functioning along a continuum of OCD severity and after controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS A sample of 327 outpatients with schizophrenia was enrolled in the study and collapsed into three subgroups according to OCD severity (subclinical, mild-moderate, severe). A series of structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze in each subgroup the association of obsessive-compulsive symptoms with real-life functioning, assessed through the Specific Levels of Functioning Scale and the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment. Moreover, latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to infer latent subpopulations. In the subclinical OCD group, obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) were not associated with functioning, whereas in the mild-moderate OCD group, they showed a positive relationship, particularly in the domains of work and everyday life skills. The paucity of patients with severe OCD did not allow performing SEM analysis in this group. Finally, LPA confirmed a subgroup with mild-moderate OCS and more preserved levels of functioning. CONCLUSIONS These findings hint at a positive association between mild-moderate OCD and real-life functioning in individuals with schizophrenia and encourage a careful assessment of OCD in personalized programs to sustain daily life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Bucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell’Osso
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” Section of Neuroscience, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Shoaib M, Iqbal M, Waqas UJ, Ahmed SM, Sangeet F, Raza FA, Shahab A, Fatima K, Siddiqui M, Nadeem A. Concurrent Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Centre in Sindh, Pakistan. Cureus 2023; 15:e37583. [PMID: 37197122 PMCID: PMC10184718 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to evaluate the proportion of concurrent symptoms of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) among patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A retrospective study was undertaken at the Department of Psychiatry, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Sindh, Pakistan between 1st March 2019 and 1st April 2020. All cases with diagnosed schizophrenia irrespective of gender, age, or ethnicity were eligible for the study. We excluded patients with acute psychosis due to isolated substance use disorder or any organic brain disease. The medical records for each patient were retrieved from the departmental database. Sociodemographic factors including age, gender, ethnicity, and presence of OCSs and other psychiatric comorbidities were recorded in a predefined pro forma. The presence of OCSs was noted by the attending psychiatrist during history taking as positive or negative. RESULTS A total of 139 patients were included. A predominance of the male gender was noted. There were 63 (45.3%) patients with concurrent OCSs. Out of the total patients, 42 (66.67%) males and 21 (33.33%) females had OCSs. A total of 28 (44.44%) patients between 31 and 45 years of age had OCSs. Out of the 63 patients with OCSs, 36 (57.14%) had a history of substance abuse (p = 0.471). In the study, 17 (26.98%) Balochi and 19 (30.16%) Pashtuns had OCSs. However, the difference was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, OCSs were frequent in patients with schizophrenia, according to the current study. We discovered that males, individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 years, Balochis, Pashtuns, and those with a history of substance abuse were more likely to have OCSs. However, the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marium Shoaib
- Department of Acute Medicine, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Lancashire, GBR
| | - Maria Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Lancashire, GBR
| | - Uzma J Waqas
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sheikh M Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Fnu Sangeet
- Department of Psychiatry, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Fatima A Raza
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Azka Shahab
- Department of Medicine, Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kiran Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maham Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ammar Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
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Karpov B, Kieseppä T, Lindgren M, Wegelius A, Suvisaari J. Anxiety symptoms in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:569-576. [PMID: 32510786 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Anxiety disorders and symptoms are common in people with psychotic disorders, having a negative impact on clinical status, function level and overall prognosis. However, research on the significance of anxiety in predicting remission and long-term functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is still scarce. This study investigated the effects of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) on clinical and functional improvement in individuals with FEP. METHODS FEP patients (N = 97) aged 18-40 years were recruited from the University Hospital District of Helsinki and the City of Helsinki. Psychotic and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R), and functioning was evaluated using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Follow-up measurements were performed at 2 and 12 months. We specifically studied whether anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms at the 2-month follow-up assessment, at a time when the initial treatment response had been achieved, would predict outcomes at 12 months. RESULTS Symptoms of anxiety and OCS correlated moderately with each other and psychotic symptoms, but at the 12-month follow-up, OCS no longer correlated significantly with psychotic and anxiety symptoms. When the level of psychotic symptoms was adjusted for, more severe OCS at the 2-month follow-up was associated with a lower rate of remission at 12 months, whereas a higher level of anxiety symptoms at 2 months was associated with better functioning at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS OCS may be predictive of poorer clinical outcomes, whereas anxiety symptoms may predict better functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Karpov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lindgren
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in patients with psychotic disorders and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:689-706. [PMID: 32780158 PMCID: PMC8119404 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in psychotic disorders are associated with unfavorable outcomes, whether this extends to cognitive function remains unclear. We conducted meta-analyses on several cognitive domains to investigate overall group differences between patients with a psychotic disorder and co-occurring OCS (OCS +) and those without OCS (OCS-). We used meta-regression to assess possible confounding effects. No overall associations between OCS + and OCS- in any of the 17 investigated cognitive domains were found. We predominantly found large heterogeneity in effect size and direction among studies. Post-hoc analyses of processing speed tasks not purely based on reaction-time showed worse performance in the OCS + group with a small effect size (SMD = - 0.190; p = 0.029). Meta-regression revealed advanced age was significantly correlated with worse performance of the OCS + group in processing speed (R2 = 0.7), working memory (R2 = 0.11), cognitive inhibition (R2 = 0.59), and cognitive flexibility (R2 = 0.34). Patients fulfilling the criteria for an obsessive-compulsive disorder showed less impairment in cognitive inhibition compared to the OCS + group (R2 = 0.63). Overall, comorbid OCS were not associated with cognitive impairment. However, large heterogeneity between studies highlights the complex nature of factors influencing cognition in people with psychotic disorder and comorbid OCS and warrants further research into possible moderating factors.
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Wang YM, Zhang YJ, Cai XL, Yang HX, Shan HD, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Altered grey matter volume and white matter integrity in individuals with high schizo-obsessive traits, high schizotypal traits and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102096. [PMID: 32315977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered brain structures have been found in patients with schizo-obsessive disorder, schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder in previous studies. However, it is unclear whether similar brain changes are also found in individuals with high schizo-obsessive traits (SOT), high schizotypal traits (SCT) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). We examined grey matter volume (GMV) and white matter integrity (WMI, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity) in 26 individuals with high SOT, 30 individuals with high SCT, 25 individuals with OCS and 30 individuals with low trait scores (LT) in this study. Correlation analysis between GMV, WMI, Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) scores and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) scores in the subclinical groups was also carried out. We found that the SOT group exhibited increased GMV at the right superior occipital gyrus and the left postcentral gyrus compared with the LT group. The SCT group exhibited increased GMV at the right precentral gyrus and the bilateral cuneus compared with the LT group, and decreased fractional anisotropy at the anterior corona radiata compared with the other three groups. The OCS group exhibited increased GMV at the left superior temporal gyrus and decreased GMV at the left pre-supplementary motor area compared with the LT group. These findings highlight specific brain changes in individuals with high SOT, high SCT and OCS, and may thus provide new insights into the neurobiological changes that occur in sub-clinical populations of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin-Lu Cai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Han-Xue Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hai-di Shan
- Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Balducci PM, Menculini G, Raballo A, Attademo L, Bernardini F, Lucarini E, Sciarma T, Moretti P, Quartesan R, Tortorella A. The obsessive-compulsive side of the schizophrenia spectrum: An empirical exploration in newly admitted acute inpatients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 64:110-111. [PMID: 31213280 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Menculini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Emanuela Lucarini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Sciarma
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Moretti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Quartesan
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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The "Obsessive Paradox": The Complex Relationship Between Cognitive and Obsessive Dimensions in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 2019; 207:715-720. [PMID: 30720600 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive functions and obsessive-compulsive dimension in schizophrenia and a possible moderating effect of schizophrenia symptom dimensions on this association. Sixty-one schizophrenia patients were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and the Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery. A U-shaped curve described a gradual transition from an inverse association to a positive relationship between YBOCS and processing speed scores, along a severity gradient of obsessive dimension. This effect ("the obsessive paradox") was not moderated by other symptom dimensions. The present study suggests that severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms may participate to counterbalance processing speed impairment independently from other symptom dimensions. These results highlight the complexity of the relationship between cognitive and obsessive dimensions in schizophrenia.
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Swets M, van Dijk FA, Schirmbeck F, Peen J, de Haan L, Alizadeh BZ, van Amelsvoort T, Bartels-Velthuis AA, van Beveren NJ, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, Delespaul P, Luykx JJ, Myin-Germeys I, Kahn RS, Simons CJP, van Haren NE, van Os J, van Winkel R. Patterns of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia; a replication study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:421-427. [PMID: 30537664 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research has found that Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) in schizophrenia are associated with either more or less negative symptoms and either better or poorer cognitive functioning. In order to explain these contradictory results, (Lysaker et al., 2004), performed a cluster analysis resulting in 2 OCS positive (OCSpos) clusters, one with higher functioning (HF) and one with poorer functioning (PF) compared to 2 OCS negative (OCSneg) clusters. The OCSpos/HF cluster had less negative symptoms compared to all other clusters, while the OCSpos/PF cluster showed poorer executive functioning. We performed a replication study, in an almost 10 times larger, representative sample, using both a longitudinal and cross-sectional design. Similar to Lysaker et al., we found a group with mild OCS and HF (OCSmild/HF) showing less negative symptoms compared to the PF groups. We also found an OCSmild/PF group, which did not significantly differ in executive functioning from the other groups. Moreover, we did not find evidence for a better prognosis in the OCSmild/HF group, and thus found no support for the assumption that for some patients OCS might be an effective coping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Swets
- Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; dr Leo Kannerhuis, Parnasia Psychiatric Institute, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Floor A van Dijk
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Peen
- Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico J van Beveren
- Antes Center for Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Department of Psychiatry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Department of Neuroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Altrecht, General Mental Health Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rene S Kahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E van Haren
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands; KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
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Relationship of obsessive-compulsive symptoms to clinical variables and cognitive functions in individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:332-337. [PMID: 29334657 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and clinical variables, and cognition in individuals at ultra high-risk (UHR) for psychosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of OCS and their relationship with clinical variables and cognitive functions in individuals at UHR. Eighty-four individuals at UHR for psychosis were administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsession Compulsion Symptom Check List and, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. A cognitive test battery was also applied. We compared the clinical, functional, and cognitive parameters of individuals at UHR with and without OCS and healthy controls. Thirty-five percent of the UHR sample had at least two obsessions/compulsions. The duration of subthreshold psychotic symptoms was longer in individuals with OCS. Those who can work/study before first presentation were more frequent in OCS-positive group. CDSS scores were higher in those with OCS. Compared to controls, OCS-negative group's performance was worse in 8 cognitive test items, while OCS-positive group performed worse in only one cognitive test item. Our findings suggest that OCS are common in the UHR group. OCS might be related to higher level of depression, but better work/study performance, and less cognitive deficits in UHR group.
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