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Patel PJ, Patel SG, Upadhyay DB, Ravi L, Dhanasekaran A, Patel HM. An efficient, catalyst-free and aqueous ethanol-mediated synthesis of 5-((2-aminothiazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4(1 H,3 H)-dione derivatives and their antioxidant activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24466-24473. [PMID: 37593670 PMCID: PMC10427891 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we effectively developed a catalyst-free multicomponent synthesis of 5-((2-aminothiazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives employing 2-aminothiazole, N',N'-dimethyl barbituric acid/barbituric acid and different aldehydes at 80 °C in an aqueous ethanol medium (1 : 1) using group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry. The essential characteristics of this methodology include superior green credential parameters, metal-free multicomponent synthesis, faster reaction times, greater product yields, simple product purification without column chromatography and higher product yields. All of the synthesized compounds were analyzed against the HepG2 cell line. Compounds 4j and 4k shows good anti-proliferative effects on HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the ABTS and DPPH scavenging assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity of all compounds (4a-r). In both ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays, compounds 4e, 4i, 4j, 4o and 4r exhibit excellent potency compared to the standard ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras J Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Subham G Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Dipti B Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Logeswari Ravi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Hitendra M Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
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Li X, Wang SC. Upcycling flavanol-rich Chardonnay and Pinot noir grape thinned clusters as potentially functional food ingredients in cocoa-based products. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3497-3505. [PMID: 37324846 PMCID: PMC10261795 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In California, over 3.4 million tons of wine grapes were crushed in 2020 while every year roughly 20% of the grape mass goes unused. Grape cluster thinning at veraison, a common agricultural practice to ensure color homogeneity in wine grapes, adds to the production costs and generates substantial on-farm loss during grapevine cultivation in which the health-promoting values of thinned clusters (unripe grapes) are usually overlooked. In particular, the health-promoting properties of flavanol monomers, specifically (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, and their oligomeric procyanidins, have been extensively studied in cocoa and chocolate but not so much in grape thinned clusters in recent epidemiology studies. As part of the important agricultural by-products upcycling effort, the current study compared thinned clusters from Chardonnay and Pinot noir, two premium wine grape varieties cultivated in California, to a traditionally Dutch (alkalized) cocoa powder that has been widely used in food applications. Thinned cluster fractions from Chardonnay and Pinot noir grapes grown in the North Coast of California showed much higher concentrations of flavanol monomers and procyanidins, with 208.8-763.5 times more (+)-catechin, 3.4-19.4 times more (-)-epicatechin, and 3.8-12.3 times more procyanidins (by degree of polymerization DP 1-7) than those in the traditionally Dutch cocoa powder. These flavanol-rich thinned clusters that are also considered as plant-based natural products suggested great potential to be functional ingredients in cocoa-based products-which have been ubiquitously perceived as flavanol-rich products by consumers-to enhance their overall dietary flavanol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Li
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia95616USA
| | - Selina C. Wang
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia95616USA
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Szewczuk NA, Duchowicz PR, Pomilio AB, Lobayan RM. Resonance structure contributions, flexibility, and frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) of pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin throughout the conformational space: application to antioxidant and antimutagenic activities. J Mol Model 2022; 29:2. [PMID: 36480114 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This research refers to the study and understanding of the conformational space of the positive-charged anthocyanidin structures in relation with the known chemical reactivities and bioactivities of these compounds. Therefore, the planar (P) and nonplanar (Z) conformers of the three hydroxylated anthocyanidins pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin were analyzed throughout the conformational space at the B3LYP/6-311 ++ G** level of theory. The outcome displayed eleven new conformers for pelargonidin, fifty-four for cyanidin, and thirty-one for delphinidin. Positive-charged quinoidal structures showed a significant statistical weight in the conformational space, thus coexisting simultaneously with other resonance structures, such that under certain reaction conditions, the anthocyanidins behave as positive-charged quinoidal structures instead of oxonium salts. The calculations of the permanent dipole moment and the polarizability showed relationships with the quantity and arrangement of hydroxyls in the structure. In addition, theoretical calculations were used to analyze the frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) of the three anthocyanidins. The novel conception of this work lies in the fact that dipole moment, polarizability, and HOMO-LUMO values were related to the reactivity/bioactivity of these three anthocyanidins. HOMO-LUMO energy gaps were useful to explain the antioxidant activity, while the percent atom contributions to HOMO were appropriate to demonstrate the antimutagenic activity as enzyme inhibitors, as well as the steric and electrostatic requirements to form the pharmacophore. Delphinidin was the strongest antioxidant anthocyanidin, and pelargonidin the best anthocyanidin with antimutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Szewczuk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Diag. 113 Y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, B1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Duchowicz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Diag. 113 Y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, B1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia B Pomilio
- Laboratorio de Química y Bioquímica Estructural, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Hematología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana M Lobayan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Libertad 5300, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
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Anitha S, Selvapriya R, Shankar R, Nalini B, Sasirekha V, Mayandi J. Evidence of charge donation through synergistic effect of bioconjugated silver nanoparticles with flavanols accomplishing augmented antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kaya Y. Investigation of spectroscopic, crystallographic, thermal and antioxidant properties of mononuclear dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes derived from a new symmetric bisthiocarbohydrazone. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pomilio AB, Szewczuk NA, Duchowicz PR. Dietary anthocyanins balance immune signs in osteoarthritis and obesity - update of human in vitro studies and clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2634-2672. [PMID: 36148839 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are known to change ligand-receptor bindings, cell membrane permeability, and intracellular signaling pathways. The beneficial effects of dietary anthocyanins have been chronologically demonstrated in interventional and observational studies, including fourteen human chondrocyte studies and related cell culture assays, nineteen human clinical trials in osteoarthritis patients, seven in vivo obesity assays, nineteen in vitro assays in preadipocytes and related cells, and twenty-two clinical trials in overweight/obese subjects, which are critically discussed in this update. Strawberries, cherries, berries, pomegranate, tropical fruits, rosehip, purple rice, purple corn, red beans, and black soybean, together with cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, some 3-O-glycosides, metabolites, and acylated anthocyanins from a potato cultivar have shown the best outcomes. The set of these five key tests and clinical trials, taken together, contributes to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and pathways involved. Furthermore, this set shows the value of anthocyanins in counteracting the progression of osteoarthritis/obesity. The interplay between the inflammation of osteoarthritis and obesity, and the subsequent regulation/immunomodulation was performed through isolated and food anthocyanins. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of anthocyanins explain the findings of the studies analyzed. However, further interventional studies should be conducted to finally establish the appropriate doses for anthocyanin supplementation, dose-response, and length of consumption, to include dietary recommendations for osteoarthritis/obese patients for preventive and management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B Pomilio
- Laboratorio de Química y Bioquímica Estructural, CONICET, Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas A Szewczuk
- Laboratorio de QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Duchowicz
- Laboratorio de QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Plata, Argentina
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Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant evaluation with in silico studies of new thiazole Schiff base derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Shi S, Lv M, Jin L, Qin G, Gao Y, Ji J, Hao L. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanin revealed through the hydrogen atom transfer: combined effects of temperature and pH *. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1936246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengdan Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongwei Qin
- Bioresources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Qinba Bluebery Research of Shaanxi Fruit Industry Center, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Ji
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Hao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
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How the functional group substitution and solvent effects affect the antioxidant activity of (+)-catechin? J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Anitha S, Krishnan S, Senthilkumar K, Sasirekha V. Theoretical investigation on the structure and antioxidant activity of (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin – a comparative study. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1745917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Anitha
- Department of Physics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - S. Krishnan
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - K. Senthilkumar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - V. Sasirekha
- Department of Physics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
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Mendoza-Wilson AM, Balandrán-Quintana RR. Computational and Experimental Progress on the Structure and Chemical Reactivity of Procyanidins: Their Potential as Metalloproteinases Inhibitors. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666180828114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in various physiological
processes essential for living beings, but the loss of the regulatory control by endogenous
inhibitors of MMPs, leads to the development of serious diseases such as cardiovascular
system affections, cancer, and metastasis. For these reasons, exogenous inhibitors
are required for these enzymes, which are able to control the proteolytic activity
and are selective towards the different MMPs, besides properties which, from the
pharmacological point of view, are necessary to be effective under physiological
conditions. Based on these expectations, some bioactive compounds that are abundant in
the human diet, like procyanidins (PCs) have emerged as potential exogenous inhibitors
of MMPs. This review presents the advances of experimental and computational investigations
carried out to date on the structure and chemical reactivity of PCs, to support the basis of their potential
use as MMP inhibitors. For such purpose, specific sites among MMPs identified for a selective inhibition, the
role of PCs in the regulation of MMPs by posttranscriptional mechanisms at the level of microRNAs, modulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), effects on tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), the crosslinking of PCs
with the extracellular matrix proteins, as well as direct interaction between PCs and MMPs, are discussed.
Methods for isolation and synthesis of PCs, as well as hydrophilicity properties, bioavailability, and susceptibility
to be metabolized in oral intake, are also addressed. The information gathered in this review could additionally
help to visualize future research related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Mendoza-Wilson
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Coordinacion de Tecnologia de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Son, Mexico
| | - René Renato Balandrán-Quintana
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Coordinacion de Tecnologia de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Son, Mexico
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QSAR studies of the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:5518-5530. [PMID: 31749500 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Through experimental information available from antioxidant assays of seventeen anthocyanins, and six common anthocyanidins, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) have been established in the present work. The antioxidant bioactivity has been predicted in three different lipid environments: emulsified and bulk oil (methyl linoleate) (in vitro tests) at concentrations of 50 and 250 μM, and 50 μM of the inhibitor, respectively, and in human LDL (low-density lipoprotein; "bad cholesterol") (ex vivo test) at concentrations of 2.5, 10, and 25 μM of the inhibitor. Radical scavenging activity was predicted in the assay with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·). The QSAR models developed for each test and concentration used allowed to obtain prospective information on the constitutional and topological molecular characteristics for anthocyanin/anthocyanidin compounds. Therefore, the antioxidant activity was predicted for twenty-one compounds with unknown experimental values, leading for some of them to a favorable predicted bioactivity.
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Synthesis, antioxidant activity and SAR study of novel spiro-isatin-based Schiff bases. Mol Divers 2019; 23:829-844. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-09910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Conformational and NBO studies of serotonin as a radical scavenger. Changes induced by the OH group. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:224-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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