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Hammud HH, Yar M, Bayach I, Ayub K. Covalent Triazine Framework C 6N 6 as an Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrogen-Containing Industrial Pollutants. A DFT Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1121. [PMID: 36986015 PMCID: PMC10053058 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Industrial pollutants pose a serious threat to ecosystems. Hence, there is a need to search for new efficient sensor materials for the detection of pollutants. In the current study, we explored the electrochemical sensing potential of a C6N6 sheet for H-containing industrial pollutants (HCN, H2S, NH3 and PH3) through DFT simulations. The adsorption of industrial pollutants over C6N6 occurs through physisorption, with adsorption energies ranging from -9.36 kcal/mol to -16.46 kcal/mol. The non-covalent interactions of analyte@C6N6 complexes are quantified by symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT0), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses. SAPT0 analyses show that electrostatic and dispersion forces play a dominant role in the stabilization of analytes over C6N6 sheets. Similarly, NCI and QTAIM analyses also verified the results of SAPT0 and interaction energy analyses. The electronic properties of analyte@C6N6 complexes are investigated by electron density difference (EDD), natural bond orbital analyses (NBO) and frontier molecular orbital analyses (FMO). Charge is transferred from the C6N6 sheet to HCN, H2S, NH3 and PH3. The highest exchange of charge is noted for H2S (-0.026 e-). The results of FMO analyses show that the interaction of all analytes results in changes in the EH-L gap of the C6N6 sheet. However, the highest decrease in the EH-L gap (2.58 eV) is observed for the NH3@C6N6 complex among all studied analyte@C6N6 complexes. The orbital density pattern shows that the HOMO density is completely concentrated on NH3, while the LUMO density is centred on the C6N6 surface. Such a type of electronic transition results in a significant change in the EH-L gap. Thus, it is concluded that C6N6 is highly selective towards NH3 compared to the other studied analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H. Hammud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Imene Bayach
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22060, Pakistan
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Adsorption of a water molecule on the surface of neutral and charged titanium clusters: Tin-H2O, Tin+1-H2O, Tin-1-H2O, n ≤ 9. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Ontiveros-Rosales M, Espinoza-Vázquez A, Rodríguez Gómez F, Valdez-Rodríguez S, Miralrio A, Acosta-Garcia B, Castro M. Imidazolate of 1-butyl-3-ethyl imidazole as corrosion inhibitor on API 5L X52 steel in NaCl saturated with CO2. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gutsev GL, Tibbetts KM, Gutsev LG, Aldoshin SM, Ramachandran BR. Mechanisms of complete dissociation of CO2 on iron clusters. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200277. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities and Sciences Chemistry 1001 W. Main St 23284 Richmond UNITED STATES
| | - Lavrenty G Gutsev
- Louisiana Technical University: Louisiana Tech University Institute for Micromanufacturing 71272 Ruston UNITED STATES
| | - Sergey M Aldoshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Quantum Chemistry 1 Acad. Semenov av 142432 Chernogolovka RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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Espinoza Vázquez A, González-Olvera R, Moreno Cerros D, Negrón Silva G, Figueroa I, Rodríguez Gómez F, Castro M, Miralrio A, Huerta L. Inhibition of acid corrosion in API 5L X52 steel with 1,2,3-triazole derivatized from benzyl alcohol: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Limon P, Miralrio A, Gómez-Balderas R, Castro M. Small Transition-Metal Mixed Clusters as Activators of the C-O Bond. Fe nCu m-CO ( n + m = 6): A Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7940-7955. [PMID: 34473929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Binding of carbon monoxide, CO, and its activation on the surface of the FenCumCO (n + m = 6) clusters are studied in this work. Using the BPW91/6-311 + G(2d) method, we have found that adsorption of the CO molecule on the surface of FenCum (n + m = 6) clusters is thermochemically favorable. Atop and bridge CO cluster coordinations appear for pure, Fe6 and Cu6, and mixed, Fe2Cu4 and Fe4Cu2, clusters. Threefold coordination takes place for Fe3Cu3-CO where the CO bond length, dCO, suffers a largest increase from 1.128 ± 0.014 Å for bare CO up to 1.21 Å. The CO stretching, νCO, as an indicator for the CO bond weakening is redshifted, from 2099 ± 4 cm-1 for isolated CO up to 1690 cm-1 for Fe3Cu3CO and 1678 cm-1 for Fe6CO. In addition, in Cu6CO, the strongest CO bond is slightly weakened as it has a bond length of 1.15 Å and a νCO of 2029 cm-1. There is a correlation between the CO bond weakening and the increase of CO coordination in FenCumCO, which in turns promotes the transference of charges from the metal core into the antibonding orbitals of CO. Substitution of up to three Cu atoms in Fe6 increases the adsorption energies and the activation of CO. Indeed, FenCum (n + m = 6) are promising clusters to catalyze CO dissociation, particularly Fe3Cu3, Fe5Cu, and Fe6, which have large CO bond lengths and CO adsorption energies. The Bader analysis of the electronic density indicates that FenCumCO species with threefold coordination show a rise in the C-O covalent character due to the less electronic polarization. They also show important M → CO charge transfer, which favors the weakening of the CO bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Limon
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Alan Miralrio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rodolfo Gómez-Balderas
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Miguel Castro
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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Chen B, Gutsev GL, Sun W, Kuang X, Lu C, Gutsev LG, Aldoshin SM, Ramachandran BR. Dissociation of dinitrogen on iron clusters: a detailed study of the Fe 16 + N 2 case. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2166-2178. [PMID: 33438692 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The coalescence of two Fe8N as well as the structure of the Fe16N2 cluster were studied using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation and a basis set of triple-zeta quality. It was found that the coalescence may proceed without an energy barrier and that the geometrical structures of the resulting clusters depend strongly on the mutual orientations of the initial moieties. The dissociation of N2 is energetically favorable on Fe16, and the nitrogen atoms share the same Fe atom in the lowest energy state of the Fe16N2 species. The attachment of two nitrogen atoms leads to a decrease in the total spin magnetic moment of the ground-state Fe16 host by 6 μB due to the peculiarities of chemical bonding in the magnetic clusters. In order to gain insight into the dependence of properties on charge and to estimate the bonding energies of both N atoms, we performed optimizations of Fe16N and the singly charged ions of both Fe16N2 and Fe16N. It was found that the electronic properties of the Fe16N2 cluster, such as electron affinity and ionization energy, do not appreciably depend on the attachment of nitrogen atoms but that the average binding energy per atom changes significantly. The lowering in total energy due to the attachment of two N atoms was found to be nearly independent of charge. The IR and Raman spectra were simulated for Fe16N2 and its ions, and it was found that the positions of the most intense peaks in the IR spectra strongly depend on charge and therefore present fingerprints of the charged states. The chemical bonding in the ground-state Fe16N20,±1 species was described in terms of the localized molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bole Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Limon P, Miralrio A, Gomez-Balderas R, Castro M. Carbon Monoxide Activation on Small Iron Magnetic Cluster Surfaces, Fe nCO, n = 1-20. A Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9951-9962. [PMID: 33207867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical activation of the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule on the surface of iron clusters Fen (n = 1-20) is studied in this work. By means of density functional theory (DFT) all-electron calculations, we have found that the adsorption of CO over the bare magnetic Fen (n = 1-20) clusters is thermochemically favorable. The Fen-CO interaction increases the C-O bond length, from 1.128 ± 0.014 Å, for isolated CO, up to 1.251 Å, for Fe9CO. Also, the calculated wavenumbers associated with the stretching modes νCO are decreased, or red-shifted, as another indicator of the CO bond weakening, passing from 2099 ± 4 to 1438 cm-1. Markedly, wavenumbers of vibrational modes νCO agree admirably well in comparison with experimental results reported for FenCO (n = 1, 18-20), getting small errors below 2.6%. The C-O bond is enlarged on the FenCO (n = 1-20) composed systems, as the CO molecule increases its bonding, charge transference, and coordination with the iron cluster. Therefore, small bare iron particles Fen (n = 1-20) can be proposed to promote the CO dissociation, especially Fe9CO, which has been proven to obtain the most prominent activation of the strong C-O bond by means of the charge transference from the metal core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Limon
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Alan Miralrio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, México
| | - Rodolfo Gomez-Balderas
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Miguel Castro
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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Yar M, Hashmi MA, Ayub K. The C2N surface as a highly selective sensor for the detection of nitrogen iodide from a mixture of NX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) explosives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31997-32010. [PMID: 35518175 PMCID: PMC9056556 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Explosives are quite toxic and destructive; therefore, it is necessary to not only detect them but also remove them. The adsorption behavior of NX3 analytes (NCl3, NBr3 and NI3) over the microporous C2N surface was evaluated by DFT calculations. The nature of interactions between NX3 and C2N was characterized by adsorption energy, NCI, QTAIM, SAPT0, NBO, EDD and FMO analysis. The interaction energies of NX3 with C2N are in the range of −10.85 to −16.31 kcal mol−1 and follow the order of NCl3@C2N > NBr3@C2N > NI3@C2N, respectively. The 3D isosurfaces and 2D-RGD graph of NCI analysis qualitatively confirmed the existence of halogen bonding interactions among the studied systems. Halogen bonding was quantified by SAPT0 component energy analysis. The SAPT0 results revealed that ΔEdisp (56.75%) is the dominant contributor towards interaction energy, whereas contributions from ΔEelst and ΔEind are 29.41% and 14.34%, respectively. The QTAIM analysis also confirmed the presence of halogen bonding between atoms of NX3 and C2N surface. EDD analysis also validated NCI, QTAIM and NBO analysis. FMO analysis revealed that the adsorption of NI3 on the C2N surface caused the highest change in the EHOMO–LUMO gap (from 5.71 to 4.15 eV), and resulted in high sensitivity and selectivity of the C2N surface towards NI3, as compared to other analytes. It is worth mentioning that in all complexes, a significant difference in the EHOMO–LUMO gap was seen when electronic transitions occurred from the analyte to the C2N surface. Explosives are quite toxic and destructive; therefore, it is necessary to not only detect them but also remove them.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yar
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University
- Abbottabad Campus
- Pakistan
| | | | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University
- Abbottabad Campus
- Pakistan
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Wang Z, Bian H, Li J, Zhong W, Liang T, Zhao J. Structural patterns in carbon chemisorption on ultrasmall iron clusters: A first-principles study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huang L, Li J, Li G, Xie Y, King RB, Schaefer HF. Alternative modes of bonding of C 4F 8 units in mononuclear and binuclear iron carbonyl complexes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lowest energy C4F8Fe(CO)4 structure is not the experimentally known ferracyclopentane complex but instead isomeric (perfluorobutene)iron tetracarbonyls. However, activation energies for the fluorine shifts required to form the latter isomers are very high. The lowest energy (C4F8)2Fe2(CO)n (n = 7, 6) structures have bridging perfluorocarbene and terminal perfluoroolefin ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of the Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of the Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
| | - Guoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of the Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - R. Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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Roy G, Chattopadhyay AP. Reactivity of CO on Ni 4 cluster- effect of spin multiplicity and H doping-A DFT investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:362-369. [PMID: 29957415 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the reactivity of carbon monoxide on tetrahedral Ni4 clusters at different spin multiplicity applying density functional theory calculations considering pure and hybrid functional. The stability of the clusters increases with the increasing spin multiplicity and doping hydrogen in Ni4 cluster. The adsorption or binding energy of CO on Ni4 cluster is thermodynamically feasible process at normal condition whereas dissociation is not feasible. Ab initio molecular orbital analysis shows the orbital overlaps are observed at bridging site, three fold sites, and tetra coordinated centre and formation of δ-bond in the cluster. In NBO analysis, CO binds strongly to the Ni4 cluster not only by two NiC bond (spd hybrid), but also donor-acceptor delocalization interactions, for example, σ type BD(CO) → BD*(NiC) and BD(NiC) → BD*(NiC/CO), two π-type BD(CO) → LP*(Ni) and several diffuse RY*(C) ← LP(Ni) and π*(CO) ← LP(Ni) interactions. Singlet Ni4 cluster shows highest activation energy barrier, 3 eV. H-doped Ni4 cluster decreases dissociation barrier and favors CH bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanashyam Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Krishnagar Govt. College, West Bengal 741101, India.
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