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Liu B, Liu L, Qin X, Liu Y, Yang R, Mo X, Qin C, Liang C, Yao S. Effect of Substituents on Molecular Reactivity during Lignin Oxidation by Chlorine Dioxide: A Density Functional Theory Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11809. [PMID: 37511570 PMCID: PMC10380563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a polymer with a complex structure. It is widely present in lignocellulosic biomass, and it has a variety of functional group substituents and linkage forms. Especially during the oxidation reaction, the positioning effect of the different substituents of the benzene ring leads to differences in lignin reactivity. The position of the benzene ring branched chain with respect to methoxy is important. The study of the effect of benzene substituents on the oxidation reaction's activity is still an unfinished task. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) and the m062x/6-311+g (d) basis set were used. Differences in the processes of phenolic oxygen intermediates formed by phenolic lignin structures (with different substituents) with chlorine dioxide during the chlorine dioxide reaction were investigated. Six phenolic lignin model species with different structures were selected. Bond energies, electrostatic potentials, atomic charges, Fukui functions and double descriptors of lignin model substances and reaction energy barriers are compared. The effects of benzene ring branched chains and methoxy on the mechanism of chlorine dioxide oxidation of lignin were revealed systematically. The results showed that the substituents with shorter branched chains and strong electron-absorbing ability were more stable. Lignin is not easily susceptible to the effects of chlorine dioxide. The substituents with longer branched chains have a significant effect on the flow of electron clouds. The results demonstrate that chlorine dioxide can affect the electron arrangement around the molecule, which directly affects the electrophilic activity of the molecule. The electron-absorbing effect of methoxy leads to a low dissociation energy of the phenolic hydroxyl group. Electrophilic reagents are more likely to attack this reaction site. In addition, the stabilizing effect of methoxy on the molecular structure of lignin was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chengrong Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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2
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Boukabcha N, Benmohammed A, Belhachemi MHM, Goudjil M, Yahiaoui S, Megrouss Y, Djafri A, Khelloul N, Benyehlou ZD, Djafri A, Chouaih A. Spectral investigation, TD-DFT study, Hirshfeld Surface analysis, NCI-RDG, HOMO-LUMO, chemical reactivity and NLO properties of 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-bromolindolin-2,3-dione. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Sharma SJ, Sekar N. Charge Transfer as Bridging Correlator for DSSC Efficiency and NLO Property. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryapratap J. Sharma
- Dyestuff Technology Department (Currently named Department of Specialty Chemicals Technology) Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 Maharashtra India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Dyestuff Technology Department (Currently named Department of Specialty Chemicals Technology) Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 Maharashtra India
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Khelloul N, Toubal K, Boukabcha N, Dege N, Djafri A, Belkafouf NEH, Benhalima N, Djafri A, Chouaih A, Atalay Y. 2-thioxo -3N-(2-ethoxyphenyl) -5[4′-methyl -3′N-(2′-ethoxyphenyl) thiazol-2′(3′H)-ylidene] thiazolidin-4-one: Growth, spectroscopic behavior, single-crystal investigation, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT/TD-DFT computational studies and NLO evaluation. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2134373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Khelloul
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Mustapha Stambouli University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
| | - Khaled Toubal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Mustapha Stambouli University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Département de Chimie, Université Oran-1, Oran, Algeria
| | - Nourdine Boukabcha
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatic, Hassiba Benbouali University, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Necmi Dege
- Department of Physics, Ondokuz Mayis Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Djafri
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-chimiques (CRAPC), Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Nour El Houda Belkafouf
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Nadia Benhalima
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
- Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Dr. Tahar Moulay University of Saida, Saida, Algeria
| | - Ayada Djafri
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Département de Chimie, Université Oran-1, Oran, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Chouaih
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Yusuf Atalay
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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5
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Yadav SB, Sekar N. Linear, nonlinear optical properties and structure-property relationships in ESIPT-rhodols. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Shinde S, Sekar N. Comparative studies of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and azo-hydrazone tautomerism in naphthalene-based fluorescent acid azo dyes by computational study. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We found that benzothiazole is responsible for enhancing fastness properties of dyes. On comparing the total electronic energies of naphthol tautomers (−1425.16 eV) and its analogs (−2146.59 eV), we found that benzothiazolyl series is more stable than the naphthol series. Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) also show flow of charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor in benzothiazole-containing compounds, whereas it is absent in plane naphthol series. Among the benzothiazolyl isomers, the hydrazone form is found to be more stable and responsible for fluorescence possession. Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO)–Lowest Occupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy band gap also indicates the same. Electrophilicity index and hyper-hardness values of both the series were found to be positive which directly ratifies photostability and reactivity. Benzothiazolyl series was found to be more stable, hence light fastness, enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvidha Shinde
- Department of Dyestuff Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology, (Formerly UDCT) , Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga , 400 019 Mumbai , India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology, (Formerly UDCT) , Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga , 400 019 Mumbai , India
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7
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Ghanavatkar CW, Mishra VR, Ayare N, Mathew E, Thomas SS, Joe IH, Sekar N. Positional isomers of heterocyclic azo dyes: Investigation of NLO properties by Z-scan and correlative DFT studies. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Bhalekar S, Bhagwat A, Sekar N. Fluorescent styryl chromophores with rigid (pyrazole) donor and rigid (benzothiophenedioxide) acceptor – complete density functional theory (DFT), TDDFT and nonlinear optical study. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT computations were employed to examine linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of (E)-4-((1,1-dioxido-3-oxobenzo[b]thiophen-2(3H)-ylidene) ethyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one derived styryl dyes. NLO properties were computed using the two different global hybrid functionals B3LYP, BHandHLYP and three range separated hybrid functionals CAM B3LYP, wB97, wB97X and wB97XD with the basis sets 6–311++G(d,p), cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ. The compounds shows higher values of dipole moment around 8–9 Debye than the other compounds. They show higher values of α
0, ß
0 and γ
0 values. The values of γ
0 are around 204–544 × 10−36 e.s.u. with the method, B3LYP/6–311++G(d, p). We have calculated the mean absolute error (MAE) for dipole moment, α
0, ß
0 and γ
0 values. It is observed that MAE is less (0.89) for wB97/6–311++G(d,p) which indicates that wB97 is the most suited functional for all three compounds. Chemical stability and reactivity of these dyes were studied using electrophilicity index and chemical hardness and hyperhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Bhalekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , Matunga , Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Archana Bhagwat
- Department of Dyestuff Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , Matunga , Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , Matunga , Mumbai 400 019, India
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9
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Ghanavatkar CW, Mishra VR, Sekar N. Comparison of donors julolidine and triphenylamine in TCF-based NLOphoric dyes – a DFT approach. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1853266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Virendra R. Mishra
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Ghanavatkar CW, Mishra VR, Sekar N. Charge Transfer Parameters, Correlative Perturbation Potential with Non‐Linear Optical Properties of Bi‐Heterocyclic Dyes Having TCF Acceptor‐ DFT Approach. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Virendra R. Mishra
- Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga Mumbai India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga Mumbai India
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Grib I, Berredjem M, Rachedi KO, Djouad SE, Bouacida S, Bahadi R, Ouk TS, Kadri M, Ben Hadda T, Belhani B. Novel N-sulfonylphthalimides: Efficient synthesis, X-ray characterization, spectral investigations, POM analyses, DFT computations and antibacterial activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Yadav SB, Sekar N. Static- and frequency-dependent NLO properties of dithienothiophene and thienothiophene bridges — A computational investigation. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633620500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have explored detailed linear and nonlinear optical properties of push-pull systems bearing thienothiophene and dithienothiophene spacers. By using density functional theory (DFT), frequency-dependent strategies were applied to examine the polarizability ([Formula: see text] and hyperpolarizability ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The set of global and range-separated hybrid functionals with different Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange percentage at two basis sets cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ were used to evaluate the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The observed trends in the absorption maxima supported by perturbation potential analysis; as the absorption maxima increases, the respective amplitude potential decreases. For the investigated compounds, [Formula: see text]-conjugation along with the type of substituted acceptor plays a crucial role in the enhancement of NLO properties. The presence of acceptor group and length of conjugation increase between the D and A group; the first- and second-order intrinsic hyperpolarizability increases, leads to enhanced first- as well as second-order hyperpolarizability. Bond length alternation (BLA)/bond order alteration (BOA) exploration suggested that compounds attain cyanine limit. The trends in NLO properties for investigated compounds are supported by chemical reactivity descriptors, hardness and hyperhardness analysis. The polarizability is linearly correlated with the hyperpolarizability parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and shows a good regression coefficient by figures of merit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B. Yadav
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai — 400 019, India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai — 400 019, India
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Ayare NN, Sharma S, Sonigara KK, Prasad J, Soni SS, Sekar N. Synthesis and computational study of coumarin thiophene-based D-π-A azo bridge colorants for DSSC and NLOphoric application. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Yadav SB, Taware S, Sreenath MC, Chitrambalam S, Joe IH, Sekar N. Experimental and theoretical investigation of linear and nonlinear optical properties of ethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐napthoate azo dyes by solvatochromic, computational aspects, and Z‐scan technique. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B. Yadav
- Dyestuff Technology DepartmentInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Sohan Taware
- Dyestuff Technology DepartmentInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Mavila C. Sreenath
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of PhysicsMar Ivanios College Thiruananthapuram India
| | - Subramaniyan Chitrambalam
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of PhysicsMar Ivanios College Thiruananthapuram India
| | - Isaac H. Joe
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of PhysicsMar Ivanios College Thiruananthapuram India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Dyestuff Technology DepartmentInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
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Ghanavatkar CW, Mishra VR, Sekar N, Mathew E, Thomas SS, Joe IH. Benzothiazole pyrazole containing emissive azo dyes decorated with ESIPT core: Linear and non linear optical properties, Z scan, optical limiting, laser damage threshold with comparative DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Ayare NN, Shukla VK, Sekar N. Charge transfer and nonlinear optical properties of anthraquinone D-π-A dyes in relation with the DFT based molecular descriptors and perturbational potential. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Yadav SB, Sreenath MC, Chitrambalam S, Joe IH, Sekar N. NLO Properties of 2‐Napthol Monoazo Disperse Dyes by DFT and Z‐Scan Technique – A Detailed Study. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B. Yadav
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai India
| | - Mavila C. Sreenath
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics ResearchDepartment of PhysicsMar Ivanios College, Thiruananthapuram Kerala 695015 India
| | - Subramaniyan Chitrambalam
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics ResearchDepartment of PhysicsMar Ivanios College, Thiruananthapuram Kerala 695015 India
| | - Isaac H. Joe
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics ResearchDepartment of PhysicsMar Ivanios College, Thiruananthapuram Kerala 695015 India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai India
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