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Song C, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Conformational Essentials Responsible for Neurotoxicity of Aβ42 Aggregates Revealed by Antibodies against Oligomeric Aβ42. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196751. [PMID: 36235284 PMCID: PMC9570743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soluble aggregation of amyloid β-peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) and deposition of Aβ42 aggregates are the initial pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The bipolar nature of Aβ42 molecule results in its ability to assemble into distinct oligomers and higher aggregates, which may drive some of the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in AD. Agents targeting Aβ42 or its aggregates, such as anti-Aβ42 antibodies, can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ42 and toxicity of Aβ42 aggregates to neural cells to a certain extent. However, the epitope specificity of an antibody affects its binding affinity for different Aβ42 species. Different antibodies target different sites on Aβ42 and thus elicit different neuroprotective or cytoprotective effects. In the present review, we summarize significant information reflected by anti-Aβ42 antibodies in different immunotherapies and propose an overview of the structure (conformation)-toxicity relationship of Aβ42 aggregates. This review aimed to provide a reference for the directional design of antibodies against the most pathogenic conformation of Aβ42 aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuli Song
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingjiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence:
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Lee A, Kondapalli C, Virga DM, Lewis TL, Koo SY, Ashok A, Mairet-Coello G, Herzig S, Foretz M, Viollet B, Shaw R, Sproul A, Polleux F. Aβ42 oligomers trigger synaptic loss through CAMKK2-AMPK-dependent effectors coordinating mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4444. [PMID: 35915085 PMCID: PMC9343354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in both mouse models and human patients, soluble forms of Amyloid-β 1-42 oligomers (Aβ42o) trigger loss of excitatory synapses (synaptotoxicity) in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons (PNs) prior to the formation of insoluble amyloid plaques. In a transgenic AD mouse model, we observed a spatially restricted structural remodeling of mitochondria in the apical tufts of CA1 PNs dendrites corresponding to the dendritic domain where the earliest synaptic loss is detected in vivo. We also observed AMPK over-activation as well as increased fragmentation and loss of mitochondrial biomass in Ngn2-induced neurons derived from a new APPSwe/Swe knockin human ES cell line. We demonstrate that Aβ42o-dependent over-activation of the CAMKK2-AMPK kinase dyad mediates synaptic loss through coordinated phosphorylation of MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission and ULK2-dependent mitophagy. Our results uncover a unifying stress-response pathway causally linking Aβ42o-dependent structural remodeling of dendritic mitochondria to synaptic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- The Integrated Graduate Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandana Kondapalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Archana Ashok
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Herzig
- Molecular & Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Reuben Shaw
- Molecular & Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Rao CV, Asch AS, Carr DJJ, Yamada HY. "Amyloid-beta accumulation cycle" as a prevention and/or therapy target for Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13109. [PMID: 31981470 PMCID: PMC7059149 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle and its regulators are validated targets for cancer drugs. Reagents that target cells in a specific cell cycle phase (e.g., antimitotics or DNA synthesis inhibitors/replication stress inducers) have demonstrated success as broad-spectrum anticancer drugs. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are drivers of cell cycle transitions. A CDK inhibitor, flavopiridol/alvocidib, is an FDA-approved drug for acute myeloid leukemia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is another serious issue in contemporary medicine. The cause of AD remains elusive, although a critical role of latent amyloid-beta accumulation has emerged. Existing AD drug research and development targets include amyloid, amyloid metabolism/catabolism, tau, inflammation, cholesterol, the cholinergic system, and other neurotransmitters. However, none have been validated as therapeutically effective targets. Recent reports from AD-omics and preclinical animal models provided data supporting the long-standing notion that cell cycle progression and/or mitosis may be a valid target for AD prevention and/or therapy. This review will summarize the recent developments in AD research: (a) Mitotic re-entry, leading to the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle," may be a prerequisite for amyloid-beta accumulation and AD pathology development; (b) AD-associated pathogens can cause cell cycle errors; (c) thirteen among 37 human AD genetic risk genes may be functionally involved in the cell cycle and/or mitosis; and (d) preclinical AD mouse models treated with CDK inhibitor showed improvements in cognitive/behavioral symptoms. If the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle is an AD drug target" concept is proven, repurposing of cancer drugs may emerge as a new, fast-track approach for AD management in the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Stephenson Cancer CenterDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
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Autophagy modulates Aβ accumulation and formation of aggregates in yeast. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 104:103466. [PMID: 31962153 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The autophagy-lysosomal pathway is an important pathway for maintaining cellular proteostasis and for the removal of damaged organelles and protein aggregates in all eukaryotes. Despite mounting evidence showing that modulating autophagy promotes clearance of Aβ aggregates, the regulatory mechanisms and signalling pathways underlying this process remain poorly understood. In order to gain better insight we used our previously characterised yeast model expressing GFP-Aβ42 to identify genes that regulate the removal of Aβ42 aggregates by autophagy. We report that GFP-Aβ42 is sequestered and is selectively transported to vacuole for degradation and that autophagy is the prominent pathway for clearance of aggregates. Next, to identify genes that selectively promote the removal of Aβ42 aggregates, we screened levels of GFP-Aβ42 and non-aggregating GFP-Aβ42 (19:34) proteins in a panel of 192 autophagy mutants lacking genes involved in regulation and initiation of the pathway, cargo selection and degradation processes. The nutrient and stress signalling genes RRD1, SNF4, GCN4 and SSE1 were identified. Deletion of these genes impaired GFP-Aβ42 clearance and their overexpression reduced GFP-Aβ42 levels in yeast. Overall, our findings identify a novel role for these nutrient and stress signalling genes in the targeted elimination of Aβ42 aggregates, which offer a promising avenue for developing autophagy based therapies to suppress amyloid deposition in AD.
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Linking Mitochondria to Synapses: New Insights for Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3985063. [PMID: 26885402 PMCID: PMC4738951 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3985063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain evolved cellular mechanisms for adapting synaptic function to energy supply. This is particularly evident when homeostasis is challenged by stress. Signaling loops between the mitochondria and synapses scale neuronal connectivity with bioenergetics capacity. A biphasic “inverted U shape” response to the stress hormone glucocorticoids is demonstrated in mitochondria and at synapses, modulating neural plasticity and physiological responses. Low dose enhances neurotransmission, synaptic growth, mitochondrial functions, learning, and memory whereas chronic, higher doses produce inhibition of these functions. The range of physiological effects by stress and glucocorticoid depends on the dose, duration, and context at exposure. These criteria are met by neuronal activity and the circadian, stress-sensitive and ultradian, stress-insensitive modes of glucocorticoid secretion. A major hallmark of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders is the disrupted glucocorticoid rhythms and tissue resistance to signaling with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR resistance could result from the loss of context-dependent glucocorticoid signaling mediated by the downregulation of the activity-dependent neurotrophin BDNF. The coincidence of BDNF and GR signaling changes glucocorticoid signaling output with consequences on mitochondrial respiration efficiency, synaptic plasticity, and adaptive trajectories.
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Jebelli J, Su W, Hopkins S, Pocock J, Garden GA. Glia: guardians, gluttons, or guides for the maintenance of neuronal connectivity? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1351:1-10. [PMID: 25752338 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An emerging aspect of neuronal-glial interactions is the connection glial cells have to synapses. Mounting research now suggests a far more intimate relationship than previously recognized. Moreover, the current evidence implicating synapse loss in neurodegenerative disease etiology is overwhelming, but the role of glia in the process of synaptic degeneration has only recently been considered in earnest. Each main class of glial cell, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, performs crucial and multifaceted roles in the maintenance of synaptic function and excitability. As such, aging and/or neuronal stress from disease-related misfolded proteins may involve disruption of multiple non-cell-autonomous synaptic support systems that are mediated by neighboring glia. In addition, glial cell activation induced by injury, ischemia, or neurodegeneration is thought to greatly alter the behavior of glial cells toward neuronal synapses, suggesting that neuroinflammation potentially contributes to synapse loss primarily mediated by altered glial functions. This review discusses recent evidence highlighting novel roles for glial cells at neuronal synapses and in the maintenance of neuronal connectivity, focusing primarily on their implications for neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jebelli
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie Hopkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer Pocock
- Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Van Dooren T, Princen K, De Witte K, Griffioen G. Derailed intraneuronal signalling drives pathogenesis in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:167024. [PMID: 25243118 PMCID: PMC4160617 DOI: 10.1155/2014/167024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of genetic and nongenetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors have been identified, their role in onset and/or progression of neuronal degeneration remains elusive. Systematic analysis of AD risk factors revealed that perturbations of intraneuronal signalling pathways comprise a common mechanistic denominator in both familial and sporadic AD and that such alterations lead to increases in Aβ oligomers (Aβo) formation and phosphorylation of TAU. Conversely, Aβo and TAU impact intracellular signalling directly. This feature entails binding of Aβo to membrane receptors, whereas TAU functionally interacts with downstream transducers. Accordingly, we postulate a positive feedback mechanism in which AD risk factors or genes trigger perturbations of intraneuronal signalling leading to enhanced Aβo formation and TAU phosphorylation which in turn further derange signalling. Ultimately intraneuronal signalling becomes deregulated to the extent that neuronal function and survival cannot be sustained, whereas the resulting elevated levels of amyloidogenic Aβo and phosphorylated TAU species self-polymerizes into the AD plaques and tangles, respectively.
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