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Vanderlinden G, Michiels L, Koole M, Lemmens R, Liessens D, Van Walleghem J, Depreitere B, Vandenbulcke M, Van Laere K. Tau Imaging in Late Traumatic Brain Injury: A [ 18F]MK-6240 Positron Emission Tomography Study. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:420-429. [PMID: 38038357 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are common to AD and chronic traumatic encephalopathy following repetitive mild TBI. However, it is unclear if a single TBI is sufficient to cause accumulation of NFTs. We performed a [18F]MK-6240 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study to assess NFTs in patients who had sustained a single TBI at least 2 years prior to study inclusion. Fourteen TBI patients (49 ± 20 years; 5 M/9 F; 8 moderate-severe, 1 mild-probable, 5 symptomatic-possible TBI) and 40 demographically similar controls (57 ± 19 years; 19 M/21 F) underwent simultaneous [18F]MK-6240 PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as neuropsychological assessment including the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). A region-based voxelwise partial volume correction was applied, using parcels obtained by FreeSurfer v6.0, and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) were calculated relative to the cerebellar gray matter. Group differences were assessed on both a voxel- and a volume-of-interest-based level and correlations of [18F]MK-6240 SUVR with time since injury as well as with clinical outcomes were calculated. Visual assessment of TBI images did not show global or focal increases in tracer uptake in any subject. On a group level, [18F]MK-6240 SUVR was not significantly different in patients versus controls or between subgroups of moderate-severe TBI versus less severe TBI. Within the TBI group, One Touch Stockings problem solving and spatial working memory (executive function), reaction time (attention), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (global cognition) were associated with [18F]MK-6240 SUVR. We found no group-based increase of [18F]MK-6240 brain uptake in patients scanned at least 2 years after a single TBI compared with healthy volunteers, which suggests that no NFTs are building up in the first years after a single TBI. Nonetheless, correlations with cognitive outcomes were found that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Vanderlinden
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging and Pathology, and Departments of Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Michiels
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Belgium
- Neurosciences, and Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging and Pathology, and Departments of Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Belgium
- Neurosciences, and Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Liessens
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bart Depreitere
- Department of Neurosurgery, and University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging and Pathology, and Departments of Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hani Hojjati S, Butler TA, Chiang GC, Habeck C, RoyChoudhury A, Feiz F, Shteingart J, Nayak S, Ozoria S, Fernández A, Stern Y, Luchsinger JA, Devanand DP, Razlighi QR. Distinct and joint effects of low and high levels of Aβ and tau deposition on cortical thickness. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103409. [PMID: 37104927 PMCID: PMC10165160 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by the presence of Amyloid-β (Aβ),tau, and neurodegeneration (ATN framework) in the human cerebral cortex. Yet, prior studies have suggested that Aβ deposition can be associated with both cortical thinning and thickening. These contradictory results are attributed to small sample sizes, the presence versus absence of tau, and limited detectability in the earliest phase of protein deposition, which may begin in young adulthood and cannot be captured in studies enrolling only older subjects. In this study, we aimed to find the distinct and joint effects of Aβ andtau on neurodegeneration during the progression from normal to abnormal stages of pathologies that remain elusive. We used18F-MK6240 and 18F-Florbetaben/18F-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify tau, Aβ, and cortical thickness in 590 participants ranging in age from 20 to 90. We performed multiple regression analyses to assess the distinct and joint effects of Aβ and tau on cortical thickness using 590 healthy control (HC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants (141 young, 394 HC elderlies, 52 MCI). We showed thatin participants with normal levels of global Aβdeposition, Aβ uptakewassignificantly associated with increasedcortical thickness regardless of tau (e.g., left entorhinal cortex with t > 3.241, p < 0.0013). The relationship between tau deposition and neurodegeneration was more complex: in participants with abnormal levels of global tau, tau uptake was associated with cortical thinning in several regions of the brain (e.g., left entorhinal with t < -2.80, p < 0.0096 and left insula with t-value < -4.284, p < 0.0001), as reported on prior neuroimaging and neuropathological studies. Surprisingly, in participants with normal levels of global tau, tau was found to be associated with cortical thickening. Moreover, in participants with abnormal levels of global Aβandtau, theresonancebetween them, defined as their correlation throughout the cortex, wasassociated strongly with cortical thinning even when controlling for a direct linear effect. We confirm prior findings of an association between Aβ deposition and cortical thickening and suggest this may also be the case in the earliest stages of deposition in normal aging. We also illustrate that resonance between high levels of Aβ and tau uptake is strongly associated with cortical thinning, emphasizing the effects of Aβ/tau synergy inAD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hani Hojjati
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Tracy A Butler
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gloria C Chiang
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Habeck
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arindam RoyChoudhury
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Farnia Feiz
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob Shteingart
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siddharth Nayak
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sindy Ozoria
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, GH Sergievsky Center, the Taub Institute for the Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - José A Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Davangere P Devanand
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qolamreza R Razlighi
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Soloperto A, Quaglio D, Baiocco P, Romeo I, Mori M, Ardini M, Presutti C, Sannino I, Ghirga S, Iazzetti A, Ippoliti R, Ruocco G, Botta B, Ghirga F, Di Angelantonio S, Boffi A. Rational design and synthesis of a novel BODIPY-based probe for selective imaging of tau tangles in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5257. [PMID: 35347170 PMCID: PMC8960764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the number of neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein and Alzheimer's disease progression, making the quantitative detection of tau very promising from a clinical point of view. However, the lack of highly reliable fluorescent probes for selective imaging of tau neurofibrillary tangles is a major challenge due to sharing similar β–sheet motifs with homologous Amyloid-β fibrils. In the current work, we describe the rational design and the in silico evaluation of a small-size focused library of fluorescent probes, consisting of a BODIPY core (electron acceptor) featuring highly conjugated systems (electron donor) with a length in the range 13–19 Å at C3. Among the most promising probes in terms of binding mode, theoretical affinity and polarity, BT1 has been synthesized and tested in vitro onto human induced pluripotent stem cells derived neuronal cell cultures. The probe showed excellent photophysical properties and high selectivity allowing in vitro imaging of hyperphosphorylated tau protein filaments with minimal background noise. Our findings offer new insight into the structure-activity relationship of this class of tau selective fluorophores, paving the way for boosting tau tangle detection in patients possibly through retinal spectral scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Soloperto
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Baiocco
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Ardini
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Caterina Presutti
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Sannino
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Perani D, Cappa SF. The contribution of positron emission tomography to the study of aphasia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 185:151-165. [PMID: 35078596 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823384-9.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Perani
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- Department of Humanities and Life Sciences, University Institute for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Suhrie KR, Hammers DB, Porter SM, Dixon AM, King JB, Anderson JS, Duff K, Hoffman JM. Predicting biomarkers in intact older adults and those with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and mild Alzheimer's Disease using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:861-878. [PMID: 35019815 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.2023476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) has been associated, to varying degrees, with commonly used biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the ease of RBANS administration as a screening tool for clinical trials and other applications, a better understanding of how RBANS performance is associated with presence of APOE ε4 allele[s], cerebral amyloid burden, and hippocampal volume is warranted. METHOD One hundred twenty-one older adults who were classified as intact, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, or mild AD underwent cognitive assessment with the RBANS, genetic analysis, and quantitative brain imaging. APOE ε4 carrier status, 18F-Flutemetamol composite standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), and hippocampal volume were each regressed on demographic variables and RBANS Total Scale score, Index scores, and subtest scores. RESULTS Lower RBANS Total Scale score or Delayed Memory Index (DMI) predicted the presence of APOE ε4 allele[s], higher cerebral amyloid burden, and lower hippocampal volumes. DMI was a slightly better predictor than Total Scale score for most AD biomarkers. No demographic variables consistently contributed to these models. CONCLUSIONS The RBANS - DMI in particular - is sensitive to AD pathology. As such, it could be used as a predictive tool, particularly in clinical drug trials to enrich samples prior to less accessible AD biomarker investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Suhrie
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dustin B Hammers
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sariah M Porter
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ava M Dixon
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jace B King
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Anderson
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John M Hoffman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Pizzarelli R, Pediconi N, Di Angelantonio S. Molecular Imaging of Tau Protein: New Insights and Future Directions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:586169. [PMID: 33384582 PMCID: PMC7769805 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.586169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein (MAPT) that is highly expressed in neurons and implicated in several cellular processes. Tau misfolding and self-aggregation give rise to proteinaceous deposits known as neuro-fibrillary tangles. Tau tangles play a key role in the genesis of a group of diseases commonly referred to as tauopathies; notably, these aggregates start to form decades before any clinical symptoms manifest. Advanced imaging methodologies have clarified important structural and functional aspects of tau and could have a role as diagnostic tools in clinical research. In the present review, recent progresses in tau imaging will be discussed. We will focus mainly on super-resolution imaging methods and the development of near-infrared fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Pizzarelli
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Pediconi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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The Imaging Features and Clinical Associations of a Novel Tau PET Tracer-18F-APN1607 in Alzheimer Disease. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:747-756. [PMID: 32701794 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REPORT In vivo tau PET imaging could help clarify the spatial distribution of tau deposition in Alzheimer disease (AD) and aid in the differential diagnosis of tauopathies. To date, there have been no in vivo F-APN1607 tau PET studies in patients with AD. METHODS We applied tau tracer in 12 normal controls (NCs) and 10 patients in the mild to moderate stage of probable AD. Detailed clinical information, cognitive measurements, and disease severity were documented. Regional SUV ratios (SUVRs) from F-AV-45 (florbetapir), F-APN1607 PET images, and regional gray matter (GM) atrophic ratios were calculated for further analysis. RESULTS Quantitative analyses showed significantly elevated SUVRs in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes, anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, precuneus, and parahippocampal region (all P's < 0.01) with medium to large effect sizes (0.44-0.75). The SUVRs from F-APN1607 PET imaging showed significant correlations with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) scores (all P's < 0.01) and strong correlation coefficients (R ranged from 0.54 to 0.68), even adjusted for age and sex effects. Finally, the SUVRs from F-APN1607 PET imaging of the parahippocampal region showed rapid saturation as the ADAS-cog scores increased, and the SUVRs of the posterior cingulate gyrus and the temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital regions slowly increased. The combined SUVRs from amyloid, tau PET, and regional GM atrophic ratio showed regional specific patterns as the ADAS-cog scores increased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the F-APN1607 tau tracer correlated well with cognitive changes and demonstrated the spatial pattern of amyloid, tau deposition, and GM atrophy in the progression of AD.
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer disease - one peptide, two pathways. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 16:30-42. [PMID: 31827267 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The shared role of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer disease (AD) is arguably the clearest instance of crosstalk between neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular processes. The pathogenic pathways of CAA and AD intersect at the levels of Aβ generation, its circulation within the interstitial fluid and perivascular drainage pathways and its brain clearance, but diverge in their mechanisms of brain injury and disease presentation. Here, we review the evidence for and the pathogenic implications of interactions between CAA and AD. Both pathologies seem to be driven by impaired Aβ clearance, creating conditions for a self-reinforcing cycle of increased vascular Aβ, reduced perivascular clearance and further CAA and AD progression. Despite the close relationship between vascular and plaque Aβ deposition, several factors favour one or the other, such as the carboxy-terminal site of the peptide and specific co-deposited proteins. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities that have been seen in trials of anti-Aβ immunotherapy are another probable intersection between CAA and AD, representing overload of perivascular clearance pathways and the effects of removing Aβ from CAA-positive vessels. The intersections between CAA and AD point to a crucial role for improving vascular function in the treatment of both diseases and indicate the next steps necessary for identifying therapies.
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AD molecular: Imaging tau aggregates with positron emissions tomography. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 165:107-138. [PMID: 31481160 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic aggregates of tau protein are observed in several neurodegenerative diseases and are used to diagnose and stage disease postmortem. Recent advances in positron emission tomography radioligands allow for the detection of aggregated tau proteins in living persons. This chapter describes the development and characterization of several positron emission tomography radioligands used to detect tau pathophysiology in vivo, and how these ligands are being used in clinical aging and neurodegenerative disease research with a focus on imaging tau aggregates in Alzheimer's disease.
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Perani D, Iaccarino L, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD, Edison P, Boellaard R, Hansson O, Nordberg A, Jacobs AH. A new perspective for advanced positron emission tomography-based molecular imaging in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1081-1103. [PMID: 31230910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in neurodegenerative conditions have increasingly highlighted that the same neuropathology can trigger different clinical phenotypes or, vice-versa, that similar phenotypes can be triggered by different neuropathologies. This evidence has called for the adoption of a pathology spectrum-based approach to study neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These conditions share brain deposition of abnormal protein aggregates, leading to aberrant biochemical, metabolic, functional, and structural changes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-recognized and unique tool for the in vivo assessment of brain neuropathology, and novel PET techniques are emerging for the study of specific protein species. Today, key applications of PET range from early research and clinical diagnostic tools to their use in clinical trials for both participants screening and outcome evaluation. This position article critically reviews the role of distinct PET molecular tracers for different neurodegenerative proteinopathies, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities, with special emphasis on methodological challenges and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Nuclear Medicine Unit San Raffaele Hospital, Division of Neuroscience San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Nuclear Medicine Unit San Raffaele Hospital, Division of Neuroscience San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Edison
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Neurology Imaging Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany.
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Tigano V, Cascini GL, Sanchez-Castañeda C, Péran P, Sabatini U. Neuroimaging and Neurolaw: Drawing the Future of Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:217. [PMID: 31024455 PMCID: PMC6463811 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain-aging is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Knowledge of the numerous aspects that revolve around it is therefore essential if not only the medical issues, but also the social, psychological, and legal issues related to this phenomenon are to be managed correctly. In the coming decades, it will be necessary to find solutions to the management of the progressive aging of the population so as to increase the number of individuals that achieve successful aging. The aim of this article is to provide a current overview of the physiopathology of brain aging and of the role and perspectives of neuroimaging in this context. The progressive development of neuroimaging has opened new perspectives in clinical and basic research and it has modified the concept of brain aging. Neuroimaging will play an increasingly important role in the definition of the individual's brain aging in every phase of the physiological and pathological process. However, when the process involved in age-related brain cognitive diseases is being investigated, factors that might affect this process on a clinical and behavioral level (genetic susceptibility, risks factors, endocrine changes) cannot be ignored but must, on the contrary, be integrated into a neuroimaging evaluation to ensure a correct and global management, and they are therefore discussed in this article. Neuroimaging appears important to the correct management of age-related brain cognitive diseases not only within a medical perspective, but also legal, according to a wider approach based on development of relationship between neuroscience and law. The term neurolaw, the neologism born from the relationship between these two disciplines, is an emerging field of study, that deals with various issues in the impact of neurosciences on individual rights. Neuroimaging, enhancing the detection of physiological and pathological brain aging, could give an important contribution to the field of neurolaw in elderly where the full control of cognitive and volitional functions is necessary to maintain a whole series of rights linked to legal capacity. For this reason, in order to provide the clinician and researcher with a broad view of the brain-aging process, the role of neurolaw will be introduced into the brain-aging context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tigano
- Department of Juridical, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Umberto Sabatini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Umberto Sabatini
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12
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Myotonic Dystrophy: an RNA Toxic Gain of Function Tauopathy? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1184:207-216. [PMID: 32096040 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophies (DM) are rare inherited neuromuscular disorders linked to microsatellite unstable expansions in non-coding regions of ubiquitously expressed genes. The DMPK and ZNF9/CNBP genes which mutations are responsible for DM1 and DM2 respectively. DM are multisystemic disorders with brain affection and cognitive deficits. Brain lesions consisting of neurofibrillary tangles are often observed in DM1 and DM2 brain. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) made of aggregates of hyper and abnormally phosphorylated isoforms of Tau proteins are neuropathological lesions common to more than 20 neurological disorders globally referred to as Tauopathies. Although NFT are observed in DM1 and DM2 brain, the question of whether DM1 and DM2 are Tauopathies remains a matter of debate. In the present review, several pathophysiological processes including, missplicing, nucleocytoplasmic transport disruption, RAN translation which are common mechanisms implicated in neurodegenerative diseases will be described. Together, these processes including the missplicing of Tau are providing evidence that DM1 and DM2 are not solely muscular diseases but that their brain affection component share many similarities with Tauopathies and other neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding DM1 and DM2 pathophysiology is therefore valuable to more globally understand other neurodegenerative diseases such as Tauopathies but also frontotemporal lobar neurodegeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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13
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Bell WR, An Y, Kageyama Y, English C, Rudow GL, Pletnikova O, Thambisetty M, O'Brien R, Moghekar AR, Albert MS, Rabins PV, Resnick SM, Troncoso JC. Neuropathologic, genetic, and longitudinal cognitive profiles in primary age-related tauopathy (PART) and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 15:8-16. [PMID: 30465754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is a recently described entity that can cause cognitive impairment in the absence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we compared neuropathological features, tau haplotypes, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, and cognitive profiles in age-matched subjects with PART and AD pathology. METHODS Brain autopsies (n = 183) were conducted on participants 85 years and older from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Participants, normal at enrollment, were followed with periodic cognitive evaluations until death. RESULTS Compared with AD, PART subjects showed significantly slower rates of decline on measures of memory, language, and visuospatial performance. They also showed lower APOE ε4 allele frequency (4.1% vs. 17.6%, P = .0046). DISCUSSION Our observations suggest that PART is separate from AD and its distinction will be important for the clinical management of patients with cognitive impairment and for public health care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Robert Bell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Collin English
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gay L Rudow
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Abhay R Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter V Rabins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Niccolini F, Wilson H, Hirschbichler S, Yousaf T, Pagano G, Whittington A, Caminiti SP, Erro R, Holton JL, Jaunmuktane Z, Esposito M, Martino D, Abdul A, Passchier J, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Bhatia KP, Politis M. Disease-related patterns of in vivo pathology in Corticobasal syndrome. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:2413-2425. [PMID: 30090966 PMCID: PMC6208819 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess disease-related patterns of in vivo pathology in 11 patients with Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS) compared to 20 healthy controls and 33 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients due to Alzheimer's disease. METHODS We assessed tau aggregates with [18F]AV1451 PET, amyloid-β depositions with [18F]AV45 PET, and volumetric microstructural changes with MRI. We validated for [18F]AV1451 standardised uptake value ratio (SUVRs) against input functions from arterial metabolites and found that SUVRs and arterial-derived distribution volume ratio (DVRs) provide equally robust measures of [18F]AV1451 binding. RESULTS CBS patients showed increases in [18F]AV1451 SUVRs in parietal (P < 0.05) and frontal (P < 0.05) cortices in the affected hemisphere compared to healthy controls and in precentral (P = 0.008) and postcentral (P = 0.034) gyrus in the affected hemisphere compared to MCI patients. Our data were confirmed at the histopathological level in one CBS patient who underwent brain biopsy and showed sparse tau pathology in the parietal cortex co-localizing with increased [18F]AV1451 signal. Cortical and subcortical [18F]AV45 uptake was within normal levels in CBS patients. In parietal and frontal cortices of the most affected hemisphere we found also grey matter loss (P < 0.05), increased mean diffusivity (P < 0.05) and decreased fractional anisotropy (P < 0.05) in CBS patients compared to healthy controls and MCI patients. Grey matter loss and white matter changes in the precentral gyrus of CBS patients were associated with worse motor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate disease-related patterns of in vivo tau and microstructural pathology in the absence of amyloid-β, which distinguish CBS from non-affected individuals and MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Niccolini
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | | | - Tayyabah Yousaf
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alexander Whittington
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia P Caminiti
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Roberto Erro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND) Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Janice L Holton
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marcello Esposito
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ali Abdul
- Imanova Ltd, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jan Passchier
- Imanova Ltd, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Imanova Ltd, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King s College London, London, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imanova Ltd, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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15
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Lee BG, Leavitt MJ, Bernick CB, Leger GC, Rabinovici G, Banks SJ. A Systematic Review of Positron Emission Tomography of Tau, Amyloid Beta, and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Evidence To Date. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2015-2024. [PMID: 29609516 PMCID: PMC6421996 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is associated with pathological changes, yet detecting these changes during life has proven elusive. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the potential for identifying such pathology. Few studies have been completed to date and their approaches and results have been diverse. It was the objective of this review to systematically examine relevant research using ligands for PET that bind to identified pathology in CTE. We focused on identification of patterns of binding and addressing gaps in knowledge of PET imaging for CTE. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Data used were published on or before May 22, 2017. As the extant literature is limited, any peer-reviewed article assessing military, contact sports athletes, or professional fighters was considered for inclusion. The main outcomes were regional binding to brain regions identified through control comparisons or through clinical metrics (e.g., standardized uptake volume ratios). A total of 1207 papers were identified for review, of which six met inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were planned but were deemed inappropriate given the small number of studies identified. Methodological concerns in these initial papers included small sample sizes, lack of a control comparison, use of nonstandard statistical procedures to quantify data, and interpretation of potentially off-target binding areas. Across studies, the hippocampi, amygdalae, and midbrain had reasonably consistent increased uptake. Evidence for increased uptake in cortical regions was less consistent. The evidence suggests that the field of PET imaging in those at risk for CTE remains nascent. As the field evolves to include more stringent studies, ligands for PET may prove an important tool in identifying CTE in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bern G. Lee
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - MacKenzie J. Leavitt
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Charles B. Bernick
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Gabriel C. Leger
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Gil Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
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16
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Pletnikova O, Kageyama Y, Rudow G, LaClair KD, Albert M, Crain BJ, Tian J, Fowler D, Troncoso JC. The spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease pathology and its modulation by ApoE genotype. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:72-80. [PMID: 30099348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) usually presents clinically after 65 years of age, but its pathological changes begin decades earlier. We examined for AD pathology in the postmortem brains of 431 of subjects aged 30-65 years not clinically characterized. Among 40-49 year olds, 15% showed diffuse amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, with a prevalence of 80% in ApoE4/E4, 42% in E4/E3, and <1% in E3/E3 subjects. Aβ deposits appeared after age 49 years in subjects with E3/E3 genotypes. Neuritic plaques first appeared after age 50 years and increased steadily with age in all genotypes. Insoluble Aβ42 levels were highest in parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes, but barely detectable in precuneus. Tau lesions were present in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in 7% of subjects aged <40 years and increased steadily with age reaching near 70% in the 60- to 65-year age group. In the locus coeruleus, tau lesions were present in 72% of subjects aged 31-40 years and 94% in the 41- to 50-year age group. Both Aβ and tau lesions are present in the brains of young individuals decades before the age of clinical onset of AD. Aβ lesions closely correlate with the ApoE4 allele and appear as the earliest event in the development of senile plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gay Rudow
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine D LaClair
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara J Crain
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Fowler
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Raji CA, Henderson TA. PET and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Brain Concussion. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018; 28:67-82. [PMID: 29157854 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article offers an overview of the application of PET and single photon emission computed tomography brain imaging to concussion, a type of mild traumatic brain injury and traumatic brain injury, in general. The article reviews the application of these neuronuclear imaging modalities in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Additionally, this article frames the current literature with an overview of the basic physics and radiation exposure risks of each modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus A Raji
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF China Basin, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore A Henderson
- The Synaptic Space Inc, Neuro-Laser Foundation, Neuro-Luminance Brain Health Centers Inc, Dr. Theodore Henderson Inc, 3979 East Arapahoe Road, Suite 200, Centennial, CO 80122, USA.
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18
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Brendel M, Yousefi BH, Blume T, Herz M, Focke C, Deussing M, Peters F, Lindner S, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Drzezga A, Bartenstein P, Haass C, Okamura N, Herms J, Yakushev I, Rominger A. Comparison of 18F-T807 and 18F-THK5117 PET in a Mouse Model of Tau Pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:174. [PMID: 29930508 PMCID: PMC5999706 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) imaging of tau pathology has facilitated development of anti-tau therapies. While members of the arylquinoline and pyridoindole families have been the most frequently used tau radioligands so far, analyses of their comparative performance in vivo are scantly documented. Here, we conducted a head-to-head PET comparison of the arylquinoline 18FT807 and the pyridoindole 18FTHK5117 PET in a mouse model of tau pathology. PET recordings were obtained in groups of (N = 5–7) P301S and wild-type (WT) mice at 6 and 9 months of age. Volume-of-interest based analysis (standard-uptake-value ratio, SUVR) was used to calculate effect sizes (Cohen’s d) for each tracer and age. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to assess regional similarity (dice coefficient) of tracer binding alterations for the two tracers. Immunohistochemistry staining of neurofibrillary tangles was performed for validation ex vivo. Significantly elevated 18F-T807 binding in the brainstem of P301S mice was already evident at 6 months (+14%, p < 0.01, d = 1.64), and increased further at 9 months (+23%, p < 0.001, d = 2.70). 18F-THK5117 indicated weaker increases and effect sizes at 6 months (+5%, p < 0.05, d = 1.07) and 9 months (+10%, p < 0.001, d = 1.49). Regional similarity of binding of the two tracers was high (71%) at 9 months. 18F-T807 was more sensitive than 18F-THK5117 to tau pathology in this model, although both tracers present certain obstacles, which need to be considered in the design of longitudinal preclinical tau imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Behrooz H Yousefi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Herz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Finn Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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19
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Wong DF, Comley RA, Kuwabara H, Rosenberg PB, Resnick SM, Ostrowitzki S, Vozzi C, Boess F, Oh E, Lyketsos CG, Honer M, Gobbi L, Klein G, George N, Gapasin L, Kitzmiller K, Roberts J, Sevigny J, Nandi A, Brasic J, Mishra C, Thambisetty M, Mogekar A, Mathur A, Albert M, Dannals RF, Borroni E. Characterization of 3 Novel Tau Radiopharmaceuticals, 11C-RO-963, 11C-RO-643, and 18F-RO-948, in Healthy Controls and in Alzheimer Subjects. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1869-1876. [PMID: 29728519 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.209916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
11C-RO-963, 11C-RO-643, and 18F-RO-948 (previously referred to as 11C-RO6924963, 11C-RO6931643, and 18F-RO6958948, respectively) have been reported as promising PET tracers for tau imaging based on in vitro and preclinical PET data. Here we describe the first, to our knowledge, human evaluation of these novel radiotracers. Methods: Amyloid PET-positive Alzheimer disease (AD) subjects and younger controls each received 2 different tau tracers. Dynamic 90-min scans were obtained after bolus injection of 11C-RO-963, 11C-RO-643, or 18F-RO-948. Arterial blood sampling was performed on 11 healthy controls and 11 AD subjects. Regions were defined on MR images, and PET data were quantified by plasma reference graphical analysis (for total distribution volume) and target cerebellum ratio (SUV ratios of 60- to 90-min frames). SUV ratio images were also analyzed voxelwise. Five older controls each underwent 2 scans with 18F-RO-948 for evaluation of test-retest variability. Four AD subjects underwent a repeated 18F-RO-948 scan 6-22 mo after the first scan. Six additional healthy controls (3 men and 3 women; age range, 41-67 y) each underwent 1 whole-body dosimetry scan with 18F-RO-948. Results: In younger controls, SUVpeak was observed in the temporal lobe with values of approximately 3.0 for 11C-RO-963, 1.5 for 11C-RO-643, and 3.5 for 18F-RO-948. Over all brain regions and subjects, the trend was for 18F-RO-948 to have the highest SUVpeak, followed by 11C-RO-963 and then 11C-RO-643. Regional analysis of SUV ratio and total distribution volume for 11C-RO-643 and 18F-RO-948 clearly discriminated the AD group from the healthy control groups. Compartmental modeling confirmed that 11C-RO-643 had lower brain entry than either 11C-RO-963 or 18F-RO-948 and that 18F-RO-948 showed better contrast between (predicted) areas of high versus low tau accumulation. Thus, our subsequent analysis focused on 18F-RO-948. Both voxelwise and region-based analysis of 18F-RO-948 binding in healthy controls versus AD subjects revealed multiple areas where AD subjects significantly differed from healthy controls. Of 22 high-binding regions, 13 showed a significant group difference (after ANOVA, F (1,21) = 45, P < 10-5). Voxelwise analysis also revealed a set of symmetric clusters where AD subjects had higher binding than healthy controls (threshold of P < 0.001, cluster size > 50). Conclusion: 18F-RO-948 demonstrates characteristics superior to 11C-RO-643 and 11C-RO-963 for characterization of tau pathology in AD. Regional binding data and kinetic properties of 18F-RO-948 compare favorably with other existing tau PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean F Wong
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Comley
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul B Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Susanne Ostrowitzki
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Vozzi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Boess
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther Oh
- Lab of Behavior and Neuroscience, NIH-NIA IRP, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Constantine G Lyketsos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Klein
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Noble George
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lorena Gapasin
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Kitzmiller
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josh Roberts
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeff Sevigny
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Brasic
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chakradhar Mishra
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Abhay Mogekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anil Mathur
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edilio Borroni
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Ortiz-Guerrero G, Amador-Muñoz D, Calderón-Ospina CA, López-Fuentes D, Nava Mesa MO. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia: Physiopathological Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5257285. [PMID: 29755512 PMCID: PMC5883984 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5257285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, mainly encompassing cognitive decline in subjects aged ≥65 years. Further, AD is characterized by selective synaptic and neuronal degeneration, vascular dysfunction, and two histopathological features: extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Dementia and AD are chronic neurodegenerative conditions with a complex physiopathology involving both genetic and environmental factors. Recent clinical studies have shown that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with risk of dementia, including AD. However, a recent case-control study reported decreased risk of dementia. PPIs are a widely indicated class of drugs for gastric acid-related disorders, although most older adult users are not treated for the correct indication. Although neurological side effects secondary to PPIs are rare, several preclinical reports indicate that PPIs might increase Aβ levels, interact with tau protein, and affect the neuronal microenvironment through several mechanisms. Considering the controversy between PPI use and dementia risk, as well as both cognitive and neuroprotective effects, the aim of this review is to examine the relationship between PPI use and brain effects from a neurobiological and clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ortiz-Guerrero
- Individualized Research Learner Program, Neuromuscular Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Diana Amador-Muñoz
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C–69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Calderón-Ospina
- Unidad de Farmacología, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C–69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Daniel López-Fuentes
- Medical Social Service, Hospital de San Francisco, Kra 8 No. 6A–121, Gacheta 251230, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Orlando Nava Mesa
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C–69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
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21
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Beesley S, Olcese J, Saunders C, Bienkiewicz EA. Combinatorial Treatment Effects in a Cell Culture Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:1155-1166. [PMID: 27814295 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and as its prevalence increases, so does its detrimental impact on society. The currently available therapies have limited efficacy, leaving AD patients on an irrevocably fatal path of this disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test efficacy of a novel combinatorial treatment approach to alleviate AD-like pathology. METHODS We selected four naturally occurring compounds and used them in different combinations to test their effect on AD-like pathology. Employing a well-established cell culture AD model system, we evaluated levels of several diverse biomarkers associated with a number of cellular pathways associated with AD. The readouts included: amyloid-β peptides, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic proteins, oxidative enzymes, and reactive oxygen species. RESULTS Using this approach, we demonstrated that the compounds delivered in combination had higher efficacy than individual treatments. Specifically, we observed significant reduction in levels of the amyloid-β peptides, as well as pro-inflammatory proteins and reactive oxygen species. Similarly, delivery of compounds in combination resulted in an increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and anti-oxidative enzymes. Collectively, these modifications in AD pathology biomarkers reflect a promising therapeutic and preventive strategy to combat this disease. CONCLUSION The above findings support a novel therapeutic approach to address a currently unmet medical need, which would benefit not only AD patients and their caregivers, but also society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Beesley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, FL, USA
| | - James Olcese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, FL, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, College of Medicine, Florida State University, FL, USA
| | - Charles Saunders
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, FL, USA
| | - Ewa A Bienkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, FL, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, College of Medicine, Florida State University, FL, USA
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22
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Brendel M, Schönecker S, Höglinger G, Lindner S, Havla J, Blautzik J, Sauerbeck J, Rohrer G, Zach C, Vettermann F, Lang AE, Golbe L, Nübling G, Bartenstein P, Furukawa K, Ishiki A, Bötzel K, Danek A, Okamura N, Levin J, Rominger A. [ 18F]-THK5351 PET Correlates with Topology and Symptom Severity in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:440. [PMID: 29387005 PMCID: PMC5776329 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by deposition of fibrillar aggregates of 4R tau-protein in neurons and glial cells of the brain. These deposits are a key neuropathological finding, allowing a diagnosis of “definite PSP,” which is usually established post mortem. To date criteria for clinical diagnosis of PSP in vivo do not include biomarkers of tau pathology. For intervention trials, it is increasingly important to (i) establish biomarkers for an early diagnosis and (ii) to develop biomarkers that correlate with disease progression of PSP. [18F]-THK5351 is a novel PET-ligand that may afford in vivo visualization and quantification of tau-related alterations. We investigated binding characteristics of [18F]-THK5351 in patients with clinically diagnosed PSP and correlate tracer uptake with clinical findings. Eleven patients (68.4 ± 7.4 year; N = 6 female) with probable PSP according to current clinical criteria and nine healthy controls (71.7 ± 7.2 year; N = 4 female) underwent [18F]-THK5351 PET scanning. Voxel-wise statistical parametric comparison and volume-of-interest based quantification of standardized-uptake-values (SUV) were conducted using the cerebellar cortex as reference region. We correlated disease severity as measured with the help of the PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) as well as several other clinical parameters with the individual PET findings. By voxel-wise mapping of [18F]-THK5351 uptake in the patient group we delineated typical distribution patterns that fit to known tau topology for PSP post mortem. Quantitative analysis indicated the strongest discrimination between PSP patients and healthy controls based on tracer uptake in the midbrain (+35%; p = 3.01E-7; Cohen's d: 4.0), followed by the globus pallidus, frontal cortex, and medulla oblongata. Midbrain [18F]-THK5351 uptake correlated well with clinical severity as measured by PSPRS (R = 0.66; p = 0.026). OCT and MRI delineated PSP patients from healthy controls by use of established discrimination thresholds but only OCT did as well correlate with clinical severity (R = 0.79; p = 0.024). Regional [18F]-THK5351 binding patterns correlated well with the established post mortem distribution of lesions in PSP and with clinical severity. The contribution of possible MAO-B binding to the [18F]-THK5351 signal needs to be further evaluated, but nevertheless [18F]-THK5351 PET may still serve as valuable biomarker for diagnosis of PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Schönecker
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Havla
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Janusch Blautzik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Sauerbeck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Rohrer
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Zach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Vettermann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, and Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Golbe
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Georg Nübling
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Division of Community Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Ishiki
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kai Bötzel
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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23
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Buckley RF, Hanseeuw B, Schultz AP, Vannini P, Aghjayan SL, Properzi MJ, Jackson JD, Mormino EC, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Amariglio RE. Region-Specific Association of Subjective Cognitive Decline With Tauopathy Independent of Global β-Amyloid Burden. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:1455-1463. [PMID: 28973551 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance The ability to explore associations between reports of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and biomarkers of early Alzheimer disease (AD) pathophysiologic processes (accumulation of neocortical β-amyloid [Aβ] and tau) provides an important opportunity to understand the basis of SCD and AD risk. Objective To examine associations between SCD and global Aβ and tau burdens in regions of interest in clinically healthy older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This imaging substudy of the Harvard Aging Brain Study included 133 clinically healthy older participants (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale global scores of 0) participating in the Harvard Aging Brain Study who underwent cross-sectional flortaucipir F 18 (previously known as AV 1451, T807) positron emission tomography (FTP-PET) imaging for tau and Pittsburgh compound B carbon 11-labeled PET (PiB-PET) imaging for Aβ. The following 2 regions for tau burden were identified: the entorhinal cortex, which exhibits early signs of tauopathy, and the inferior temporal region, which is more closely associated with AD-related pathologic mechanisms. Data were collected from June 11, 2012, through April 7, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Subjective cognitive decline was measured using a previously published method of z-transforming subscales from the Memory Functioning Questionnaire, the Everyday Cognition battery, and a 7-item questionnaire. The Aβ level was measured according to a summary distribution volume ratio of frontal, lateral temporal and parietal, and retrosplenial PiB-PET tracer uptake. The FTP-PET measures were computed as standardized uptake value ratios. Linear regression models focused on main and interactive effects of Aβ, entorhinal cortical, and inferior temporal tau on SCD, controlling for age, sex, educational attainment, and Geriatric Depression Scale score. Results Of the 133 participants, 75 (56.3%) were women and 58 (43.6%) were men; mean (SD) age was 76 (6.9) years (range, 55-90 years). Thirty-nine participants (29.3%) exhibited a high Aβ burden. Greater SCD was associated with increasing entorhinal cortical tau burden (β = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.19-.52; P < .001) and Aβ burden (β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-.40; P = .005), but not inferior temporal tau burden (β = 0.10; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.28; P = .27). This association between entorhinal cortical tau burden and SCD was largely unchanged after accounting for Aβ burden (β = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15-.58; P = .001), and no interaction influenced SCD (β = -0.36; 95% CI, -0.34 to 0.09; P = .25). An exploratory post hoc whole-brain analysis also indicated that SCD was predominantly associated with greater tau burden in the entorhinal cortex. Conclusions and Relevance Subjective cognitive decline is indicative of accumulation of early tauopathy in the medial temporal lobe, specifically in the entorhinal cortex, and to a lesser extent, elevated global levels of Aβ. Our findings suggest multiple underlying pathways that motivate SCD that do not necessarily interact to influence SCD endorsement. As such, multiple biological factors must be considered when assessing SCD in clinically healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Buckley
- Florey Institutes of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,now affiliated with Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Patrizia Vannini
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Sarah L Aghjayan
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Jonathan D Jackson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rebecca E Amariglio
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Abstract
A compelling need in the field of neurodegenerative diseases is the development and validation of biomarkers for early identification and differential diagnosis. The availability of positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging tools for the assessment of molecular biology and neuropathology has opened new venues in the diagnostic design and the conduction of new clinical trials. PET techniques, allowing the in vivo assessment of brain function and pathology changes, are increasingly showing great potential in supporting clinical diagnosis also in the early and even preclinical phases of dementia. This review will summarize the most recent evidence on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-, amyloid -, tau -, and neuroinflammation - PET tools, highlighting strengths and limitations and possible new perspectives in research and clinical applications. Appropriate use of PET tools is crucial for a prompt diagnosis and target evaluation of new developed drugs aimed at slowing or preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Iaccarino
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sala
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Paola Caminiti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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25
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Bruinsma TJ, Johnson DR, Fang P, Senjem M, Josephs KA, Whitwell JL, Boeve BF, Pandey MK, Kantarci K, Jones DT, Vemuri P, Murray M, Graff-Radford J, Schwarz CG, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Lowe VJ. Uptake of AV-1451 in meningiomas. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31:736-743. [PMID: 28887599 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-017-1205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM AV-1451 is an imaging agent labeled with the positron-emitting radiolabel Fluorine-18. 18F-AV-1451 binds paired helical filament tau (PHF-tau), a pathology related to Alzheimer's disease. In our study of AV-1451 uptake in the brains of cognitively normal subjects, we noted a case of a meningioma with visually significant uptake of AV-1451. OBJECTIVE We initiated the present retrospective study to further examine cases of meningioma that underwent AV-1451 imaging. METHODS We searched the patient records of 650 patients who had undergone AV-1451 at our institution for the keyword "meningioma" to identify potential cases. PET/CT and MRI results were visually reviewed and semi-quantitative analysis of PET was performed. A paired student's t test was run between background and tumor standard uptake values. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between AV-1451 uptake and presence of calcifications on CT. RESULTS We identified 12 cases of meningioma, 58% (7/12) of which demonstrated uptake greater than background using both visual analysis and tumor-to-normal cortex ratios (T/N + 1.90 ± 0.83). The paired student's t test revealed no statistically significant difference between background and tumor standard uptake values (p = 0.09); however, cases with a T/N ratio greater than one showed statistically higher uptake in tumor tissue (p = 0.01). A significant association was noted between AV-1451 uptake and presence of calcifications (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION AV-1451 PET imaging should be reviewed concurrently with anatomic imaging to prevent misleading interpretations of PHF-tau distribution due to meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Bruinsma
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Derek R Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Whitwell
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Mukesh K Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Melissa Murray
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Schwarz
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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26
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LaPoint MR, Chhatwal JP, Sepulcre J, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Schultz AP. The association between tau PET and retrospective cortical thinning in clinically normal elderly. Neuroimage 2017; 157:612-622. [PMID: 28545932 PMCID: PMC5772972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology has been associated with neuronal loss at autopsy, but the temporal evolution of tau pathology and atrophy remains unclear. Here, we investigate the association between cross-sectional AV-1451-PET as a marker of tau pathology and cortical thickness cross-sectionally. We also investigated retrospective rates of cortical thinning over the three years preceding the AV-1451 scan in a clinically normal cohort of 103 older adults from the Harvard Aging Brain Study. Tau measurements were Geometric Transfer Matrix partial volume corrected standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) with a cerebellar gray reference region. Thirty-four FreeSurfer-defined cortical regions of interest (ROIs) were used for both thickness and AV-1451 in each hemisphere, with seven additional volumetric ROIs. We examined "local" relationships between AV-1451 and cortical thickness in the same ROI, as well as inferior temporal AV-1451 and all thickness ROIs. All models included baseline age and sex, both interacting with time in retrospective longitudinal models, as covariates. Cross-sectional models controlled for the number of days between the two scans. Cross-sectional local comparisons revealed significant associations between elevated AV-1451 and thinner cortical ROIs predominantly in temporal regions, while analyses associating inferior temporal AV-1451 with all cortical ROIs showed a widespread pattern of significant relationships, which was strongest in temporal and parietal cortices. In our retrospective longitudinal analyses, we saw significant relationships in temporal and parietal regions. Significant local relationships were seen in right superior temporal, middle temporal, temporal pole, and fusiform, as well as the left cuneus and banks of the left superior temporal sulcus. Significant relationships between inferior temporal AV-1451 and faster thinning were observed in right temporal regions (middle temporal and fusiform) and bilateral parahippocampal cortices. We observed significant negative relationships between local and inferior temporal AV-1451 signal and both cross-sectional cortical thickness and rates of thinning in lateral and medial temporal regions. This is an important early step toward elucidating the relationship between tau pathology and retrospective longitudinal atrophy in aging and preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R LaPoint
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149/10.008 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jasmeer P Chhatwal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149/10.008 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149/10.008 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149/10.008 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149/10.008 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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27
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Mishra S, Gordon BA, Su Y, Christensen J, Friedrichsen K, Jackson K, Hornbeck R, Balota DA, Cairns NJ, Morris JC, Ances BM, Benzinger TLS. AV-1451 PET imaging of tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer disease: Defining a summary measure. Neuroimage 2017; 161:171-178. [PMID: 28756238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing [18F]-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET) as an Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker will require identification of brain regions that are most important in detecting elevated tau pathology in preclinical AD. Here, we utilized an unsupervised learning, data-driven approach to identify brain regions whose tau PET is most informative in discriminating low and high levels of [18F]-AV-1451 binding. 84 cognitively normal participants who had undergone AV-1451 PET imaging were used in a sparse k-means clustering with resampling analysis to identify the regions most informative in dividing a cognitively normal population into high tau and low tau groups. The highest-weighted FreeSurfer regions of interest (ROIs) separating these groups were the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, lateral occipital cortex, and inferior temporal cortex, and an average SUVR in these four ROIs was used as a summary metric for AV-1451 uptake. We propose an AV-1451 SUVR cut-off of 1.25 to define high tau as described by imaging. This spatial distribution of tau PET is a more widespread pattern than that predicted by pathological staging schemes. Our data-derived metric was validated first in this cognitively normal cohort by correlating with early measures of cognitive dysfunction, and with disease progression as measured by β-amyloid PET imaging. We additionally validated this summary metric in a cohort of 13 Alzheimer disease patients, and showed that this measure correlates with cognitive dysfunction and β-amyloid PET imaging in a diseased population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mishra
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jon Christensen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karl Friedrichsen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelley Jackson
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Russ Hornbeck
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A Balota
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:455-497. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:The evidence for neural markers and memory is continuously being revised, and as evidence continues to accumulate, herein, we frame earlier and new evidence. Hence, in this work, the aim is to provide an appropriate conceptual framework of serotonergic markers associated with neural activity and memory. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has multiple pharmacological tools, well-characterized downstream signaling in mammals’ species, and established 5-HT neural markers showing new insights about memory functions and dysfunctions, including receptors (5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, and 5-HT3-7), transporter (serotonin transporter [SERT]) and volume transmission present in brain areas involved in memory. Bidirectional influence occurs between 5-HT markers and memory/amnesia. A growing number of researchers report that memory, amnesia, or forgetting modifies neural markers. Diverse approaches support the translatability of using neural markers and cerebral functions/dysfunctions, including memory formation and amnesia. At least, 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7receptors and SERT seem to be useful neural markers and therapeutic targets. Hence, several mechanisms cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity or memory, including changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters.
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Gordon E, Rohrer JD, Fox NC. Advances in neuroimaging in frontotemporal dementia. J Neurochem 2017; 138 Suppl 1:193-210. [PMID: 27502125 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and neuroanatomically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with multiple underlying genetic and pathological causes. Whilst initial neuroimaging studies highlighted the presence of frontal and temporal lobe atrophy or hypometabolism as the unifying feature in patients with FTD, more detailed studies have revealed diverse patterns across individuals, with variable frontal or temporal predominance, differing degrees of asymmetry, and the involvement of other cortical areas including the insula and cingulate, as well as subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia and thalamus. Recent advances in novel imaging modalities including diffusion tensor imaging, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular positron emission tomography imaging allow the possibility of investigating alterations in structural and functional connectivity and the visualisation of pathological protein deposition. This review will cover the major imaging modalities currently used in research and clinical practice, focusing on the key insights they have provided into FTD, including the onset and evolution of pathological changes and also importantly their utility as biomarkers for disease detection and staging, differential diagnosis and measurement of disease progression. Validating neuroimaging biomarkers that are able to accomplish these tasks will be crucial for the ultimate goal of powering upcoming clinical trials by correctly stratifying patient enrolment and providing sensitive markers for evaluating the effects and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies. This review describes the key insights provided by research into the major neuroimaging modalities currently used in research and clinical practice, including what they tell us about the onset and evolution of FTD and how they may be used as biomarkers for disease detection and staging, differential diagnosis and measurement of disease progression. This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gordon
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Silsby M, Tweedie-Cullen RY, Murray CR, Halliday GM, Hodges JR, Burrell JR. The midbrain-to-pons ratio distinguishes progressive supranuclear palsy from non-fluent primary progressive aphasias. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:956-965. [PMID: 28510312 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine the clinical utility of the midbrain-to-pons (M/P) ratio as a clinical biomarker of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in patients with non-fluent primary progressive aphasia syndromes. METHODS Patients with PSP, progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) were recruited. Patients were diagnosed clinically, but pathological confirmation was available in a proportion of patients. Midbrain and pons areas were measured using Osirix Lite, a free DICOM viewer. The M/P ratio and Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index were calculated and their diagnostic utility compared. RESULTS A total of 72 participants were included (16 PSP, 18 PNFA, 16 LPA and 22 controls). Patients with PSP had motor features typical of the syndrome. Both the M/P ratio and Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index differed significantly in PSP compared with controls. The M/P ratio was disproportionately reduced in PSP compared with PNFA and LPA (PSP, 0.182 ± 0.043; PNFA, 0.255 ± 0.034; LPA, 0.258 ± 0.033; controls, 0.292 ± 0.031; P < 0.001). An M/P ratio of ≤0.215 produced a positive predictive value of 77.8% for the diagnosis of PSP syndrome. Pathological examination revealed Alzheimer's disease in three cases (all LPA), pathological PSP in two cases (one clinical PSP and one PNFA) and corticobasal degeneration in one case (PNFA). The M/P ratio was ≤0.215 in both pathological cases of PSP. CONCLUSIONS The M/P ratio was disproportionately reduced in PSP, suggesting its potential as a clinical marker of the PSP syndrome. Larger studies of pathologically confirmed cases are needed to establish the M/P ratio as a biomarker of PSP pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silsby
- Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - C R Murray
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J R Burrell
- Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Prion-like mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Herholz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, 27 Palatine Road, Manchester, M203LJ, UK.
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33
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Lim S, Haque MM, Su D, Kim D, Lee JS, Chang YT, Kim YK. Development of a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for imaging pathological tau aggregates in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1607-1610. [PMID: 28084493 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08826k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal accumulation of tau aggregates is a pathological hallmark in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, collectively called tauopathies. A tau aggregation sensor that can monitor abnormal tau aggregation in neurons would facilitate the study of tau aggregation processes and the discovery of tau aggregation blockers. Here, we describe a BODIPY-fluorescence sensor (BD-tau) that selectively responds to pathological tau aggregates in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsu Lim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
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Brosch JR, Farlow MR, Risacher SL, Apostolova LG. Tau Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Clinical Trials. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:62-68. [PMID: 27873182 PMCID: PMC5233632 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging of the tau protein has the potential to aid in quantitative diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, corroborate or dispute the amyloid hypothesis, and demonstrate biomarker engagement in clinical drug trials. A host of tau positron emission tomography agents have been designed, validated, and tested in humans. Several agents have characteristics approaching the ideal imaging tracer with some limitations, primarily regarding off-target binding. Dozens of clinical trials evaluating imaging techniques and several pharmaceutical trials have begun to integrate tau imaging into their protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Brosch
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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35
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Counts SE, Ikonomovic MD, Mercado N, Vega IE, Mufson EJ. Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:35-53. [PMID: 27738903 PMCID: PMC5233625 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent failures of potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may reflect the fact that the enrolled participants in clinical trials are already too advanced to derive a clinical benefit. Thus, well-validated biomarkers for the early detection and accurate diagnosis of the preclinical stages of AD will be crucial for therapeutic advancement. The combinatorial use of biomarkers derived from biological fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with advanced molecular imaging and neuropsychological testing may eventually achieve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity necessary to identify people in the earliest stages of the disease when drug modification is most likely possible. In this regard, positive amyloid or tau tracer retention on positron emission tomography imaging, low CSF concentrations of the amyloid-β 1-42 peptide, high CSF concentrations in total tau and phospho-tau, mesial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, and temporoparietal/precuneus hypometabolism or hypoperfusion on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography have all emerged as biomarkers for the progression to AD. However, the ultimate AD biomarker panel will likely involve the inclusion of novel CSF and blood biomarkers more precisely associated with confirmed pathophysiologic mechanisms to improve its reliability for detecting preclinical AD. This review highlights advancements in biological fluid and imaging biomarkers that are moving the field towards achieving the goal of a preclinical detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natosha Mercado
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Irving E Vega
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Mufson EJ, Ikonomovic MD, Counts SE, Perez SE, Malek-Ahmadi M, Scheff SW, Ginsberg SD. Molecular and cellular pathophysiology of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:54-69. [PMID: 27185734 PMCID: PMC4931948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau, have been studied extensively in postmortem AD and relevant animal and cellular models, the pathogenesis of AD remains unknown, particularly in the early stages of the disease where therapies presumably would be most effective. We and others have demonstrated that Aβ plaques and NFTs are present in varying degrees before the onset and throughout the progression of dementia. In this regard, aged people with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, a presumed prodromal AD transitional state, and AD all present at autopsy with varying levels of pathological hallmarks. Cognitive decline, a requisite for the clinical diagnosis of dementia associated with AD, generally correlates better with NFTs than Aβ plaques. However, correlations are even higher between cognitive decline and synaptic loss. In this review, we illustrate relevant clinical pathological research in preclinical AD and throughout the progression of dementia in several areas including Aβ and tau pathobiology, single population expression profiling of vulnerable hippocampal and basal forebrain neurons, neuroplasticity, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker studies and their correlation with antemortem cognitive endpoints. In each of these areas, we provide evidence for the importance of studying the pathological hallmarks of AD not in isolation, but rather in conjunction with other molecular, cellular, and imaging markers to provide a more systematic and comprehensive assessment of the multiple changes that occur during the transition from NCI to MCI to frank AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J Mufson
- Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hauenstien Neuroscience Institute, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Stephen W Scheff
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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Arendt T, Stieler JT, Holzer M. Tau and tauopathies. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:238-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Dickstein DL, Pullman MY, Fernandez C, Short JA, Kostakoglu L, Knesaurek K, Soleimani L, Jordan BD, Gordon WA, Dams-O'Connor K, Delman BN, Wong E, Tang CY, DeKosky ST, Stone JR, Cantu RC, Sano M, Hof PR, Gandy S. Cerebral [ 18 F]T807/AV1451 retention pattern in clinically probable CTE resembles pathognomonic distribution of CTE tauopathy. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e900. [PMID: 27676441 PMCID: PMC5048212 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disorder most commonly associated with repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI) and characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein, known as a tauopathy. Currently, the diagnosis of CTE can only be definitively established postmortem. However, a new positron emission tomography (PET) ligand, [18F]T807/AV1451, may provide the antemortem detection of tau aggregates, and thus various tauopathies, including CTE. Our goal was to examine [18F]T807/AV1451 retention in athletes with neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with a history of multiple concussions. Here we report a 39-year-old retired National Football League player who suffered 22 concussions and manifested progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms. Emotional lability and irritability were the chief complaints. Serial neuropsychological exams revealed a decline in executive functioning, processing speed and fine motor skills. Naming was below average but other cognitive functions were preserved. Structural analysis of longitudinally acquired magenetic resonance imaging scans revealed cortical thinning in the left frontal and lateral temporal areas, as well as volume loss in the basal ganglia. PET with [18F]florbetapir was negative for amyloidosis. The [18F]T807/AV1451 PET showed multifocal areas of retention at the cortical gray matter-white matter junction, a distribution considered pathognomonic for CTE. [18F]T807/AV1451 standard uptake value (SUV) analysis showed increased uptake (SUVr⩾1.1) in bilateral cingulate, occipital, and orbitofrontal cortices, and several temporal areas. Although definitive identification of the neuropathological underpinnings basis for [18F]T807/AV1451 retention requires postmortem correlation, our data suggest that [18F]T807/AV1451 tauopathy imaging may be a promising tool to detect and diagnose CTE-related tauopathy in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Dickstein
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA. E-mail:
| | - M Y Pullman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Short
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Kostakoglu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Knesaurek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Soleimani
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - B D Jordan
- Burke Rehabilitaiton Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - W A Gordon
- The NFL Neurological Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Dams-O'Connor
- The NFL Neurological Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - B N Delman
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S T DeKosky
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J R Stone
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R C Cantu
- Centre for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA, USA
| | - M Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Gandy
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA. E-mail:
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Savioz A, Giannakopoulos P, Herrmann FR, Klein WL, Kövari E, Bouras C, Giacobini E. A Study of Aβ Oligomers in the Temporal Cortex and Cerebellum of Patients with Neuropathologically Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease Compared to Aged Controls. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 16:398-406. [PMID: 27400224 DOI: 10.1159/000446283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Investigations of Aβ oligomers in neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still scarce. We report neurohistopathological and biochemical analyses using antibodies against tau and amyloid β (Aβ) pathology. METHODS Thirty elderly AD patients and 43 age-matched controls with or without deposition of amyloid plaques (AP) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In 21 cases with available fresh tissue, Western blots were also performed. Neuropathological analysis included quantitative assessment of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), AP and Aβ oligomer densities in the mesial temporal cortex (TC). RESULTS NFT, fibrillar amyloid and Aβ oligomeric deposit densities were significantly higher in AD patients than in controls. There was no relationship between oligomeric Aβ densities and Braak NFT staging scores. Furthermore, Aβ oligomer expression was closely correlated with Aβ plaques in the TC. By Western blot, Aβ oligomers were observed in AD patients, in plaque-free controls, in 1 'tangle-only AD' case, as well as in the cerebellum. A band near 55 kDa was the only Western blot signal that was significantly increased in the TC of AD patients compared to controls as well as less expressed in the cerebellum. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a putative dodecamer, near 55 kDa, may contribute to AD vulnerability of the TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Savioz
- Departments of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Smith R, Puschmann A, Schöll M, Ohlsson T, van Swieten J, Honer M, Englund E, Hansson O. 18F-AV-1451 tau PET imaging correlates strongly with tau neuropathology in MAPT mutation carriers. Brain 2016; 139:2372-9. [PMID: 27357347 PMCID: PMC4995360 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau positron emission tomography ligands provide the novel possibility to image tau pathology in vivo. However, little is known about how in vivo brain uptake of tau positron emission tomography ligands relates to tau aggregates observed post-mortem. We performed tau positron emission tomography imaging with 18F-AV-1451 in three patients harbouring a p.R406W mutation in the MAPT gene, encoding tau. This mutation results in 3- and 4-repeat tau aggregates similar to those in Alzheimer’s disease, and many of the mutation carriers initially suffer from memory impairment and temporal lobe atrophy. Two patients with short disease duration and isolated memory impairment exhibited 18F-AV-1451 uptake mainly in the hippocampus and adjacent temporal lobe regions, correlating with glucose hypometabolism in corresponding regions. One patient died after 26 years of disease duration with dementia and behavioural deficits. Pre-mortem, there was 18F-AV-1451 uptake in the temporal and frontal lobes, as well as in the basal ganglia, which strongly correlated with the regional extent and amount of tau pathology in post-mortem brain sections. Amyloid-β (18F-flutemetamol) positron emission tomography scans were negative in all cases, as were stainings of brain sections for amyloid. This provides strong evidence that 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography can be used to accurately quantify in vivo the regional distribution of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Smith
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Department of Neurology, Lund University, Sweden 2 Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Department of Neurology, Lund University, Sweden 2 Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- 3 Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden 4 MedTech West and the Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- 5 Department of Radiation physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - John van Swieten
- 6 Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Honer
- 7 Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery and Biomarkers, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabet Englund
- 8 Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- 3 Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden 9 Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Park DC, Festini SB. Theories of Memory and Aging: A Look at the Past and a Glimpse of the Future. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2016; 72:82-90. [PMID: 27257229 PMCID: PMC5156492 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article reviews theories of memory and aging over the past 50 years. Particularly notable is a progression from early single-mechanism perspectives to complex multifactorial models proposed to account for commonly observed age deficits in memory function. The seminal mechanistic theories of processing speed, limited resources, and inhibitory deficits are discussed and viewed as especially important theories for understanding age-related memory decline. Additionally, advances in multivariate techniques including structural equation modeling provided new tools that led to the development of more complex multifactorial theories than existed earlier. The important role of neuroimaging is considered, along with the current prevalence of intervention studies. We close with predictions about new directions that future research on memory and aging will take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas.
| | - Sara B Festini
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
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Burrell JR, Forrest S, Bak TH, Hodges JR, Halliday GM, Kril JJ. Expanding the phenotypic associations of globular glial tau subtypes. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 4:6-13. [PMID: 27489873 PMCID: PMC4949736 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Clinicopathologic correlation in non-Alzheimer's tauopathies is variable, despite refinement of pathologic diagnostic criteria. In the present study, the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of globular glial tauopathy (GGT) were examined to determine whether subtyping according to consensus guidelines improves clinicopathologic correlation. Methods Confirmed GGT cases (n = 11) were identified from 181 frontotemporal tauopathy cases. Clinical and neuroimaging details were collected, and cases sub-typed according to the consensus criteria for GGT diagnosis. Relationships between clinical syndrome and GGT subtype were investigated. Results In total, 11 patients (seven males, four females, mean age = 67.3 +/− 10.6 years) with GGT were included. Most, but not all, presented with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, but none had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Subtyping of GGT proved to be difficult and did not improve clinicopathologic correlation. Discussion Sub-classification of GGT pathology may be difficult and did not improve clinicopathologic correlation. Better biomarkers of tau pathology are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Burrell
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shelley Forrest
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas H Bak
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John R Hodges
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bonifacio G, Zamboni G. Brain imaging in dementia. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:333-40. [PMID: 26933232 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging has contributed significantly to the understanding of different dementia syndromes. Over the past 20 years these imaging techniques have been increasingly used for clinical characterisation and differential diagnosis, and to provide insight into the effects on functional capacity of the brain, patterns of spatial distribution of different dementia syndromes and their natural history and evolution over time. Brain imaging is also increasingly used in clinical trials, as part of inclusion criteria and/or as a surrogate outcome measure. Here we review all the relatively specific findings that can be identified with different MRI and PET techniques in each of the most frequent dementing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Bonifacio
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Ono M, Doi Y, Watanabe H, Ihara M, Ozaki A, Saji H. Structure–activity relationships of radioiodinated diphenyl derivatives with different conjugated double bonds as ligands for α-synuclein aggregates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02710e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the structure–activity relationships of radioiodinated diphenyl (IDP) derivatives with different conjugated double bonds as ligands for α-syn aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Yuki Doi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
- Suita-shi
- Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Neurology
- Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital
- Kita-ku
- Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
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