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Búzás A, Makai A, Groma GI, Dancsházy Z, Szendi I, Kish LB, Santa-Maria AR, Dér A. Hierarchical organization of human physical activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5981. [PMID: 38472275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human physical activity (HPA), a fundamental physiological signal characteristic of bodily motion is of rapidly growing interest in multidisciplinary research. Here we report the existence of hitherto unidentified hierarchical levels in the temporal organization of HPA on the ultradian scale: on the minute's scale, passive periods are followed by activity bursts of similar intensity ('quanta') that are organized into superstructures on the hours- and on the daily scale. The time course of HPA can be considered a stochastic, quasi-binary process, where quanta, assigned to task-oriented actions are organized into work packages on higher levels of hierarchy. In order to grasp the essence of this complex dynamic behaviour, we established a stochastic mathematical model which could reproduce the main statistical features of real activity time series. The results are expected to provide important data for developing novel behavioural models and advancing the diagnostics of neurological or psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Búzás
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, P.O.B. 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - András Makai
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, P.O.B. 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Géza I Groma
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, P.O.B. 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Dancsházy
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, P.O.B. 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - István Szendi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kiskunhalas Semmelweis Hospital, 1 Dr. Monszpart László Street, Kiskunhalas, 6400, Hungary
| | - Laszlo B Kish
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, TAMUS 3128, College Station, TX, 77843-3128, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, P.O.B. 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, P.O.B. 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary.
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2
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Kembro JM, Flesia AG, Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Takahashi JS, Nieto PS. Dietary restriction modulates ultradian rhythms and autocorrelation properties in mice behavior. Commun Biol 2024; 7:303. [PMID: 38461321 PMCID: PMC10925031 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal behavior emerges from integration of many processes with different spatial and temporal scales. Dynamical behavioral patterns, including daily and ultradian rhythms and the dynamical microstructure of behavior (i.e., autocorrelations properties), can be differentially affected by external cues. Identifying these patterns is important for understanding how organisms adapt to their environment, yet unbiased methods to quantify dynamical changes over multiple temporal scales are lacking. Herein, we combine a wavelet approach with Detrended Fluctuation Analysis to identify behavioral patterns and evaluate changes over 42-days in mice subjected to different dietary restriction paradigms. We show that feeding restriction alters dynamical patterns: not only are daily rhythms modulated but also the presence, phase and/or strength of ~12h-rhythms, as well as the nature of autocorrelation properties of feed-intake and wheel running behaviors. These results highlight the underlying complexity of behavioral architecture and offer insights into the multi-scale impact of feeding habits on physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Melissa Kembro
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA) and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- UNC, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ana Georgina Flesia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de Matemática (CIEM, CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Victoria América Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Paula Sofía Nieto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG, CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
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3
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Vieluf S, Cantley S, Krishnan V, Loddenkemper T. Ultradian rhythms in accelerometric and autonomic data vary based on seizure occurrence in paediatric epilepsy patients. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae034. [PMID: 38454964 PMCID: PMC10919479 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultradian rhythms are physiological oscillations that resonate with period lengths shorter than 24 hours. This study examined the expression of ultradian rhythms in patients with epilepsy, a disease defined by an enduring seizure risk that may vary cyclically. Using a wearable device, we recorded heart rate, body temperature, electrodermal activity and limb accelerometry in patients admitted to the paediatric epilepsy monitoring unit. In our case-control design, we included recordings from 29 patients with tonic-clonic seizures and 29 non-seizing controls. We spectrally decomposed each signal to identify cycle lengths of interest and compared average spectral power- and period-related markers between groups. Additionally, we related seizure occurrence to the phase of ultradian rhythm in patients with recorded seizures. We observed prominent 2- and 4-hour-long ultradian rhythms of accelerometry, as well as 4-hour-long oscillations in heart rate. Patients with seizures displayed a higher peak power in the 2-hour accelerometry rhythm (U = 287, P = 0.038) and a period-lengthened 4-hour heart rate rhythm (U = 291.5, P = 0.037). Those that seized also displayed greater mean rhythmic electrodermal activity (U = 261; P = 0.013). Most seizures occurred during the falling-to-trough quarter phase of accelerometric rhythms (13 out of 27, χ2 = 8.41, P = 0.038). Fluctuations in seizure risk or the occurrence of seizures may interrelate with ultradian rhythms of movement and autonomic function. Longitudinal assessments of ultradian patterns in larger patient samples may enable us to understand how such rhythms may improve the temporal precision of seizure forecasting models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Vieluf
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Cantley
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ting IJ, Psomas A, Skene DJ, Van der Veen DR. Reduced glucose concentration enhances ultradian rhythms in Pdcd5 promoter activity in vitro. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1244497. [PMID: 37904794 PMCID: PMC10613464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1244497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically driven ultradian rhythms in the hourly range are often co-expressed with circadian rhythms in various physiological processes including metabolic processes such as feeding behaviour, gene expression and cellular metabolism. Several behavioural observations show that reduced energy intake or increased energy expenditure leads to a re-balancing of ultradian and circadian timing, favouring ultradian feeding and activity patterns when energy availability is limited. This suggests a close link between ultradian rhythmicity and metabolic homeostasis, but we currently lack models to test this hypothesis at a cellular level. We therefore transduced 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells with a reporter construct that drives a destabilised luciferase via the Pdcd5 promotor, a gene we previously showed to exhibit robust ultradian rhythms in vitro. Ultradian rhythmicity in Pdcd5 promotor driven bioluminescence was observed in >80% of all cultures that were synchronised with dexamethasone, whereas significantly lower numbers exhibited ultradian rhythmicity in non-synchronised cultures (∼11%). Cosine fits to ultradian bioluminescence rhythms in cells cultured and measured in low glucose concentrations (2 mM and 5 mM), exhibited significantly higher amplitudes than all other cultures, and a shorter period (6.9 h vs. 8.2 h, N = 12). Our findings show substantial ultradian rhythmicity in Pdcd5 promotor activity in cells in which the circadian clocks have been synchronised in vitro, which is in line with observations of circadian synchronisation of behavioural ultradian rhythms. Critically, we show that the amplitude of ultradian rhythms is enhanced in low glucose conditions, suggesting that low energy availability enhances ultradian rhythmicity at the cellular level in vitro.
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Grant AD, Kriegsfeld LJ. Neural substrates underlying rhythmic coupling of female reproductive and thermoregulatory circuits. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1254287. [PMID: 37753455 PMCID: PMC10518419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated fluctuations in female reproductive physiology and thermoregulatory output have been reported for over a century. These changes occur rhythmically at the hourly (ultradian), daily (circadian), and multi-day (ovulatory) timescales, are critical for reproductive function, and have led to the use of temperature patterns as a proxy for female reproductive state. The mechanisms underlying coupling between reproductive and thermoregulatory systems are not fully established, hindering the expansion of inferences that body temperature can provide about female reproductive status. At present, numerous digital tools rely on temperature to infer the timing of ovulation and additional applications (e.g., monitoring ovulatory irregularities and progression of puberty, pregnancy, and menopause are developed based on the assumption that reproductive-thermoregulatory coupling occurs across timescales and life stages. However, without clear understanding of the mechanisms and degree of coupling among the neural substrates regulating temperature and the reproductive axis, whether such approaches will bear fruit in particular domains is uncertain. In this overview, we present evidence supporting broad coupling among the central circuits governing reproduction, thermoregulation, and broader systemic physiology, focusing on timing at ultradian frequencies. Future work characterizing the dynamics of reproductive-thermoregulatory coupling across the lifespan, and of conditions that may decouple these circuits (e.g., circadian disruption, metabolic disease) and compromise female reproductive health, will aid in the development of strategies for early detection of reproductive irregularities and monitoring the efficacy of fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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6
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Vu QT, Song K, Park S, Xu L, Nam HG, Hong S. An auxin-mediated ultradian rhythm positively influences root regeneration via EAR1/EUR1 in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136445. [PMID: 37351216 PMCID: PMC10282773 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultradian rhythms have been proved to be critical for diverse biological processes. However, comprehensive understanding of the short-period rhythms remains limited. Here, we discover that leaf excision triggers a gene expression rhythm with ~3-h periodicity, named as the excision ultradian rhythm (UR), which is regulated by the plant hormone auxin. Promoter-luciferase analyses showed that the spatiotemporal patterns of the excision UR were positively associated with de novo root regeneration (DNRR), a post-embryonic developmental process. Transcriptomic analysis indicated more than 4,000 genes including DNRR-associated genes were reprogramed toward ultradian oscillation. Genetic studies showed that EXCISION ULTRADIAN RHYTHM 1 (EUR1) encoding ENHANCER OF ABSCISIC ACID CO-RECEPTOR1 (EAR1), an abscisic acid signaling regulator, was required to generate the excision ultradian rhythm and enhance root regeneration. The eur1 mutant exhibited the absence of auxin-induced excision UR generation and partial failure during rescuing root regeneration. Our results demonstrate a link between the excision UR and adventitious root formation via EAR1/EUR1, implying an additional regulatory layer in plant regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Thi Vu
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Song
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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7
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Hoshino K. Problems in the Development of the Sleep-Wake Rhythm Influence Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111859. [PMID: 37296711 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the sleep-wake rhythm has a significant effect on the physical and mental development of children. The sleep-wake rhythm is controlled by aminergic neurons in the brainstem's ascending reticular activating system, which is associated with synaptogenesis and the promotion of brain development. The sleep-wake rhythm develops rapidly within the first year after birth. At 3-4 months of age, the framework of the circadian rhythm is established. The objective of the present review is to assess a hypothesis concerning problems in the development of the sleep-wake rhythm and their effect on neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism spectrum disorder is characterised by a delay in the development of sleep rhythms at 3-4 months of age and also insomnia and night-time awakenings, as supported by several reports. Melatonin may shorten the sleep latency in ASD. Rett syndrome sufferers kept awake during the daytime were analysed by the Sleep-wake Rhythm Investigation Support System (SWRISS) (IAC, Inc., (Tokyo, Japan)), and the cause was found to be the dysfunction of aminergic neurons. Children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder show sleep problems such as resistance to bedtime, difficulty falling asleep, sleep apnoea, and restless legs syndrome. Sleep deprivation syndrome in schoolchildren is deeply influenced by Internet use, games, and smartphones, and this syndrome affects emotion, learning, concentration, and executive functioning. Sleep disorders in adults are strongly considered to affect not only the physiological/autonomic nervous system but also neurocognitive/psychiatric symptoms. Even adults cannot avoid serious problems, much less children, and the impact of sleep problems is considerably greater in adults. Paediatricians and nurses should be aware of the significance, from birth, of sleep development and sleep hygiene education for carers and parents. This research was reviewed and approved by the ethical committee of the Segawa Memorial Neurological Clinic for Children (No. SMNCC23-02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hoshino
- Segawa Memorial Neurological Clinic for Children, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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8
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Coskun A, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A. Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076275. [PMID: 37047252 PMCID: PMC10094461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of biomolecules in living systems shows numerous systematic and random variations. Systematic variations can be classified based on the frequency of variations as ultradian (<24 h), circadian (approximately 24 h), and infradian (>24 h), which are partly predictable. Random biological variations are known as between-subject biological variations that are the variations among the set points of an analyte from different individuals and within-subject biological variation, which is the variation of the analyte around individuals’ set points. The random biological variation cannot be predicted but can be estimated using appropriate measurement and statistical procedures. Physiological rhythms and random biological variation of the analytes could be considered the essential elements of predictive, preventive, and particularly personalized laboratory medicine. This systematic review aims to summarize research that have been done about the types of physiological rhythms, biological variations, and their effects on laboratory tests. We have searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for biological variation and physiological rhythm articles in English without time restrictions with the terms “Biological variation, Within-subject biological variation, Between-subject biological variation, Physiological rhythms, Ultradian rhythms, Circadian rhythm, Infradian rhythms”. It was concluded that, for effective management of predicting, preventing, and personalizing medicine, which is based on the safe and valid interpretation of patients’ laboratory test results, both physiological rhythms and biological variation of the measurands should be considered simultaneously.
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Riggle JP, Kay LM, Onishi KG, Falk DT, Smarr BL, Zucker I, Prendergast BJ. Modified Wavelet Analyses Permit Quantification of Dynamic Interactions Between Ultradian and Circadian Rhythms. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:631-654. [PMID: 36380564 PMCID: PMC11024927 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221128652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms provide daily temporal structure to cellular and organismal biological processes, ranging from gene expression to cognition. Higher-frequency (intradaily) ultradian rhythms are similarly ubiquitous but have garnered far less empirical study, in part because of the properties that define them-multimodal periods, non-stationarity, circadian harmonics, and diurnal modulation-pose challenges to their accurate and precise quantification. Wavelet analyses are ideally suited to address these challenges, but wavelet-based measurement of ultradian rhythms has remained largely idiographic. Here, we describe novel analytical approaches, based on discrete and continuous wavelet transforms, which permit quantification of rhythmic power distribution across a broad ultradian spectrum, as well as precise identification of period within empirically determined ultradian bands. Moreover, the aggregation of normalized wavelet matrices allows group-level analyses of experimental treatments, thereby circumventing limitations of idiographic approaches. The accuracy and precision of these wavelet analyses were validated using in silico and in vivo models with known ultradian features. Experiments in male and female mice yielded robust and repeatable measures of ultradian period and power in home cage locomotor activity, confirming and extending reports of ultradian rhythm modulation by sex, gonadal hormones, and circadian entrainment. Seasonal changes in day length modulated ultradian period and power, and exerted opposite effects in the light and dark phases of the 24 h day, underscoring the importance of evaluating ultradian rhythms with attention to circadian phase. Sex differences in ultradian rhythms were more prominent at night and depended on gonadal hormones in male mice. Thus, relatively straightforward modifications to the wavelet procedure allowed quantification of ultradian rhythms with appropriate time-frequency resolution, generating accurate, and repeatable measures of period and power which are suitable for group-level analyses. These analytical tools may afford deeper understanding of how ultradian rhythms are generated and respond to interoceptive and exteroceptive cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Riggle
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Leslie M. Kay
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Committee on Computational Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenneth G. Onishi
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David T. Falk
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin L. Smarr
- Department of Bioengineering and the Halicioğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Irving Zucker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Brian J. Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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10
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Coskun A, Sandberg S, Unsal I, Serteser M, Aarsand AK. Personalized reference intervals: from theory to practice. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:501-516. [PMID: 35579539 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Using laboratory test results for diagnosis and monitoring requires a reliable reference to which the results can be compared. Currently, most reference data is derived from the population, and patients in this context are considered members of a population group rather than individuals. However, such reference data has limitations when used as the reference for an individual. A patient's test results preferably should be compared with their own, individualized reference intervals (RI), i.e. a personalized RI (prRI).The prRI is based on the homeostatic model and can be calculated using an individual's previous test results obtained in a steady-state situation and estimates of analytical (CVA) and biological variation (BV). BV used to calculate the prRI can be obtained from the population (within-subject biological variation, CVI) or an individual's own data (within-person biological variation, CVP). Statistically, the prediction interval provides a useful tool to calculate the interval (i.e. prRI) for future observation based on previous measurements. With the development of information technology, the data of millions of patients is stored and processed in medical laboratories, allowing the implementation of personalized laboratory medicine. PrRI for each individual should be made available as part of the laboratory information system and should be continually updated as new test results become available.In this review, we summarize the limitations of population-based RI for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, provide an outline of the prRI concept and different approaches to its determination, including statistical considerations for deriving prRI, and discuss aspects which must be further investigated prior to implementation of prRI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Coskun
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Porphyria Centre and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ibrahim Unsal
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serteser
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aasne K Aarsand
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Porphyria Centre and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Jiang S, Chen L, Huang ZL, Chen CR. Role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in sleep–wake regulation. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) acts as a cohesive functional unit that regulates neuroendocrine and autonomic function, complex behavior, and negative emotions after stress. However, how the PVH integrates arousal with these biological functions has only recently been explored. Clinical reports, combined with neurotoxic lesioning, immunochemistry, neuronal activity recordings, and the polysomnographic analyses of genetically modified animals, have revealed that the PVH is important for the control of wakefulness. Here, we review emerging anatomical and neural mechanisms for sleep–wake regulation in the PVH to support its essential role in the promotion and maintenance of wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chang-Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
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12
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Grant AD, Lewis DM, Kriegsfeld LJ. Multi-Timescale Rhythmicity of Blood Glucose and Insulin Delivery Reveals Key Advantages of Hybrid Closed Loop Therapy. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:912-920. [PMID: 33719596 PMCID: PMC9264430 DOI: 10.1177/1932296821994825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood glucose and insulin exhibit coordinated daily and hourly rhythms in people without diabetes (nonT1D). Although the presence and stability of these rhythms are associated with euglycemia, it is unknown if they (1) are preserved in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and (2) vary by therapy type. In particular, Hybrid Closed Loop (HCL) systems improve glycemia in T1D compared to Sensor Augmented Pump (SAP) therapies, but the extent to which either recapitulates coupled glucose and insulin rhythmicity is not well described. In HCL systems, more rapid modulation of glucose via automated insulin delivery may result in greater rhythmic coordination and euglycemia. Such precision may not be possible in SAP systems. We hypothesized that HCL users would exhibit fewer hyperglycemic event, superior rhythmicity, and coordination relative to SAP users. METHODS Wavelet and coherence analyses were used to compare glucose and insulin delivery rate (IDR) within-day and daily rhythms, and their coordination, in 3 datasets: HCL (n = 150), SAP (n = 89), and nonT1D glucose (n = 16). RESULTS Glycemia, correlation between normalized glucose and IDR, daily coherence of glucose and IDR, and amplitude of glucose oscillations differed significantly between SAP and HCL users. Daily glucose rhythms differed significantly between SAP, but not HCL, users and nonT1D individuals. CONCLUSIONS SAP use is associated with greater hyperglycemia, higher amplitude glucose fluctuations, and a less stably coordinated rhythmic phenotype compared to HCL use. Improvements in glucose and IDR rhythmicity may contribute to the overall effectiveness of HCL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azure D. Grant
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience
Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience
Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology,
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology,
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology,
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lance J. Kriegsfeld, PhD, Department
of Psychology, Integrative Biology, Graduate Group in Endocrinology
and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California,
2121 Berkeley Way, Mail Code 1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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13
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Grant AD, Wilbrecht L, Kriegsfeld LJ. Adolescent Development of Biological Rhythms in Female Rats: Estradiol Dependence and Effects of Combined Contraceptives. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752363. [PMID: 35615288 PMCID: PMC9126190 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of continuous development, including the maturation of endogenous rhythms across systems and timescales. Although, these dynamic changes are well-recognized, their continuous structure and hormonal dependence have not been systematically characterized. Given the well-established link between core body temperature (CBT) and reproductive hormones in adults, we hypothesized that high-resolution CBT can be applied to passively monitor pubertal development and disruption with high fidelity. To examine this possibility, we used signal processing to investigate the trajectory of CBT rhythms at the within-day (ultradian), daily (circadian), and ovulatory timescales, their dependence on estradiol (E2), and the effects of hormonal contraceptives. Puberty onset was marked by a rise in fecal estradiol (fE2), followed by an elevation in CBT and circadian power. This time period marked the commencement of 4-day rhythmicity in fE2, CBT, and ultradian power marking the onset of the estrous cycle. The rise in circadian amplitude was accelerated by E2 treatment, indicating a role for this hormone in rhythmic development. Contraceptive administration in later adolescence reduced CBT and circadian power and resulted in disruption to 4-day cycles that persisted after discontinuation. Our data reveal with precise temporal resolution how biological rhythms change across adolescence and demonstrate a role for E2 in the emergence and preservation of multiscale rhythmicity. These findings also demonstrate how hormones delivered exogenously in a non-rhythmic pattern can disrupt rhythmic development. These data lay the groundwork for a future in which temperature metrics provide an inexpensive, convenient method for monitoring pubertal maturation and support the development of hormone therapies that better mimic and support human chronobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azure D. Grant
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Linda Wilbrecht
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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14
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15
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Li P, Yu L, Yang J, Lo MT, Hu C, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Hu K. Interaction between the progression of Alzheimer's disease and fractal degradation. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 83:21-30. [PMID: 31585364 PMCID: PMC6858962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many outputs from healthy neurophysiological systems including motor activity display nonrandom fluctuations with fractal scaling behavior as characterized by similar temporal fluctuation patterns across a range of time scales. Degraded fractal regulation predicts adverse consequences including Alzheimer's dementia. We examined longitudinal changes in the scaling behavior of motor activity fluctuations during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1068 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Motor activity of up to 10 days was recorded annually for up to 13 years. Cognitive assessments and clinical diagnoses were administered annually in the same participants. We found that fractal regulation gradually degraded over time (p < 0.0001) even during the stage with no cognitive impairment. The degradation rate was more than doubled after the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and more than doubled further after the diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia (p's ≤ 0.0005). Besides, the longitudinal degradation of fractal regulation significantly correlated with the decline in cognitive performance throughout the progression from no cognitive impairment to mild cognitive impairment, and to AD (p < 0.001). All effects remained the same in subsequent sensitivity analyses that included only 255 decedents with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's pathology. These results indicate that the progression of AD accelerates fractal degradation and that fractal degradation may be an integral part of the process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Men-Tzung Lo
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chelsea Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Goh GH, Maloney SK, Mark PJ, Blache D. Episodic Ultradian Events-Ultradian Rhythms. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8010015. [PMID: 30875767 PMCID: PMC6466064 DOI: 10.3390/biology8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the fast lane of chronobiology, ultradian events are short-term rhythms that have been observed since the beginning of modern biology and were quantified about a century ago. They are ubiquitous in all biological systems and found in all organisms, from unicellular organisms to mammals, and from single cells to complex biological functions in multicellular animals. Since these events are aperiodic and last for a few minutes to a few hours, they are better classified as episodic ultradian events (EUEs). Their origin is unclear. However, they could have a molecular basis and could be controlled by hormonal inputs-in vertebrates, they originate from the activity of the central nervous system. EUEs are receiving increasing attention but their aperiodic nature requires specific sampling and analytic tools. While longer scale rhythms are adaptations to predictable changes in the environment, in theory, EUEs could contribute to adaptation by preparing organisms and biological functions for unpredictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Goh
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
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17
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Grant AD, Wilsterman K, Smarr BL, Kriegsfeld LJ. Evidence for a Coupled Oscillator Model of Endocrine Ultradian Rhythms. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:475-496. [PMID: 30132387 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418791423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Whereas long-period temporal structures in endocrine dynamics have been well studied, endocrine rhythms on the scale of hours are relatively unexplored. The study of these ultradian rhythms (URs) has remained nascent, in part, because a theoretical framework unifying ultradian patterns across systems has not been established. The present overview proposes a conceptual coupled oscillator network model of URs in which oscillating hormonal outputs, or nodes, are connected by edges representing the strength of node-node coupling. We propose that variable-strength coupling exists both within and across classic hormonal axes. Because coupled oscillators synchronize, such a model implies that changes across hormonal systems could be inferred by surveying accessible nodes in the network. This implication would at once simplify the study of URs and open new avenues of exploration into conditions affecting coupling. In support of this proposed framework, we review mammalian evidence for (1) URs of the gut-brain axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid, -adrenal, and -gonadal axes, (2) UR coupling within and across these axes; and (3) the relation of these URs to body temperature. URs across these systems exhibit behavior broadly consistent with a coupled oscillator network, maintaining both consistent URs and coupling within and across axes. This model may aid the exploration of mammalian physiology at high temporal resolution and improve the understanding of endocrine system dynamics within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azure D Grant
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Kathryn Wilsterman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Benjamin L Smarr
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California
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18
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Tsuneki H, Wada T, Sasaoka T. Chronopathophysiological implications of orexin in sleep disturbances and lifestyle-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:25-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Laje R, Agostino PV, Golombek DA. The Times of Our Lives: Interaction Among Different Biological Periodicities. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:10. [PMID: 29593507 PMCID: PMC5859086 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental cycles on Earth display different periodicities, including daily, tidal or annual time scales. Virtually all living organisms have developed temporal mechanisms to adapt to such changes in environmental conditions. These biological timing structures—ranging from microsecond to seasonal timing—may have intrinsic properties and even different clock machinery. However, interaction among these temporal systems may present evolutionary advantages, for example, when species are exposed to changing climatic conditions or different geographic locations. Here, we present and discuss a model that accounts for the circadian regulation of both ultradian (less than 24-h) and infradian (more than 24-h) cycles and for the interaction among the three time scales. We show two clear examples of such interaction: (i) between the circadian clock and the seasonal regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis; and (ii) between the circadian clock and the hypothalamic-nigrostriatal (HNS) ultradian modulation. This remarkable interplay among the otherwise considered isolated rhythms has been demonstrated to exist in diverse organisms, suggesting an adaptive advantage of multiple scales of biological timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Laje
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Agostino
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Bourguignon C, Storch KF. Control of Rest:Activity by a Dopaminergic Ultradian Oscillator and the Circadian Clock. Front Neurol 2017; 8:614. [PMID: 29230188 PMCID: PMC5711773 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is long-standing evidence for rhythms in locomotor activity, as well as various other aspects of physiology, with periods substantially shorter than 24 h in organisms ranging from fruit flies to humans. These ultradian oscillations, whose periods frequently fall between 2 and 6 h, are normally well integrated with circadian rhythms; however, they often lack the period stability and expression robustness of the latter. An adaptive advantage of ultradian rhythms has been clearly demonstrated for the common vole, suggesting that they may have evolved to confer social synchrony. The cellular substrate and mechanism of ultradian rhythm generation have remained elusive so far, however recent findings—the subject of this review—now indicate that ultradian locomotor rhythms rely on an oscillator based on dopamine, dubbed the dopaminergic ultradian oscillator (DUO). These findings also reveal that the DUO period can be lengthened from <4 to >48 h by methamphetamine treatment, suggesting that the previously described methamphetamine-sensitive (circadian) oscillator represents a long-period manifestation of the DUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bourguignon
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Maternal and Early-Life Circadian Disruption Have Long-Lasting Negative Consequences on Offspring Development and Adult Behavior in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3326. [PMID: 28607386 PMCID: PMC5468226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern life involves chronic circadian disruption through artificial light and these disruptions are associated with numerous mental and physical health maladies. Because the developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to perturbation, we hypothesized that early-life circadian disruption would negatively impact offspring development and adult function. Pregnant mice were subjected to chronic circadian disruption from the time of uterine implantation through weaning. To dissociate in utero from postnatal effects, a subset of litters was cross-fostered at birth from disrupted dams to control dams and vice versa. Postnatal circadian disruption was associated with reduced adult body mass, social avoidance, and hyperactivity. In utero disruption resulted in more pronounced social avoidance and hyperactivity, phenotypes not abrogated by cross-fostering to control mothers. To examine whether circadian disruption affects development by acting as an early life stressor, we examined birthweight, litter size, maternal cannibalism, and epigenetic modifications. None of these variables differed between control and disrupted dams, or resembled patterns seen following early-life stress. Our findings indicate that developmental chronic circadian disruption permanently affects somatic and behavioral development in a stage-of-life-dependent manner, independent of early life stress mechanisms, underscoring the importance of temporal structure during development, both in utero and early postnatal life.
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