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Chen H, Zha R, Lai X, Liu Y, Wei Z, Wang M, Zuo H, Hong W, Fan C, Jin C, Cui G, Tao R, Liang P, Zhang X. Internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder share neural connectivity patterns between the subcortical and the motor network. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2607-2619. [PMID: 36807959 PMCID: PMC10028654 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and tobacco use disorder (TUD) are globally common, non-substance-related disorders and substance-related disorders worldwide, respectively. Recognizing the commonalities between IGD and TUD will deepen understanding of the underlying mechanisms of addictive behavior and excessive online gaming. Using node strength, 141 resting-state data were collected in this study to compute network homogeneity. The participants included participants with IGD (PIGD: n = 34, male = 29, age: 15-25 years), participants with TUD (PTUD: n = 33, male = 33, age: 19-42 years), and matched healthy controls (control-for-IGD: n = 41, male = 38, age: 17-32 years; control-for-TUD: n = 33, age: 21-27 years). PIGD and PTUD exhibited common enhanced node strength between the subcortical and motor networks. Additionally, a common enhanced resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was found between the right thalamus and right postcentral gyrus in PIGD and PTUD. Node strength and RSFC were used to distinguish PIGD and PTUD from their respective healthy controls. Interestingly, models trained on PIGD versus controls could classify PTUD versus controls and vice versa, suggesting that these disorders share common neurological patterns. Enhanced connectivity may indicate a greater association between rewards and behaviors, inducing addiction behaviors without flexible and complex regulation. This study discovered that the connectivity between the subcortical and motor networks is a potential biological target for developing addiction treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rujing Zha
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Lai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengde Wei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huilin Zuo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guanbao Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Beijing Shijian Integrated Medicine Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Peipeng Liang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Simple Aesthetic Sense and Addiction Emerge in Neural Relations of Cost-Benefit Decision in Foraging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9627. [PMID: 32541824 PMCID: PMC7295997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A rudimentary aesthetic sense is found in the stimulus valuations and cost-benefit decisions made by primitive generalist foragers. These are based on factors governing personal economic decisions: incentive, appetite, and learning. We find that the addictive process is an extreme expression of aesthetic dynamics. An interactive, agent-based model, ASIMOV, reproduces a simple aesthetic sense from known neural relations of cost-benefit decision in foraging. In the presence of very high reward, an addiction-like process emerges. A drug-like prey provides extreme reward with no nutritive value, initiating high selectivity and prolonged cravings for drug through reward learning. Varying reward experience, caused by homeostatic changes in the neural circuitry of reward, further establishes the course of addiction, consisting of desensitization, withdrawal, resensitization, and associated changes in nutritional choice and pain sensitivity. These observations are consistent with the early evolution of addiction mechanisms in simple generalist foragers as an aesthetic sense for evaluating prey. ASIMOV is accessible to inspection, modification, and experiment, is adaptable as an educational tool, and provides insight on the possible coevolutionary origins of aesthetics and the addiction process.
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Vassilev P, Avvisati R, Koya E, Badiani A. Distinct Populations of Neurons Activated by Heroin and Cocaine in the Striatum as Assessed by catFISH. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0394-19.2019. [PMID: 31937522 PMCID: PMC7005257 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0394-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the still prevailing notion of a shared substrate of action for all addictive drugs, there is evidence suggesting that opioid and psychostimulant drugs differ substantially in terms of their neurobiological and behavioral effects. These differences may reflect separate neural circuits engaged by the two drugs. Here we used the catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization) technique to investigate the degree of overlap between neurons engaged by heroin versus cocaine in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The catFISH technique is a within-subject procedure that takes advantage of the different transcriptional time course of the immediate-early genes homer 1a and arc to determine to what extent two stimuli separated by an interval of 25 min engage the same neuronal population. We found that throughout the striatal complex the neuronal populations activated by noncontingent intravenous injections of cocaine (800 μg/kg) and heroin (100 and 200 μg/kg), administered at an interval of 25 min from each other, overlapped to a much lesser extent than in the case of two injections of cocaine (800 μg/kg), also 25 min apart. The greatest reduction in overlap between populations activated by cocaine and heroin was in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum (∼30% and ∼22%, respectively, of the overlap observed for the sequence cocaine-cocaine). Our results point toward a significant separation between neuronal populations activated by heroin and cocaine in the striatal complex. We propose that our findings are a proof of concept that these two drugs are encoded differently in a brain area believed to be a common neurobiological substrate to drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Vassilev
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Avvisati
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Eisuke Koya
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Badiani A, Caprioli D, De Pirro S. Opposite environmental gating of the experienced utility ('liking') and decision utility ('wanting') of heroin versus cocaine in animals and humans: implications for computational neuroscience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2451-2471. [PMID: 31289884 PMCID: PMC6695361 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, we reviewed translational studies concerned with environmental influences on the rewarding effects of heroin versus cocaine in rats and humans with substance use disorder. These studies show that both experienced utility ('liking') and decision utility ('wanting') of heroin and cocaine shift in opposite directions as a function of the setting in which these drugs were used. Briefly, rats and humans prefer using heroin at home but cocaine outside the home. These findings appear to challenge prevailing theories of drug reward, which focus on the notion of shared substrate of action for drug of abuse, and in particular on their shared ability to facilitate dopaminergic transmission. AIMS Thus, in the second part of the paper, we verified whether our findings could be accounted for by available computational models of reward. To account for our findings, a model must include a component that could mediate the substance-specific influence of setting on drug reward RESULTS: It appears of the extant models that none is fully compatible with the results of our studies. CONCLUSIONS We hope that this paper will serve as stimulus to design computational models more attuned to the complex mechanisms responsible for the rewarding effects of drugs in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Sussex Addiction Research & Intervention Centre (SARIC) and School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana De Pirro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sussex Addiction Research & Intervention Centre (SARIC) and School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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