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El Haj M, Kapogiannis D, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C. The phenomenological experience of autobiographical memory in patients with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38814663 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2360124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we offer a comprehensive assessment of the phenomenological experience of patients with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) upon retrieval of autobiographical memory. We invited patients with bvFTD and control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and rate, for each memory, its phenomenological characteristics. We also analyzed the retrieved memories regarding specificity (i.e., whether the memory described a general or a detailed event). Results demonstrated that, compared to control participants, patients with bvFTD attributed lower levels of reliving, back in time (feeling as if going back in time), remembering, realness, visual imagery, auditory imagery, language, emotion, rehearsal, importance, spatial recall and temporal recall to their memories. Lower autobiographical specificity was also observed in patients with bvFTD compared to control participants. Autobiographical specificity in patients with bvFTD was associated with verbal fluency and verbal episodic memory, but not with phenomenological experience. Although autobiographical memories of patients with bvFTD show low ratings of phenomenological experience, the patients may still enjoy some limited subjective experience during autobiographical retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU de Nantes, Centre Memoire Ressource et Recherche (CMRR), Departement de Neurologie, Nantes, France
- Inserm CIC 04, Nantes, France
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de Vries IRH, Oudman E, Postma A. Personality traits and personality problems in Korsakoff syndrome patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2024; 46:233-245. [PMID: 38640075 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2344840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Personality research is of relevance because it provides insights into the psychological strengths and vulnerabilities of a person. Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder following acute thiamine deficiency, usually as a consequence of alcohol-use disorders. Research on personality traits of KS patients is currently limited. The aim of the current exploratory study was therefore to examine the personality traits and problems of KS patients. We assessed self-reported and informant-reported personality traits and problems in institutionalized KS patients (n = 30). Results indicate that the psychotic personality organization was more frequently present in KS patients compared to a psychiatric reference population, leading to increased vulnerability for the development of severe psychiatric issues. Informants observed more premorbid and current cluster B ("emotional") and C ("anxious") personality behavior in comparison to the general population. Also, rigid- and socially avoidant behavior in KS patients was observed to increase over the years. They also observed personality problems such as emotional-, unpredictable-, dramatic-, anxious and fearful behavior in the present and in the past. KS patients reported themselves as healthy individuals, indicating a lack of self-awareness. We recommend training programs for the medical team focussed on psycho-education and supportive interventions for patients with complex personality problems concomitant to KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Roelfina Hendrika de Vries
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Centre, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Centre, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Centre, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Janssen GTL, Egger JIM, Kessels RPC. Impaired Executive Functioning Associated with Alcohol-Related Neurocognitive Disorder including Korsakoff's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6477. [PMID: 37892615 PMCID: PMC10607036 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: chronic alcohol use is consistently associated with impaired executive functioning, but its profile across the spectrum from mild to major alcohol-related cognitive impairment is, to date, unclear. This study aims to compare executive performances of patients with alcohol-induced neurocognitive disorder, including Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), by using a computerized assessment battery allowing a fine-grained and precise neuropsychological assessment; (2) Methods: performances of 22 patients with alcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) and 20 patients with KS were compared to those of 22 matched non-alcoholic controls. All participants were diagnosed in accordance with DSM-5-TR criteria and were at least six weeks abstinent from alcohol prior to assessment. Executive function was evaluated using four subtests of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®); (3) Results: significant differences between groups were found on spatial working memory (updating), sustained attention and inhibitory control, set shifting, and planning. Healthy controls performed significantly better than both patient groups (Games-Howell post hoc; p < 0.05), but no differences in performance were found between the ARCI and KS group; (4) Conclusions: ARCI and KS patients showed significant executive impairments, most prominent in updating, set-shifting and general planning abilities. Findings suggest equivalent levels of executive function in ARCI and KS patients. Our results highlight executive function as a significant hallmark of alcohol-induced neurocognitive disorder and stipulate the importance of early assessment and evaluation of skills to guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny T. L. Janssen
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands; (J.I.M.E.); (R.P.C.K.)
| | - Jos I. M. Egger
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands; (J.I.M.E.); (R.P.C.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P. C. Kessels
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands; (J.I.M.E.); (R.P.C.K.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tactus Addiction Care, 7418 ET Deventer, The Netherlands
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El Haj M, Ndobo A, Moustafa AA, Allain P. "What Did I Tell This Sad Person?": Memory for Emotional Destinations in Korsakoff's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051919. [PMID: 36902708 PMCID: PMC10003535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated destination memory, defined as the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted, for emotional destinations (i.e., a happy or sad person) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We asked patients with KS and control participants to tell facts to neutral, positive, or negative faces. On a subsequent recognition task, participants had to decide to whom they told each fact. Compared with control participants, patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of neutral, emotionally positive, and emotionally negative destinations. Patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of emotionally negative than for emotionally positive or neutral destinations, but there were no significant differences between recognition of neutral and emotionally positive destinations. Our study demonstrates a compromised ability to process negative destinations in KS. Our study highlights the relationship between memory decline and impaired emotional processing in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL EA 4638), SFR Confluences, Maison de la Recherche Germaine Tillion, Université d’Angers, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX 01, 49045 Angers, France
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Herrmann D, Oudman E, Postma A. The era of our lives: The memory of Korsakoff patients for the first Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in the Netherlands. Conscious Cogn 2023; 107:103454. [PMID: 36525743 PMCID: PMC9742220 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Memories for worldwide and emotional events (such as 9/11) are more vividly relived and recalled than memories for everyday events. Previous studies have shown that flashbulb memories of a single event enhanced the memory strength in severe amnesia. It is currently unknown whether macro-events that stretch out over longer periods of time (weeks, months) strengthen memory even further. Our aim was therefore to investigate to what extent patients with severe amnesia, due to Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), were able to relive the first Covid-19 lockdown in the Netherlands, and whether experienced emotions enhanced reliving of the participants. We included 22 KS patients and 24 age-, education-, and gender-matched healthy controls. Covid-19 related memories were assessed by measures of autobiographical memory specificity, phenomenological reliving, emotional intensity and semantic-and episodic knowledge about the first lockdown in March 2020 - May 2020 in the Netherlands. Although amnesia patients remembered significantly fewer autobiographical details regarding the Covid-19 lockdown than healthy controls, one fourth of the KS patients recalled specific events. Amnesia patients reported levels of emotional intensity equivalent to those in the control group. Stronger autobiographical reliving was associated with higher emotional intensity. Both amnesia patients and healthy controls had higher recall of episodic than semantic lockdown related information. In conclusion, results demonstrate that information for macro-events can still be memorized and relived, most specifically when emotional valence is high, even by highly amnestic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Slinge, 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is a large body of research on falls and their consequences in older adults, little is known about how older adults remember them. We addressed this gap by inviting older adults to remember falls and control memories. METHODS We analyzed specificity of memories and invited participants to rate emotional valence, mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, as experienced during retrieval. RESULTS Although analysis demonstrated no significant differences between memories of falls and control memories regarding specificity, participants rated memories of falls as more negative than control memories. Furthermore, they rated memories of falls as triggering higher mental time travel, higher visual imagery, higher importance, and higher rehearsal than control memories. CONCLUSIONS The negative emotional valence of memories of falls, as well as their ability to trigger significant levels of mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, demonstrate how these memories are different from other memories in older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings demonstrate how falls can modulate memory of personal events in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Emin Altintas
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Laboratoire PSITEC, Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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"Look at the future": Maintained fixation impoverishes future thinking. Conscious Cogn 2022; 105:103398. [PMID: 36037730 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between eye movements and future thinking. More specifically, we evaluated whether maintained fixation could influence cognitive characteristics of future thinking. We invited participants to imagine future events in two conditions: while freely exploring a white wall and while fixating a cross on the wall. Results demonstrated fewer and longer fixations, as well as fewer and shorter saccades during maintained fixation condition than in the free gaze condition. Shorter total amplitude of saccades was also observed during the maintained fixation condition than during the free-gaze condition. Regarding the cognitive characteristics of future thinking, fewer spatiotemporal details and less visual imagery, slower retrieval time, and shorter descriptions were observed for future thinking during maintained fixation than during free-gaze condition. These results demonstrate that maintaining fixation results in an effortful construction of future scenarios. We suggest that maintained fixation limits the cognitive resources that are required for future thinking.
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El Haj M, Lenoble Q, Moustafa AA. The pupil and myself: pupil dilation during retrieval of self-defining memories. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5259-5265. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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9
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Robin F. “Remember to take your medication”: Prospective memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:272-280. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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El Haj M, Robin F. The fabricated past: intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's disease. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2022; 27:273-288. [PMID: 35125060 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2036114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHOD We invited AD patients and control participants to construct real events as well as fabricated events describing fictitious personal events that occurred in the past. RESULTS Results demonstrated slower retrieval time for intentionally fabricated memories than for real ones in both AD patients and control participants. The analysis also showed similar vividness for intentionally fabricated memories and real ones in AD patients but lower vividness for intentionally fabricated memories than for real ones in control participants. CONCLUSIONS The slow retrieval time of intentionally fabricated memories may be attributed to the cognitive effort required to retrieve elements from autobiographical memory and edit them to construct a new memory. We suggest that the vividness of intentionally fabricated memories observed in AD may induce confusion with real memories. In addition to the experimental approach of our study, we offer a theoretical rationale for intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories by situating them in the wider context of different facets of false memories in AD (e.g. confabulations, source monitoring errors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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Westermeyer JJ, Soukup B, Mayer J, Lee K. Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Korsakoff Syndrome Patients: Updated Perspectives. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:592-599. [PMID: 34397759 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives consist of updating published reports on the recognition, assessment, and care of patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). Methods included defining relevant terms, describing core clinical phenomena, conducting meaningful reviews for latter-day WKS publications, and selecting instructive case examples. Findings covered epidemiology, precipitants, neuroimaging studies, alternate learning strategies in WKS, adjunctive treatments, and promising research. In conclusion, patients, their family members, clinicians, and public health experts should benefit from this updated knowledge. Countries with substantial alcohol consumption should consider emulating Holland in designating WKS research centers, founding regional clinical facilities, and funding multidisciplinary expert teams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathryn Lee
- Minneapolis VA Health Care Center, Minneapolis
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El Haj M. Autobiographical memory in Korsakoff syndrome: A review. Encephale 2021; 47:356-361. [PMID: 33832714 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) (i.e., memory for personal information) is a unique form of memory that goes beyond recalling information such as what, where and when of an event, to include what that event means and why it is important to our life story. This paper therefore reviews the available literature on AM in Korsakoff syndrome (KS). It summarizes the characteristics of AM disorders in KS patients. These disorders are mainly characterized by the difficulties that patients with KS have in retrieving and reliving specific AMs and in retrieving recent and remote memories. Another core characteristic of AM disorders in KS is confabulations. This paper hypothesizes that patients with KS may produce autobiographical confabulations to support their objectives and beliefs or even to answer a social demand or simply to share personal experiences with others. Although the current evidence demonstrates disorders of AM in KS, there is a need for more research about the characteristics of these disorders. This review thus proposes several perspectives for theoretical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Haj
- Nantes Université, University Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), 44000 Nantes, France; Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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El Haj M, Nandrino JL, Kessels RPC, Ndobo A. High emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval in women with Korsakoff syndrome. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2021; 26:136-148. [PMID: 33563089 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1885369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS. METHOD We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and, afterward, to rate mental time travel during retrieval, emotional value and importance of memories. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated lower specificity (i.e., lower ability to retrieve memories situated in a specific time and space), mental time travel, and importance in patients with KS compared to control participants. Analysis also demonstrated no significant difference between patients with KS and control participants regarding emotion. Critically, analysis demonstrated no significant differences neither women and men with KS, nor between women and men in the control group, regarding autobiographical specificity, mental time travel, or importance. However, women with KS attributed higher emotional value for memories compared to men with KS, and the same results were observed in the control group. DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate that the higher emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval, as observed in the general population, can also be observed in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Faculté de Psychologie, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- UMR 9193 SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - André Ndobo
- Faculté de Psychologie, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
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Robin F, Moustafa A, El Haj M. The image of memory: relationship between autobiographical memory and mental imagery in Korsakoff syndrome. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:120-126. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1716759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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El Haj M, M. J. Janssen S, Gallouj K, Lenoble Q. Autobiographical Memory Increases Pupil Dilation. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:280-287. [PMID: 31915538 PMCID: PMC6943370 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupil activity has been widely considered as a "summed index" of physiological activities during cognitive processing. METHODOLOGY We investigated pupil dilation during retrieval of autobiographical memory and compared pupil diameter with a control condition in which participants had to count aloud. We also measured pupil diameters retrieval of free (i.e., first memory that comes to mind), positive, and negative memories (memories associated, respectively, with the words "happy" and "sad"). RESULTS Analyses demonstrated larger pupil diameters during the free, positive, and negative autobiographical memory retrieval than during the control task. Analyses also demonstrated no significant differences in pupil diameters across the three autobiographical memory conditions. CONCLUSION These outcomes demonstrate that, compared with counting, autobiographical retrieval results in a larger pupil size. However, the emotional valence of memories yields non-significant effect on pupil diameters. Our findings demonstrate how autobiographical memory retrieval yields pupil dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Quentin Lenoble
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000Lille, France
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Nandrino JL. Future Thinking in Korsakoff Syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:455-462. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Prior research has been mainly concerned with the ability of patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS) to project themselves into the past. Little is known about the patients’ ability to project themselves into the future. We therefore compared past and future thinking in patients with KS.
Methods
We invited patients with KS and control participants to retrieve past events and reconstruct future events. Participants were also invited to rate subjective characteristics (i.e. time travel, emotional feeling, and visual imagery) of the past and future events.
Results
Patients with KS demonstrated low specificity, time travel, and emotional experience during past and future thinking. However, while lower emotional experience was observed in patients with KS than in the control participants during future thinking, no significant differences were observed between the two populations during past thinking. Regarding within-group comparisons, patients with KS demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, and visual imagery; however, they demonstrated higher emotional experience during past than during future thinking. Regarding control participants, they demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, emotional experience, and visual imagery.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate a diminished ability to construct specific future scenarios as well as a diminished subjective experience during future thinking in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ Nantes, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et, Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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Haj ME, Gandolphe MC, Moustafa AA, Nandrino JL. Tell about yourself to improve your autobiographical memory: A study of Korsakoff's syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:37-41. [PMID: 29986176 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) has been associated with a difficulty to retrieve specific autobiographical memories. We investigated whether this difficulty can be alleviated after the retrieval of statements describing self-images. KS patients and control participants were recruited and asked to retrieve autobiographical memories after providing statements to the question "Who am I?" and after a control condition consisting of verbal fluency. Analysis showed higher autobiographical specificity in the "Who am I?" than in verbal fluency condition in both patients with KS and control participants. At a theoretical level, our findings demonstrate how retrieval of information related to conceptual self may influence autobiographical memory in KS. At a clinical level, our procedures are important as they demonstrate how a simple task (i.e., "Who am I?" statements) may serve as a tool to cue specific autobiographical memories in patients with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Marie Charlotte Gandolphe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University,Doha, Qata
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille F-59000, France
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Seeing life through rose-colored spectacles: Autobiographical memory as experienced in Korsakoff’s syndrome. Conscious Cogn 2018; 60:9-16. [PMID: 29501971 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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