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Keeratikunakorn K, Chanapiwat P, Aunpad R, Ngamwongsatit N, Kaeoket K. Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide BiF2_5K7K on Contaminated Bacteria Isolated from Boar Semen and Semen Qualities during Preservation and Subsequent Fertility Test on Pig Farm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:579. [PMID: 39061261 PMCID: PMC11274119 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an antimicrobial peptide, BiF2_5K7K, on semen quality and bacterial contamination in boar semen doses used for artificial insemination. A key factor affecting semen quality and farm production is bacterial contamination in semen doses. Using antibiotics in a semen extender seems to be the best solution for minimizing bacterial growth during semen preservation. However, concern regarding antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has grown globally. As a result, antimicrobial peptides have emerged as interesting alternative antimicrobial agents to replace the current antibiotics used in semen extenders. BiF2_5K7K is an antimicrobial peptide that can inhibit Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated from boar semen and sow vaginal discharge. In this study, ten fresh boar semen samples were collected and diluted with one of two types of semen extender: with (positive control) or without (negative control) an antibiotic (i.e., gentamicin). The semen extender without an antibiotic contained antimicrobial peptide BiF2_5K7K at different concentrations (15.625, 31.25, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL). The samples were stored at 18 °C until use. Semen quality parameters were assessed on days 0, 1, 3, and 5, and the total bacterial count was also evaluated at 0, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after storage. A fertility test on a pig farm was also performed via sow insemination with a commercial extender plus BiF2_5K7K at a concentration of 31.25 µg/mL. No significant difference was found in terms of semen quality on days 0 or 1. On days 3 and 5, the total motility, progressive motility, and viability remained normal in the 15.625 and 31.25 µg/mL groups. However, the sperm parameters decreased starting on day 3 for the 125 µg/mL group and on day 5 for the 62.5 µg/mL group. For total bacterial count at 0, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h, the lowest bacterial count was found in the positive control group, and the highest bacterial count was found in the negative control group compared with the other groups. Comparing antimicrobial peptide groups from 0 to 48 h, the lowest bacterial count was found in the 125 µg/mL group, and the highest bacterial count was found in the 15.625 µg/mL group. For the fertility test, artificial insemination was conducted by using a commercial extender plus BiF2_5K7K at a concentration of 31.25 µg/mL. The results showed a superior pregnancy rate, farrowing rate, and total number of piglets born compared with artificial insemination conducted using a commercial extender plus antibiotic. In conclusion, BiF2_5K7K can inhibit bacterial growth in extended boar semen for 24 h, and thereafter, the bacterial count slightly increases. However, the increase in the number of bacterial counts from days 0 to 3 had no negative effect on sperm quality in the positive control, 15.625, or 31.25 µg/mL groups. This indicates that BiF2_5K7K might be an antimicrobial peptide candidate with potential for use as an alternative antimicrobial agent to replace the conventional antibiotic used in boar semen extenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Keeratikunakorn
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Panida Chanapiwat
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Ratchaneewan Aunpad
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Natharin Ngamwongsatit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
- Laboratory of Bacteria, Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kampon Kaeoket
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (K.K.); (P.C.)
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Ros-Santaella JL, Nový P, Scaringi M, Pintus E. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins as alternative antibiotics for porcine semen preservation. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:257. [PMID: 38867200 PMCID: PMC11167811 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is nowadays a major emerging challenge for public health worldwide. The over- and misuse of antibiotics, including those for cell culture, are promoting AMR while also encouraging the research and employment of alternative drugs. The addition of antibiotics to the cell media is strongly recommended in sperm preservation, being gentamicin the most used for boar semen. Because of its continued use, several bacterial strains present in boar semen have developed resistance to this antibiotic. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPPs) are promising candidates as alternative antibiotics because their mechanism of action is less likely to promote AMR. In the present study, we tested two AMPPs (lysozyme and nisin; 50 and 500 µg/mL) as possible substitutes of gentamicin for boar semen preservation up to 48 h of storage. RESULTS We found that both AMPPs improved sperm plasma membrane and acrosome integrity during semen storage. The highest concentration tested for lysozyme also kept the remaining sperm parameters unaltered, at 48 h of semen storage, and reduced the bacterial load at comparable levels of the samples supplemented with gentamicin (p > 0.05). On the other hand, while nisin (500 µg/mL) reduced the total Enterobacteriaceae counts, it also decreased the rapid and progressive sperm population and the seminal oxidation-reduction potential (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of lysozyme on sperm function together with its antimicrobial activity and inborn presence in body fluids, including semen and cervical mucus, makes this enzyme a promising antimicrobial agent for boar semen preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Ros-Santaella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Nový
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Scaringi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eliana Pintus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic.
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Navarro S, Abla H, Colmer-Hamood JA, Ventolini G, Hamood AN. Under conditions closely mimicking vaginal fluid, Lactobacillus jensenii strain 62B produces a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance that targets and eliminates Gardnerella species. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37909284 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the vaginal ecosystem, lactobacilli and Gardnerella spp. likely interact and influence each other's growth, yet the details of this interaction are not clearly defined. Using medium simulating vaginal fluid and a two-chamber co-culturing system to prevent cell-to-cell contact between the bacteria, we examined the possibility that Lactobacillus jensenii 62B (Lj 62B) and/or G. piotii (Gp) JCP8151B produce extracellular factors through which they influence each other's viability. By 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) in the co-culture system and under conditions similar to the vaginal environment - pH 5.0, 37 °C, and 5% CO2, Lj 62B viability was not affected but Gp JCP8151B had been eliminated. Cell-free supernatant harvested from Lj 62B cultures (Lj-CFS) at 20 hpi, but not 16 hpi, also eliminated Gp JCP8151B growth. Neither lactic acid nor H2O2 production by Lj 62B was responsible for this effect. The Lj-CFS did not affect viability of three species of lactobacilli or eight species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative uropathogens but eliminated viability of eight different strains of Gardnerella spp. Activity of the inhibitory factor within Lj-CFS was abolished by protease treatment and reduced by heat treatment suggesting it is most likely a bacteriocin-like protein; fractionation revealed that the factor has a molecular weight within the 10-30 kDa range. These results suggest that, in medium mimicking vaginal fluid and growth conditions similar to the vaginal environment, Lj 62B produces a potential bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (Lj-BLIS) that clearly targets Gardnerella spp. strains. Once fully characterized, Lj-BLIS may be a potential treatment for Gardnerella-related BV that does not alter the vaginal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Navarro
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Habib Abla
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jane A Colmer-Hamood
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gary Ventolini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Abdul N Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Flynn J, Culebras M, Collins MN, Hudson SP. The impact of varying dextran oxidation levels on the inhibitory activity of a bacteriocin loaded injectable hydrogel. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:308-319. [PMID: 35851672 PMCID: PMC9726672 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the design of injectable antimicrobial dextran-alginate hydrogels, the impact of dextran oxidation and its subsequent changes in molecular weight and the incorporation of glycol chitosan on (i) gel mechanical strength and (ii) the inhibitory profile of an encapsulated bacteriocin, nisin A, are explored. As the degree of oxidation increases, the weight average molecular mass of the dextran decreases, resulting in a reduction in elastic modulus of the gels made. Upon encapsulation of the bacteriocin nisin into the gels, varying the dextran mass/oxidation level allowed the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus to be controlled. Gels made with a higher molecular weight (less oxidised) dextran show a higher initial degree of inhibition while those made with a lower molecular weight (more oxidised) dextran exhibit a more sustained inhibition. Incorporating glycol chitosan into gels composed of dextran with higher masses significantly increased their storage modulus and the gels' initial degree of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, SSPC – The SFI Pharmaceutical Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mario Culebras
- School of Engineering, Stokes Laboratories, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- School of Engineering, Stokes Laboratories, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland ,Health Research Institute and AMBER, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P. Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, SSPC – The SFI Pharmaceutical Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Anumudu CK, Omoregbe O, Hart A, Miri T, Eze UA, Onyeaka H. Applications of Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Biotechnology and Food Preservation: A Bibliometric Review. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2206300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Due to the growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and the demand for safe food, there is increasing interest in using natural bioproducts such as the antimicrobial peptides bacteriocins to extend the shelf-life of foods. This is because of their spectrum of activity, ease of synthesis and applicability. This study reports on the global trends in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) bacteriocins based research publications in the Web of Science core collections within the last 20 years (2000-2019), with specific focus to their applications in biotechnology and food science.
Methods:
Data analysis was undertaken using VOSviewer and HistCite software to evaluate relationships between articles and visualise research linkages amongst authors, institutions and countries.
Results:
In the 20 years under review, a total of 1741 bacteriocin related articles were published, with the most cited publication examining the anti-infective activity of Lactobacillus salivarius. The highest research output was recorded by the United States, followed by Spain and China. However, Europe as a continent had the highest research output with a higher inter-institution collaboration network and stronger food safety legislations.
Discussion:
The bibliometric analysis gave insights into the research areas, cooperation network of authors, co-citation maps and co-occurrence of keywords utilized in the research field and indicates that bacteriocin-based research is highly multidisciplinary with a global reach.
Conclusion:
Key focus is on the control of foodborne disease pathogens, search for new producer organisms and approaches to improve bacteriocin yield and application. This class of antimicrobial peptides has the potential to replace chemical food preservatives in the future.
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Recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:138. [PMID: 35300702 PMCID: PMC8932341 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintended pregnancy is a global issue with serious ramifications for women, their families, and society, including abortion, infertility, and maternal death. Although existing contraceptive strategies have been widely used in people's lives, there have not been satisfactory feedbacks due to low contraceptive efficacy and related side effects (e.g., decreased sexuality, menstrual cycle disorder, and even lifelong infertility). In recent years, biomaterials-based long-acting reversible contraception has received increasing attention from the viewpoint of fundamental research and practical applications mainly owing to improved delivery routes and controlled drug delivery. This review summarizes recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception via various delivery routes, including subcutaneous implant, transdermal patch, oral administration, vaginal ring, intrauterine device, fallopian tube occlusion, vas deferens contraception, and Intravenous administration. In addition, biomaterials, especially nanomaterials, still need to be improved and prospects for the future in contraception are mentioned.
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Flynn J, Ryan A, Hudson SP. Synergistic antimicrobial interactions of nisin A with biopolymers and solubilising agents for oral drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 171:29-38. [PMID: 34986413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop bacteriocins, like the lantibiotic nisin A, into effective alternatives to existing antibiotics, their biophysical and physicochemical properties must first be assessed, from solubility, to susceptibility and absorption. It has been well established that formulation strategies at early drug development stages can be crucial for successful outcomes during preclinical and clinical phases of development, particularly for molecules with challenging physicochemical properties. This work elucidates the physicochemical challenges of nisin A in terms of its susceptibility to digestive enzymes like pepsin, pancreatin and proteinase K and its poor solubility at physiological pHs. Low solution concentrations, below the minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus, were obtained in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) and in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF, pH 6.5), while higher solubilities at more acidic pH's such as in a KCl/HCl buffer (pH 2) and in fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF, pH 1.6) are observed. Tween® 80 (0.01% v/v) significantly increased the solution concentration of nisin A in PBS (pH 7.4, 24 hr). Pancreatin doubled nisin A's solution concentration at pH 7.4 (PBS) but reduced its' inhibitory activity to ∼ 20%, and pepsin almost completely degraded nisin (after 24 hr), but retained activity at biologically relevant exposure times (∼ 15 min). Harnessing synergism between nisin A and either glycol chitosan or ε-poly lysine, combined with the solubilizing effect of Tween®, increased the antimicrobial activity of nisin A six fold in an in vitro oral administration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoibhín Ryan
- SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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8
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Daba GM, Elnahas MO, Elkhateeb WA. Beyond biopreservatives, bacteriocins biotechnological applications: History, current status, and promising potentials. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Flynn J, Ryan A, Hudson SP. Pre-formulation and delivery strategies for the development of bacteriocins as next generation antibiotics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:149-163. [PMID: 34020021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptide produced by bacteria, may offer a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics, an important step towards mitigating the ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance crisis. They are active against a range of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocins have been discussed in the literature for over a century. Although they are used as preservatives in food, no medicine based on their antimicrobial activity exists on the market today. In order to formulate them into clinical antibiotics, pre-formulation studies on their biophysical and physicochemical properties that will influence their activity in vivo and their stability during manufacture must be elucidated. Thermal, pH and enzymatic stability of bacteriocins are commonly studied and regularly reported in the literature. Solubility, permeability and aggregation properties on the other hand are less frequently reported for many bacteriocins, which may contribute to their poor clinical progression. Promising cytotoxicity studies report that bacteriocins exhibit few cytotoxic effects on a variety of mammalian cell lines, at active concentrations. This review highlights the lack of quantitative data and in many cases even qualitative data, on bacteriocins' solubility, stability, aggregation, permeability and cytotoxicity. The formulation strategies that have been explored to date, proposed routes of administration, trends in in vitro/in vivo behaviour and efforts in clinical development are discussed. The future promise of bacteriocins as a new generation of antibiotics may require tailored local delivery strategies to fulfil their potential as a force to combat antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoibhín Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Flynn J, Durack E, Collins MN, Hudson SP. Tuning the strength and swelling of an injectable polysaccharide hydrogel and the subsequent release of a broad spectrum bacteriocin, nisin A. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4029-4038. [PMID: 32195520 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides, are a potential alternative to current ineffective antimicrobial therapies. They can inhibit the growth of clinically relevant pathogens but their proteinaceous nature renders them susceptible to degradation and deactivation in vivo. We have designed injectable polysaccharide hydrogels for the controlled release of an incorporated bacteriocin, nisin. Nisin was encapsulated into these hydrogels which were composed of varying percentages of oxidised dextran, alginate functionalised with hydrazine groups and glycol chitosan. The nisin gels exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus up to 10 days. The incorporation of a deacetylated chitosan and the reduction of alginate-hydrazine could be used to tune the gel's swelling behaviour, strength and the subsequent release profile of nisin. Glycol chitosan also shows synergistic inhibition of S. aureus with nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Edel Durack
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Maurice N Collins
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick, Ireland.
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11
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Soltani S, Hammami R, Cotter PD, Rebuffat S, Said LB, Gaudreau H, Bédard F, Biron E, Drider D, Fliss I. Bacteriocins as a new generation of antimicrobials: toxicity aspects and regulations. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa039. [PMID: 32876664 PMCID: PMC7794045 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, bacteriocins have received substantial attention as antimicrobial compounds. Although bacteriocins have been predominantly exploited as food preservatives, they are now receiving increased attention as potential clinical antimicrobials and as possible immune-modulating agents. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been declared as a global threat to public health. Bacteriocins represent a potential solution to this worldwide threat due to their broad- or narrow-spectrum activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Notably, despite their role in food safety as natural alternatives to chemical preservatives, nisin remains the only bacteriocin legally approved by regulatory agencies as a food preservative. Moreover, insufficient data on the safety and toxicity of bacteriocins represent a barrier against the more widespread use of bacteriocins by the food and medical industry. Here, we focus on the most recent trends relating to the application of bacteriocins, their toxicity and impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Soltani
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996 Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Institute and school of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (MCAM), UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada
| | - François Bédard
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche en Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Oncologique et Génomique Humaine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche en Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Oncologique et Génomique Humaine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Djamel Drider
- Institut Charles Viollette, Université de Lille, EA 7394, 53955 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Abstract
While contraceptive drugs have enabled many people to decide when they want to have a baby, more than 100 million unintended pregnancies each year in the world may indicate the contraceptive requirement of many people has not been well addressed yet. The vagina is a well-established and practical route for the delivery of various pharmacological molecules, including contraceptives. This review aims to present an overview of different contraceptive methods focusing on the vaginal route of delivery for contraceptives, including current developments, discussing the potentials and limitations of the modern methods, designs, and how well each method performs for delivering the contraceptives and preventing pregnancy.
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Soares RS, Santos R, Cunha E, Tavares L, Trindade A, Oliveira M. Influence of Storage on the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Nisin-biogel with Potential to be Applied to Diabetic Foot Infections Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110781. [PMID: 33172027 PMCID: PMC7694602 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen in diabetic foot infections (DFIs). In addition to its ability to express several virulence factors, including the formation of recalcitrant biofilms, S. aureus is also becoming increasingly resistant to most antibiotics used in clinical practice. The search for alternative treatment strategies for DFI is urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), namely, nisin, are emerging as potential new therapeutics for managing DFIs. Our team has developed a nisin-guar gum biogel to be applied to DFIs. In this study, to confirm its future in vivo applicability, we evaluated the influence of four storage temperatures (−20 °C, 4 °C, 22 °C, and 37 °C) during a 24 months storage period on its antimicrobial activity towards DFI S. aureus, and its cytotoxicity, to a human keratinocyte cell line. When stored at temperatures below 22 °C, the biogel antimicrobial activity was not significantly influenced by storage duration or temperature. Moreover, nisin incorporated within the guar gum biogel exhibited no significant levels of cytotoxicity on human keratinocyte cells, confirming its potential for DFIs therapeutics. In conclusion, results confirm that the nisin-biogel is a potential candidate to be used as an alternative or complement compound for conventional DFI therapeutics.
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Roshanak S, Shahidi F, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Javadmanesh A, Movaffagh J. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Buforin I and Nisin and Synergistic Effect of the Combination of them as a Novel Antimicrobial Preservative. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2018-2025. [PMID: 32502264 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most effective methods for increasing the antimicrobial activity of a substance is to combine it with one or more other antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of buforin I and nisin alone and investigate the synergistic action of these compounds against the most important food spoilage microorganisms in clouding B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, L. innocua, E. coli, S. Enteritidis, A. oryzae, R. glutinis and G. candidum. The results of MIC and MBC/MFC examinations showed that buforin I had higher antimicrobial activity than nisin on all the microbial strains used in this study (p≤0.5). E.coli was the most resistant to both antimicrobial agents, while Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most sensitive to nisin and buforin I, respectively. The results of synergistic interaction between buforin I and nisin indicated that the combination of buforin I and nisin on B. subtilis, S. epidermidis and A. oryzae showed synergistic effect, while it had no effect on S. Enteritidis and Geotrichum candidum. The combination of buforin I and nisin showed partial synergistic effect on Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli, Rhodotorula glutinis. Assessment of viability of the microorganisms under the antimicrobial agents alone and in combination with each other at MICs and FICs indicated that use of these antimicrobial agents in combination enhances antimicrobial activity at lower concentrations of both agents. The present study investigated the antimicrobial properties of buforin I against food spoilage microorganisms for the first time and suggests that its use alone or in combination with nisin may provide a clear horizon for the application of antimicrobial peptides as natural preservatives. Thus, the combination of antimicrobial peptides and traditional antimicrobial food preservative could be a promising option for the prevention of contamination, spoilage, and infestation of food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fakhri Shahidi
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Professor Food science and Technology Azadi IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Mashhad Razavi Khorasan 9177948974
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Pant NC, Singh R, Gupta V, Chauhan A, Mavuduru R, Prabha V, Sharma P. Contraceptive efficacy of sperm agglutinating factor from Staphylococcus warneri, isolated from the cervix of a woman with inexplicable infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:85. [PMID: 31656198 PMCID: PMC6815424 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voluntary control of fertility is of paramount importance to the modern society. But since the contraceptive methods available for women have their limitations such as urinary tract infections, allergies, cervical erosion and discomfort, a desperate need exists to develop safe methods. Vaginal contraceptives may be the answer to this problem, as these are the oldest ways of fertility regulation, practiced over the centuries. With minimal systemic involvement, these are also the safest. Natural substances blocking or impairing the sperm motility offer as valuable non-cytotoxic vaginal contraceptives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) isolated from plants, animals and microorganisms are known to possess sperm immobilizing and spermicidal properties. Following this, in the quest for alternative means, we have cloned, over expressed and purified the recombinant sperm agglutinating factor (SAF) from Staphylococcus warneri, isolated from the cervix of a woman with unexplained infertility. METHODS Genomic library of Staphylococcus warneri was generated in Escherichia coli using pSMART vector and screened for sperm agglutinating factor (SAF). The insert in sperm agglutinating transformant was sequenced and was found to express ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase-α sub unit. The ORF was sub-cloned in pET28a vector, expressed and purified. The effect of rSAF on motility, viability, morphology, Mg++-dependent ATPase activity and acrosome status of human sperms was analyzed in vitro and contraceptive efficacy was evaluated in vivo in female BALB/c mice. RESULTS The 80 kDa rSAF showed complete sperm agglutination, inhibited its Mg2+-ATPase activity, caused premature sperm acrosomal loss in vitro and mimicked the pattern in vivo showing 100% contraception in BALB/c mice resulting in prevention of pregnancy. The FITC labeled SAF was found to bind the entire surface of spermatozoa. Vaginal application and oral administration of rSAF to mice for 14 successive days did not demonstrate any significant change in vaginal cell morphology, organ weight and tissue histology of reproductive and non-reproductive organs and had no negative impact in the dermal and penile irritation tests. CONCLUSION The Sperm Agglutinating Factor from Staphylococcus warneri, natural microflora of human cervix, showed extensive potential to be employed as a safe vaginal contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Chandra Pant
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vijaya Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aditi Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Vijay Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Ren Z, Yao R, Liu Q, Deng Y, Shen L, Deng H, Zuo Z, Wang Y, Deng J, Cui H, Hu Y, Ma X, Fang J. Effects of antibacterial peptides on rumen fermentation function and rumen microorganisms in goats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221815. [PMID: 31469857 PMCID: PMC6716671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have confirmed that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs: PBD-mI and LUC-n) can be used as feed additives, there are few reports of their use in ruminants. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of AMPs on ameliorating rumen fermentation function and rumen microorganisms in goats. Eighteen 4-month-old Chuanzhong black goats were used in a 60-day experiment (6 goats per group). Group I was used as the control and was fed a basal diet, the group II were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2 g of AMPs [per goat/day] and group III were fed the basal diet supplemented 3 g of AMPs [per goat/day], respectively. Rumen fluid samples were collected at 0, 20 and 60 days. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes and ciliate protozoal 18S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR from DNA extracted from rumen samples. The amplicons were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Rumen fermentation parameters and digestive enzyme activities were also examined. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with AMPs increased the levels of the bacterial genera Fibrobacter, Anaerovibrio and Succiniclasticum and also increased the ciliates genus Ophryoscolex, but reduced the levels of the bacterial genera Selenomonas, Succinivibrio and Treponema, and the ciliate genera Polyplastron, Entodinium, Enoploplastron and Isotricha. Supplementation with AMPs increased the activities of xylanase, pectinase and lipase in the rumen, and also increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids. These changes were associated with improved growth performance in the goats. The results revealed that the goats fed AMPs showed improved rumen microbiota structures, altered ruminal fermentation, and improved efficiency regarding the utilization of feed; thereby indicating that AMPs can improve growth performance. AMPs are therefore suitable as feed additives in juvenile goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Renjie Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Youtian Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Ya Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hengmin Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
| | - Jing Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Animal Disease of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuang Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuang, China
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Sartono G, Rizqiyah I, Asmarinah, Heng NCK, Malik A. Three Bacteriocin Peptides from a Lactic Acid Bacterium Weissella confusa MBF8-1 with Spermicidal Activity. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:766-771. [PMID: 31244418 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190617163310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens and a population explosion, e.g. in countries such as Indonesia, are two issues the world is facing today. These issues have stimulated interest in the development of new antimicrobial therapeutic agents and contraceptive strategies, such as novel spermicides. Bacteriocins, which are bacterially-derived antimicrobial peptides, may fulfill some of the criteria for these new agents. METHODS Weissella confusa MBF8-1, originally isolated from a homemade soy product, exhibits antibacterial activity that was subsequently found to be plasmid-encoded, presumably by three peptides Bac1, Bac2 and Bac3. In the present study, we tested cell-free MBF8-1 bacteriocin preparations and chemically-synthesized versions of Bac1, Bac2 and Bac3 peptides for (i) its antibacterial activity against the indicator bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides and (ii) its ability to affect the motility of spermatozoa. Nisin, a known lantibiotic bacteriocin, was used as the control. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that synthetic Bac1, in combination with synthetic Bac2, was sufficient to inhibit the growth of L. mesenteroides and affect sperm motility. However, the presence of all three synthetic peptides, s-Bac1, s-Bac2 and s-Bac3, was required for full potency. CONCLUSION In summary, the bacteriocin-like peptides of W. confusa MBF8-1 have the potential to be developed as a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent and a novel spermicidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusti Sartono
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Izzatu Rizqiyah
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Asmarinah
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, UI Salemba Campus, Jalan Salemba Raya no. 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nicholas C K Heng
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amarila Malik
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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Flynn J, Mallen S, Durack E, O'Connor PM, Hudson SP. Mesoporous matrices for the delivery of the broad spectrum bacteriocin, nisin A. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 537:396-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pant NC, Singh R, Chauhan A, Gupta V, Mavuduru RS, Prabha V, Sharma P. Contraceptive Sperm Agglutinating Proteins Identified in Staphylococcus warneri, Natural Microflora of an Infertile Woman. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:51-57. [PMID: 30728630 PMCID: PMC6328407 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus warneri, isolated from the cervix of an adult female with unexplained infertility, was found to agglutinate human spermatozoa in vitro leading to their death. A genomic library of S. warneri was generated using pSMART-Escherichia coli vector-host system. Approximately 3500 transformants were screened and four showed sperm agglutinating activity. Sperm agglutinating proteins (SAPs) were partially purified from the positive transformants and were found to agglutinate sperms in vitro. Cloned ORFs in positive transformants were sequenced and ORF finder identified them as endonuclease, accessory secretory protein-Asp1, accessory secretory protein-Asp2 and signal transduction protein. Mannose was found to competitively inhibit sperm agglutination, indicating that SAPs in S. warneri bind to mannose in glycoprotein receptors on the surface of sperms for agglutination. This is the first report on identification of SAPs which may be responsible for unexplained infertility in women and may be used as contraceptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Chandra Pant
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Aditi Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Vijaya Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | | | - Vijay Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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Nisin, a food preservative produced by Lactococcus lactis, affects the localization pattern of intermediate filament protein in HaCaT cells. Anat Sci Int 2018; 94:163-171. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-018-0462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Baindara P, Korpole S, Grover V. Bacteriocins: perspective for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10393-10408. [PMID: 30338356 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from prokaryotic source also known as bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized by bacteria belonging to different eubacterial taxonomic branches. Most of these AMPs are low molecular weight cationic membrane active peptides that disrupt membrane by forming pores in target cell membranes resulting in cell death. While these peptides known to exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including antibacterial and antifungal, they displayed minimal cytotoxicity to the host cells. Their antimicrobial efficacy has been demonstrated in vivo using diverse animal infection models. Therefore, we have discussed some of the promising peptides for their ability towards potential therapeutic applications. Further, some of these bacteriocins have also been reported to exhibit significant biological activity against various types of cancer cells in different experimental studies. In fact, differential cytotoxicity towards cancer cells as compared to normal cells by certain bacteriocins directs for a much focused research to utilize these compounds as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, bacteriocins that demonstrated antitumor activity against diverse cancer cell lines have been discussed emphasizing their biochemical features, selectivity against extra targets and molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suresh Korpole
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Dr. HS Judge Dental Institute and Hospital, Punjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Dicks LMT, Dreyer L, Smith C, van Staden AD. A Review: The Fate of Bacteriocins in the Human Gastro-Intestinal Tract: Do They Cross the Gut-Blood Barrier? Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2297. [PMID: 30323796 PMCID: PMC6173059 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, consisting of the vascular endothelium, epithelial cell lining, and mucus layer, covers a surface of about 400 m2. The integrity of the gut wall is sustained by transcellular proteins forming tight junctions between the epithelial cells. Protected by three layers of mucin, the gut wall forms a non-permeable barrier, keeping digestive enzymes and microorganisms within the luminal space, separate from the blood stream. Microorganisms colonizing the gut may produce bacteriocins in an attempt to outcompete pathogens. Production of bacteriocins in a harsh and complex environment such as the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) may be below minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels. At such low levels, the stability of bacteriocins may be compromised. Despite this, most bacteria in the gut have the ability to produce bacteriocins, distributed throughout the GIT. With most antimicrobial studies being performed in vitro, we know little about the migration of bacteriocins across epithelial barriers. The behavior of bacteriocins in the GIT is studied ex vivo, using models, flow cells, or membranes resembling the gut wall. Furthermore, little is known about the effect bacteriocins have on the immune system. It is generally believed that the peptides will be destroyed by macrophages once they cross the gut wall. Studies done on the survival of neurotherapeutic peptides and their crossing of the brain-blood barrier, along with other studies on small peptides intravenously injected, may provide some answers. In this review, the stability of bacteriocins in the GIT, their effect on gut epithelial cells, and their ability to cross epithelial cells are discussed. These are important questions to address in the light of recent papers advocating the use of bacteriocins as possible alternatives to, or used in combination with, antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M. T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leané Dreyer
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anton D. van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Deslouches B, Di YP. Antimicrobial peptides with selective antitumor mechanisms: prospect for anticancer applications. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46635-46651. [PMID: 28422728 PMCID: PMC5542299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last several decades, there have been significant advances in anticancer therapy. However, the development of resistance to cancer drugs and the lack of specificity related to actively dividing cells leading to toxic side effects have undermined these achievements. As a result, there is considerable interest in alternative drugs with novel antitumor mechanisms. In addition to the recent approach using immunotherapy, an effective but much cheaper therapeutic option of pharmaceutical drugs would still provide the best choice for cancer patients as the first line treatment. Ribosomally synthesized cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or host defense peptides (HDP) display broad-spectrum activity against bacteria based on electrostatic interactions with negatively charged lipids on the bacterial surface. Because of increased proportions of phosphatidylserine (negatively charged) on the surface of cancer cells compared to normal cells, cationic amphipathic peptides could be an effective source of anticancer agents that are both selective and refractory to current resistance mechanisms. We reviewed herein the prospect for AMP application to cancer treatment, with a focus on modes of action of cationic AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kierończyk B, Sassek M, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Kołodziejski P, Rawski M, Świątkiewicz S, Józefiak D. The physiological response of broiler chickens to the dietary supplementation of the bacteriocin nisin and ionophore coccidiostats. Poult Sci 2017; 96:4026-4037. [PMID: 29050441 PMCID: PMC5850792 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with nisin alone or in combination with salinomycin or monensin on broiler chickens in terms of growth performance, selected blood parameters, digestive enzyme activity, apparent nutrient digestibility, and tibiotarsus mineralization, as well as selected gastrointestinal tract (GIT) organ weights, intestinal length, and central immune organ weights. Two independent experiments, each including 400 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks differing in ionophore coccidiostats, i.e., salinomycin and monensin supplementation, were conducted. The following treatments were applied: experiment 1: NA-no additives, SAL-salinomycin (60 mg/kg diet), NIS-nisin (2,700 IU/kg diet), SAL+NIS-salinomycin (60 mg/kg diet) and nisin (2,700 IU/kg diet); experiment 2: NA-no additives, MON-monensin (100 mg/kg diet), NIS-nisin (2,700 IU/kg diet) and MON+NIS-monensin (100 mg/kg diet) and nisin (2,700 IU/kg diet). The addition of nisin with or without ionophores to the birds' diet improved broiler growth performance in terms of BWG and FCR (days 1 to 14) and BWG and FI (15 to 35 d; 1 to 35 d). Salinomycin showed effects similar to those of nisin influence on growth performance (1 to 35 d), while monensin supplementation resulted in lower BWG. Moreover, no additive effect between nisin and ionophores was observed. Nisin and salinomycin had no influence on the serum concentration of selected hormones and other blood biochemical parameters except glucose, which was reduced by nisin. A decrease in lipase activity was observed during nisin and salinomycin supplementation, while the apparent ileal digestibility of fat was not affected. However, the digestibility of crude protein increased with nisin administration. Additionally, the effects of nisin on decreasing the weight and length of GIT segments were observed. Supplementation with nisin and monensin was not associated with a negative impact on tibiotarsus mineralization and the immune organ index. This study suggests that nisin may be used in broiler nutrition as a growth promotor, with no negative influence on the bird's metabolism or immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kierończyk
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60–637 Poznań, Poland
| | - M Sassek
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60–637 Poznań, Poland
| | - E Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60–637 Poznań, Poland
| | - P Kołodziejski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60–637 Poznań, Poland
| | - M Rawski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60–637 Poznań, Poland
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - S Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32–083 Balice, Poland
| | - D Józefiak
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60–637 Poznań, Poland
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Ghosh P, Bhoumik A, Saha S, Mukherjee S, Azmi S, Ghosh JK, Dungdung SR. Spermicidal efficacy of VRP, a synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide, inducing apoptosis and membrane disruption. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1041-1050. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Ghosh
- Sperm Biology LaboratoryCell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Arpita Bhoumik
- Sperm Biology LaboratoryCell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Sperm Biology LaboratoryCell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Sandipan Mukherjee
- Sperm Biology LaboratoryCell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Sarfuddin Azmi
- Molecular and Structural Biology DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Department of BiochemistryJawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeA.M.U.AligarhUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Jimut K. Ghosh
- Molecular and Structural Biology DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Sandhya R. Dungdung
- Sperm Biology LaboratoryCell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
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Effect of Co-overexpression of Nisin Key Genes on Nisin Production Improvement in Lactococcus lactis LS01. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 9:204-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tanphaichitr N, Srakaew N, Alonzi R, Kiattiburut W, Kongmanas K, Zhi R, Li W, Baker M, Wang G, Hickling D. Potential Use of Antimicrobial Peptides as Vaginal Spermicides/Microbicides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E13. [PMID: 26978373 PMCID: PMC4812377 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent increases in global population and sexually transmitted infection (STI) demand a search for agents with dual spermicidal and microbicidal properties for topical vaginal application. Previous attempts to develop the surfactant spermicide, nonoxynol-9 (N-9), into a vaginal microbicide were unsuccessful largely due to its inefficiency to kill microbes. Furthermore, N-9 causes damage to the vaginal epithelium, thus accelerating microbes to enter the women's body. For this reason, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), naturally secreted by all forms of life as part of innate immunity, deserve evaluation for their potential spermicidal effects. To date, twelve spermicidal AMPs have been described including LL-37, magainin 2 and nisin A. Human cathelicidin LL-37 is the most promising spermicidal AMP to be further developed for vaginal use for the following reasons. First, it is a human AMP naturally produced in the vagina after intercourse. Second, LL-37 exerts microbicidal effects to numerous microbes including those that cause STI. Third, its cytotoxicity is selective to sperm and not to the female reproductive tract. Furthermore, the spermicidal effects of LL-37 have been demonstrated in vivo in mice. Therefore, the availability of LL-37 as a vaginal spermicide/microbicide will empower women for self-protection against unwanted pregnancies and STI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, ON, Canada.
| | - Nopparat Srakaew
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Rhea Alonzi
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, ON, Canada.
| | - Wongsakorn Kiattiburut
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Ruina Zhi
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, and School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, and School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Mark Baker
- Reproductive Proteomics, Department of Science and Information technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Drive, Newcastle, NSW 2308 Australia.
| | - Guanshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA.
| | - Duane Hickling
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, ON, Canada.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, ON, Canada.
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Zare-Zardini H, Fesahat F, Anbari F, Halvaei I, Ebrahimi L. Assessment of spermicidal activity of the antimicrobial peptide sarcotoxin Pd: A potent contraceptive agent. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2015; 21:15-21. [PMID: 26052043 DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1052395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In searching for new spermicidal microbicides for use in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) we investigated the spermicidal and cytotoxicity activities of the antimicrobial peptide sarcotoxin Pd. METHODS Washed sperm from 10 healthy, normal volunteers was treated with different concentrations of sarcotoxin Pd. Sperm motility and morphology were assessed at 0, 0.3, 5, 10 and 15 min. The cytotoxicity of sarcotoxin Pd in normal human cervical HeLa cells was measured. Percentage cell survival was expressed as the number of live cells in the test group. RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of sarcotoxin Pd was concentration-dependent. Significant cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations above 24 μg/ml. Sarcotoxin Pd immobilised 100% of spermatozoa at a dose of 90 and 80 μg/ml after 0.3 and 5 min, respectively, and immobilised 50% of spermatozoa after 15 min at lower doses. Sarcotoxin Pd inhibited sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner. The peptide immobilised sperm within 20 s at its maximal effective concentration of 90 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Sarcotoxin Pd appears to be a good candidate for a contraceptive agent in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy and STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zare-Zardini
- a Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University , Yazd , Iran.,b Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services , Yazd , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- c Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran.,d Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Anbari
- c Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Iman Halvaei
- c Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Leila Ebrahimi
- e Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran , Iran
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Jozala AF, de Lencastre Novaes LC, Mazzola PG, Oliveira-Nascimento L, Vessoni Penna TC, Teixeira JA, Passarinha LA, Queiroz JA, Pessoa A. Low-cost purification of nisin from milk whey to a highly active product. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Srakaew N, Young CD, Sae-wu A, Xu H, Quesnel KL, di Brisco R, Kongmanas K, Fongmoon D, Hommalai G, Weerachatyanukul W, Hall SH, Zhang YL, Panza L, Franchini L, Compostella F, Pearson TW, Hancock RE, Oko RJ, Hermo LS, Tanphaichitr N. Antimicrobial host defence peptide, LL-37, as a potential vaginal contraceptive. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:683-96. [PMID: 24549217 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, inhibit sperm fertilizing ability? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results indicate that LL-37 inhibits mouse and human sperm fertilizing ability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY LL-37, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, exerts its microbicidal effects through the disruption of microbial cytoplasmic membranes following its interaction with microbial surface anionic phospholipids. ALL-38 (an LL-37 close analogue: LL-37 + Ala at the N-terminus) is produced in the vagina 2-6 h post-intercourse from its precursor hCAP-18, a seminal plasma component. At this time, motile sperm have already swum into the uterine cavity, thus unexposed to ALL-38. Since sperm contain a substantial amount of acidic sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG) on their surface, treatment of sperm with LL-37 may cause their membrane disruption in an analogous manner to that occurring on microbial membranes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION Mouse/human sperm treated (2-30 min) with LL-37 in a physiological concentration range (up to 10.8 µM) were assessed for SGG-dependent LL-37 binding, and parameters relevant to fertilizing ability, namely motility and intactness of the sperm acrosome and plasma membrane. Ability of mouse sperm to fertilize eggs in vitro was also evaluated. Each study was performed with greater than or equal to three different sperm samples. The efficacy of LL-37 to inhibit sperm fertilizing ability in vivo was determined in female mice (n = 26 each for LL-37 treatment and no treatment), using sperm retrieved from 26 males. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human sperm samples were donated by fertile men. LL-37 was chemically synthesized and was biotinylated for sperm binding studies. Sperm motility was assessed by videomicroscopy and the acrosomal status by Coomassie blue staining of acrosome-intact mouse sperm or the exposure of CD46, an inner acrosomal membrane protein, of acrosome reacted human sperm. Sperm membrane permeabilization/disruption was assessed by the loss of hypo-osmotic swelling response, an incorporation of Sytox Green (a membrane impermeable fluorescent DNA dye), and electron microscopy. Mouse IVF was scored by the presence of two pronuclei in eggs 6 h post-insemination. Ability of mouse sperm to fertilize eggs in vivo was determined by the pregnancy outcome of female mice injected transcervically with sperm with or without LL-37. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Biotinylated LL-37 bound to both mouse and human sperm and the binding was partially dependent on sperm surface SGG. Mouse and human sperm became immotile and underwent a premature acrosome reaction upon treatment with LL-37 at 3.6 and 10.8 µM, respectively. The initial action of LL-37 on both mouse and human sperm appeared to be through permeabilization/disruption of sperm surface membranes evidenced by the loss of hypo-osmotic swelling response, Sytox Green staining and electron microscopy revealing ultrastructural damage. Mouse sperm treated with 3.6 µM LL-37 lost the ability to fertilize eggs both in vitro and in vivo. All 26 female mice inseminated with sperm and LL-37 did not become pregnant. No apparent damage to the reproductive tract was observed as revealed by histological characterization in LL-37-inseminated mice and these females resumed fecundity following mating with fertile males. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Direct demonstration that LL-37 treated human sperm fail to fertilize eggs was limited by legal restrictions on obtaining human eggs for such use. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results reveal selective inhibitory effects of LL-37 on sperm fertilizing ability in mice without apparent impairment to the female reproductive tract. LL-37 is therefore a promising candidate to be developed into a vaginal contraceptive with microbicidal activity. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Grand Challenges Explorations grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1024509), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP119438 & CCI82413) and International Collaboration and Exchanges NSFC of China (No.30611120525). There are no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopparat Srakaew
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6
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Prakash S, Ravikumar S, Reddy KVR, Kannapiran E. Spermicidal activity of Indian seaweeds: an in vitro study. Andrologia 2013; 46:408-16. [PMID: 23557355 DOI: 10.1111/and.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraceptive properties of seaweeds are still stands as lacuna; in this context, the screening of in vitro male contraceptive properties of crude ethanolic extract of Indian seaweeds against normal human sperm is carried out. In total, twelve seaweeds were screened for in vitro spermicidal activity. Among these twelve seaweeds, Halimeda gracilis showed 100% inhibition of human spermatozoa at 10 mg ml(-1) concentration in 20 s and its EC50 value was 2.05 mg ml(-1) in 20 s. Further, dose- and time-dependent spermicidal assay revealed that the sperm was completely immobilised for 20 s. Plasma membrane of sperm was damaged due to the exposure of H. gracilis extract. MTT assay with H. gracilis extract showed 88.5% of cytotoxic incidence. H. gracilis extract tested for cytotoxicity against Artemia salina recorded LC50 value of 34.8 μg ml(-1) . Phytochemical analysis of H. gracilis extract evidenced the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins and sugars. Results of this study clearly inferred that the synergistic effect of active principles reside within the H. gracilis extract had shown better contraceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prakash
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Study, School of Marine Sciences, Thondi Campus, Alagappa University, Thondi, Tamilnadu, India
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Zaïri A, Tangy F, Hani K. Dermaseptin S4derivative K4K20S4: A potential candidate for development of a new microbicide contraceptive agent – anin vitrostudy. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2013; 18:79-87. [DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.769950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Singh KK, Parmar S, Tatke PA. Contraceptive efficacy and safety of HerbOshield™ vaginal gel in rats. Contraception 2011; 85:122-7. [PMID: 22067802 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermicides represent one of the methods of contraception. The synthetic agents available as spermicides produce severe side effects. Hence, there is a need to replace these agents with safe and effective agents such as plant-based contraceptive agents. STUDY DESIGN The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate a stable, safe, effective and easily acceptable contraceptive delivery system containing herbal drug. Efforts were made to evaluate the contraceptive potential of the hydroalcoholic extract from the seeds of Annona squamosa Linn. and the vaginal gel HerbOshield™ containing the extract. RESULTS Spermicidal effect was evaluated in vitro using healthy human spermatozoa and in vivo in rats. The in vitro results demonstrated that HerbOshield™ vaginal gel is an effective spermicide. At a 100-mg/mL dose, complete immobilization of human spermatozoa was observed within 20 s. None of the treated animals conceived, indicating 100% contraceptive effect as compared to Gynol II, a nonoxynol-9-containing marketed formulation, which showed only 67% contraceptive effect in vivo. HerbOshield™ vaginal gel was found to be safe in animals during a 14-day toxicity study. CONCLUSIONS HerbOshield™ vaginal gel was found to be safe and effective in rats and could be developed as a potential vaginal contraceptive for future use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalinder K Singh
- C.U. Shah College of Pharmacy, Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thakersey Women's University, Santacruz (West), Mumbai-400049, India.
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van Heel AJ, Montalban-Lopez M, Kuipers OP. Evaluating the feasibility of lantibiotics as an alternative therapy against bacterial infections in humans. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:675-80. [PMID: 21521092 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.573478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the commercialization and ubiquitous use of antibiotics in the 20th century, there has been a steady increase in the number of reports on resistant bacteria. In recent years, this situation has become even more dramatic. The relatively slow development of new drugs, especially those with novel modes of action on target bacteria, is not paired with the rapid rate of resistance appearance. Lantibiotics form a group of antimicrobial peptides of bacterial origin with a dual mechanism of action not shared by other therapeutic compounds in use. They have a high potency to inhibit diverse (multidrug resistant) bacteria, combined with a low tendency to generate resistance. These properties make lantibiotics attractive candidates for clinical applications. This paper discusses some of the most recent results obtained in lantibiotic clinical application, paying special attention to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties they display. The objective of this paper is to give insight into the actual clinical applicability of lantibiotics and to point to the unexplored aspects that should be addressed in future research. The authors feel that lantibiotics could increase the number of second line antibiotics for systemic use in the future; however, further research is still needed before this is possible.
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Field D, Quigley L, O'Connor PM, Rea MC, Daly K, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Studies with bioengineered Nisin peptides highlight the broad-spectrum potency of Nisin V. Microb Biotechnol 2010; 3:473-86. [PMID: 21255345 PMCID: PMC3815813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nisin A is the most thoroughly investigated member of the lantibiotic family of antimicrobial peptides. In addition to a long history of safe use as a food antimicrobial, its activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens has resulted in a renewed interest in applying nisin as a chemotherapeutic to treat bacterial infections. The wealth of Nisin-related information that has been generated has also led to the development of the biotechnological capacity to engineer novel Nisin variants with a view to improving the function and physicochemical properties of this already potent peptide. However, the identification of bioengineered Nisin derivatives with enhanced antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive targets is a recent event. In this study, we created stable producers of the most promising derivatives of Nisin A generated to date [M21V (hereafter Nisin V) and K22T (hereafter Nisin T)] and assessed their potency against a range of drug-resistant clinical, veterinary and food pathogens. Nisin T exhibited increased activity against all veterinary isolates, including streptococci and staphylococci, and against a number of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates including MRSA, but not vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In contrast, Nisin V displayed increased potency against all targets tested including hVISA strains and the hyper-virulent Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 and against important food pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus. Significantly, this enhanced activity was validated in a model food system against L. monocytogenes. We conclude that Nisin V possesses significant potential as a novel preservative or chemotherapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lisa Quigley
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mary C. Rea
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen Daly
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Ireland
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Jain RK, Jain A, Kumar R, Verma V, Maikhuri JP, Sharma VL, Mitra K, Batra S, Gupta G. Functional attenuation of human sperm by novel, non-surfactant spermicides: precise targeting of membrane physiology without affecting structure. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1165-76. [PMID: 20176593 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have attempted to identify structural, physiological and other targets on human sperm vulnerable to the spermicidal action of two novel series of non-detergent molecules, reported to irreversibly immobilize human sperm in <30 s, apparently without disrupting plasma membrane. METHODS Three sperm samples were studied. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess structural aberrations of sperm membrane; plasma membrane potential and intracellular pH measurements (fluorometric) were used to detect changes in sperm physiology; reactive oxygen species (ROS, fluorometric) and superoxide dismutase activity (colorimetric) were indicators of oxidative stress; and sperm dynein ATPase activity demonstrated alterations in motor energy potential, in response to spermicide treatment. Post-ejaculation tyrosine phosphorylation of human sperm proteins (immunoblotting) was a marker for functional integrity. RESULTS Disulfide esters of carbothioic acid (DSE compounds) caused complete sperm attenuation at > or =0.002% concentration with hyper-polarization of sperm membrane potential (P < 0.001), intracellular alkalinization (P < 0.01), ROS generation (P < 0.05) and no apparent effect on sperm (n = 150) membrane structure. Isoxazolecarbaldehyde compounds required > or =0.03% for spermicidal action and caused disrupted outer acrosomal membrane structure, depolarization of membrane potential (P < 0.001), intracellular acidification (P < 0.01) and ROS generation (P < 0.01). Detergent [nonoxynol-9 (N-9)] action was sustainable at > or =0.05% and involved complete breakdown of structural and physiological membrane integrity with ROS generation (P < 0.001). All spermicides caused functional attenuation of sperm without inhibiting motor energetics. Unlike N-9, DSE-37 (vaginal dose, 200 microg) completely inhibited pregnancy in rats and vaginal epithelium was unchanged (24 h,10 mg). CONCLUSIONS The study reveals a unique mechanism of action for DSE spermicides. DSE-37 holds promise as a safe vaginal contraceptive. CDRI Communication No. 7545.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Jain
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow 226 001, India
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Zairi A, Tangy F, Bouassida K, Hani K. Dermaseptins and magainins: antimicrobial peptides from frogs' skin-new sources for a promising spermicides microbicides-a mini review. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:452567. [PMID: 19893636 PMCID: PMC2773376 DOI: 10.1155/2009/452567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), are two great concerns in the reproductive health of women. Thus, the challenge is to find products with a double activity, on the one hand having antimicrobial/antiviral properties with a role in the reduction of STI, and on the other hand having spermicidal action to be used as a contraceptive. In the absence of an effective microbicide along with the disadvantages of the most commonly used spermicidal contraceptive worldwide, nonoxynol-9, new emphasis has been focused on the development of more potential intravaginal microbicidal agents. Topical microbicides spermicides would ideally provide a female-controlled method of self-protection against HIV as well as preventing pregnancies. Nonoxynol-9, the only recommended microbicide spermicide, damages cervicovaginal epithelium because of its membrane-disruptive properties. Clearly, there is an urgent need to identify new compounds with dual potential microbicidal properties; antimicrobial peptides should be candidates for such investigations. Dermaseptins and magainins are two classes of cationic, amphipathic alpha-helical peptides that have been identified in the skin extracts of frogs Phyllomedusa sauvagei and Xenopus laevis. Regarding their contraceptive activities and their effect against various STI-causing pathogens, we believe that these two peptides are appropriate candidates in the evaluation of newer and safer microbicides spermicides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zairi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Virus Lents, CNRS URA 1930, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Khaled Hani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
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Badaoui Najjar M, Kashtanov D, Chikindas ML. Natural Antimicrobials ε-Poly-l-lysine and Nisin A for Control of Oral Microflora. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2009; 1:143. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-009-9020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Interaction of contraceptive antimicrobial peptide nisin with target cell membranes: implications for use as vaginal microbicide. Contraception 2009; 80:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Investigation of the cytotoxicity of antimicrobial peptide P40 on eukaryotic cells. Curr Microbiol 2009; 60:1-5. [PMID: 19727943 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro cytotoxicity of the antimicrobial peptide P40 was investigated. The food grade bacteriocin nisin was also analyzed for comparison. VERO cells were treated with different concentrations (0.02-2.5 microg ml(-1)) of nisin and P40, and cell viability and plasma membrane integrity were checked by MTT, neutral red uptake (NRU), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. In MTT and NRU assays the EC(50) to the purified peptide P40 were 0.30 and 0.51 microg ml(-1), while values found to nisin were 0.35 and 0.79 microg ml(-1), respectively. In the LDH assay, the EC(50) was 0.57 and 0.62 microg ml(-1) for P40 and nisin, respectively. The peptide P40 revealed higher hemolytical activity (19%) when compared to nisin (4.9%) at the highest concentration tested (2.5 microg ml(-1)). Relatively few studies about the cytotoxicity of antimicrobial peptides are available. The determination of the cytotoxicity of antimicrobial peptides is an essential step to warrant their safe use.
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Lantibiotics: diverse activities and unique modes of action. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:475-87. [PMID: 19393544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are one of the most promising alternative candidates for future antibiotics that maintain their antibacterial efficacy through many mechanisms. Of these mechanisms, some modes of activity have recently been reported, providing opportunities to show these peptides as potential candidates for forthcoming applications. Many findings providing new insight into the detailed molecular activities of numerous lantibiotics are constantly being uncovered. The combination of antibiotic mechanisms in one lantibiotic molecule shows its diverse antimicrobial usefulness as a future generation of antibiotic. Since lantibiotics do not have any known candidate resistance mechanisms, the discovered distinct modes of activity may revolutionize the design of anti-infective drugs through the knowledge provided by these super molecules. In this review, we discuss the rising assortment of lantibiotics, with special emphasis on their structure-function relationships, addressing the unique activities involved in their individual modes of action.
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de Arauz LJ, Jozala AF, Mazzola PG, Vessoni Penna TC. Nisin biotechnological production and application: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2009.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Riazi S, Wirawan RE, Badmaev V, Chikindas ML. Characterization of lactosporin, a novel antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1370-7. [PMID: 19191946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans used in the probiotic dietary supplement (Lactospore) Probiotic, Sabinsa Corp., Piscataway, NJ, USA). METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 was grown at 37 degrees C for 18 h. The cell free supernatant was concentrated 10-fold (lactosporin preparation, LP). The antimicrobial activity of LP was confirmed against Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10420 in a well diffusion assay. The proteinaceous nature of LP was determined following exposure to different enzymes. The activity of LP was pH-dependent but stable to heat. The isoelectric point of LP was determined to be 3.5-4.0. PCR analyses showed no similarity between lactosporin and known antimicrobial proteins produced by the Bacillus spp. CONCLUSIONS Lactosporin is a novel antimicrobial protein. Initial characterization indicates that it may fall outside of the conventional classification of class I and II bacteriocins. Loss of activity after exposure to a number of proteolytic enzymes and lipase suggest that lactosporin may posses a lipid moiety which contributes to its inhibitory activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The unique characteristics of lactosporin, including its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic micro-organisms, indicate that it may have potential for application in foods and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riazi
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, 08901, USA
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Schirmer C, Meisel H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) with Affinity for the Polypeptide Nisin. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-008-9061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Spermicidal activity of the safe natural antimicrobial peptide subtilosin. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2008; 2008:540758. [PMID: 18923673 PMCID: PMC2565553 DOI: 10.1155/2008/540758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition affecting millions of women each year, is primarily caused by the gram-variable organism Gardnerella vaginalis. A number of organisms associated with BV cases have been reported to develop multidrug resistance, leading to the need for alternative therapies. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin has proven antimicrobial activity against G. vaginalis, but not against the tested healthy vaginal microbiota of lactobacilli. After conducting tissue sensitivity assays using an ectocervical tissue model, we determined that human cells remained viable after prolonged exposures to partially-purified subtilosin, indicating the compound is safe for human use. Subtilosin was shown to eliminate the motility and forward progression of human spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner, and can therefore be considered a general spermicidal agent. These results suggest subtilosin would be a valuable component in topical personal care products aimed at contraception and BV prophylaxis and treatment.
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Safety study of an antimicrobial peptide lactocin 160, produced by the vaginal Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2008; 2007:78248. [PMID: 18273406 PMCID: PMC2216118 DOI: 10.1155/2007/78248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of the antimicrobial peptide, lactocin 160. METHODS Lactocin 160, a product of vaginal probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus 160 was evaluated for toxicity and irritation. An in vitro human organotypic vaginal-ectocervical tissue model (EpiVaginal) was employed for the safety testing by determining the exposure time to reduce tissue viability to 50% (ET-50). Hemolytic activity of lactocin160 was tested using 8% of human erythrocyte suspension. Susceptibility of lactobacilli to lactocin160 was also studied. Rabbit vaginal irritation (RVI) model was used for an in vivo safety evaluation. RESULTS The ET-50 value was 17.5 hours for lactocin 160 (4.9 hours for nonoxynol 9, N9). Hemolytic activity of lactocin 160 was 8.2% (N9 caused total hemolysis). Lactobacilli resisted to high concentrations of peptide preparation. The RVI model revealed slight vaginal irritation. An average irritation index grade was evaluated as "none." CONCLUSIONS Lactocin 160 showed minimal irritation and has a good potential for intravaginal application.
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Zairi A, Serres C, Tangy F, Jouannet P, Hani K. In vitro spermicidal activity of peptides from amphibian skin: Dermaseptin S4 and derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:266-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liquid–liquid extraction of commercial and biosynthesized nisin by aqueous two-phase micellar systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008; 42:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Silkin L, Hamza S, Kaufman S, Cobb SL, Vederas JC. Spermicidal bacteriocins: lacticin 3147 and subtilosin A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:3103-6. [PMID: 18042385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spermicidal compounds that also exhibit antimicrobial properties would be extremely attractive agents as they could be used to not only prevent unwanted pregnancy but also to combat the growing prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI). One class of compounds that are potential candidates for development of dual-acting contraceptive products are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Herein, we report preliminary studies carried out to investigate the spermicidal activity of two bacteriocins, lacticin 3147 and subtilosin A, on bovine, horse/pony, boar and rat sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Silkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2G2
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