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Lee GY, Lee JS, Son CG, Lee NH. Combating Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Using Herbal Medicines. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:551-560. [PMID: 32740824 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancer types around the world. Most of the CRC patients are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs alone or combined. However, up to 90% of metastatic cancer patients experience the failure of treatment mostly because of the acquired drug resistance, which can be led to multidrug resistance (MDR). In this study, we reviewed the recent literature which studied potential CRC MDR reversal agents among herbal medicines (HMs). Among abundant HMs, 6 single herbs, Andrographis paniculata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Hedyotis diffusa, Sophora flavescens, Curcuma longa, Bufo gargarizans, and 2 formulae, Pien Tze Huang and Zhi Zhen Fang, were found to overcome CRC MDR by two or more different mechanisms, which could be a promising candidate in the development of new drugs for adjuvant CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, 31099, Republic of Korea.,Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, 31099, Republic of Korea. .,Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea.
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Dey A, Mukherjee A, Chaudhury M. Alkaloids From Apocynaceae. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63931-8.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Bin Sayeed MS, Karim SMR, Sharmin T, Morshed MM. Critical Analysis on Characterization, Systemic Effect, and Therapeutic Potential of Beta-Sitosterol: A Plant-Derived Orphan Phytosterol. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:E29. [PMID: 28930139 PMCID: PMC5456237 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Beta-sitosterol (BS) is a phytosterol, widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and known to be involved in the stabilization of cell membranes. To compile the sources, physical and chemical properties, spectral and chromatographic analytical methods, synthesis, systemic effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic potentials, toxicity, drug delivery and finally, to suggest future research with BS, classical as well as on-line literature were studied. Classical literature includes classical books on ethnomedicine and phytochemistry, and the electronic search included Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others. BS could be obtained from different plants, but the total biosynthetic pathway, as well as its exact physiological and structural function in plants, have not been fully understood. Different pharmacological effects have been studied, but most of the mechanisms of action have not been studied in detail. Clinical trials with BS have shown beneficial effects in different diseases, but long-term study results are not available. These have contributed to its current status as an "orphan phytosterol". Therefore, extensive research regarding its effect at cellular and molecular level in humans as well as addressing the claims made by commercial manufacturers such as the cholesterol lowering ability, immunological activity etc. are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selim Muhammad Rezaul Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasnuva Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Monzur Morshed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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Dwivedi GR, Maurya A, Yadav DK, Khan F, Darokar MP, Srivastava SK. Drug Resistance Reversal Potential of Ursolic Acid Derivatives against Nalidixic Acid- and Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:272-83. [PMID: 25476148 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a part of our drug discovery program, ursolic acid was chemically transformed into six semi-synthetic derivatives, which were evaluated for their antibacterial and drug resistance reversal potential in combination with conventional antibiotic nalidixic acid against the nalidixic acid-sensitive and nalidixic acid-resistant strains of Escherichia coli. Although ursolic acid and its all semi-synthetic derivatives did not show antibacterial activity of their own, but in combination, they significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of nalidixic acid up to eightfold. The 3-O-acetyl-urs-12-en-28-isopropyl ester (UA-4) and 3-O-acetyl-urs-12-en-28-n-butyl ester (UA-5) derivatives of ursolic acid reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of nalidixic acid by eightfold against nalidixic acid-resistant and four and eightfold against nalidixic acid-sensitive, respectively. The UA-4 and UA-5 were further evaluated for their synergy potential with another antibiotic tetracycline against the multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli-KG4. The results showed that both these derivatives in combination with tetracycline reduced the cell viability in concentration-dependent manner by significantly inhibiting efflux pump. This was further supported by the in silico binding affinity of UA-4 and UA-5 with efflux pump proteins. These ursolic acid derivatives may find their potential use as synergistic agents in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Anupam Maurya
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Metabolic & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
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Khyade MS, Kasote DM, Vaikos NP. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. and Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don: A comparative review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:1-18. [PMID: 24486598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. and Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don are two vital medicinal plant species (family: Apocynaceae). In India, the therapeutic use of Alstonia scholaris has been described in both codified and non-codified drug systems for the treatment of malaria, jaundice, gastrointestinal troubles, cancer and in many other ailments. Other species, Alstonia macrophylla has been used in conventional medicines in Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines as a general tonic, aphrodisiac, anticholeric, antidysentery, antipyretic, emmenagogue, and vulnerary agents. In India, Alstonia macrophylla is used as a substitute for Alstonia scholaris in various herbal pharmaceutical preparations. However, one certainly cannot evaluate the truthfulness of a practice (i.e. in scientific terms). In this article we discuss and summarize comparative data about traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Alstonia scholaris and Alstonia macrophylla. Moreover, in order to unfold future research opportunities, lacunae in the present knowledge are also highlighted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature about Alstonia scholaris and Alstonia macrophylla was collected by using electronic and library search. Additionally, referred books on traditional medicine and ethnopharmacology were also utilized for receiving traditional records about both the plant species. RESULTS Both Alstonia scholaris and Alstonia macrophylla are rich in different types of bioactive alkaloids. So far, broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities have been reported to both the species. Amongst them, antimicrobial and anticancer activities were promising. CONCLUSIONS The use of Alstonia macrophylla as a substitute for Alstonia scholaris is not at all justifiable as both the species are distinct from each other in their phytochemistry and pharmacology. Further detail chemical fingerprinting and metabolic studies of these two species are warranted to prevent their mutual adulteration most importantly in the context of commercial preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra S Khyade
- Department of Botany, S. N. Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B.N. Sarda Science College, Sangamner 422605, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Deepak M Kasote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Nityanand P Vaikos
- Department of Botany, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, Maharashtra, India
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Mukherjee H, Ojha D, Bharitkar YP, Ghosh S, Mondal S, Kaity S, Dutta S, Samanta A, Chatterjee TK, Chakrabarti S, Mondal NB, Chattopadhyay D. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of Shorea robusta, an Indian ethnomedicine, and its isolated constituent(s) in topical formulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:335-343. [PMID: 23838474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Different parts of Indian ethnomedicinal plant Shorea robusta is traditionally used for several ailments including wounds and burn by different tribal groups, since ages. Here we have validated, for the first time, the effectiveness and the possible mechanism of action of young leaf extracts of Shorea robusta, used by two distinct tribes of India, and its isolated compounds as a topical formulation in three wound models in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactivity-guided study of the active extract resulted in the isolation of two known compounds. The prepared ointment containing extracts (2.5 and 5%, w/w), fractions (5% w/w) and isolated compounds (0.25% w/w) were evaluated on excision, incision and dead space wound models in rats by the rate of wound closure, period of epithelialisation, tensile strength, granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline content and histopathology. RESULTS The animals treated with the extracts and fractions (5%) showed significant reduction in wound area 96.55 and 96.41% with faster epithelialisation (17.50 and 17.86), while the isolated compounds bergenin and ursolic acid heal the wound faster, but complete epithelialisation with 100% wound contraction was evident with 5% povidone-iodine group on 18th post-wounding day. Moreover, the tensile strength of incision wound, granuloma tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content was significantly increased in both the extract and compound(s) treated animals. Furthermore, the tissue histology of animals treated with the isolated compound(s) showed complete epithelialisation with increased collagenation, similar to povidone-iodine group. CONCLUSION Thus, our results validated the traditional use of Shorea robusta young leaves in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Mukherjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700010, West Bengal, India
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Wang J, Liu L, Qiu H, Zhang X, Guo W, Chen W, Tian Y, Fu L, Shi D, Cheng J, Huang W, Deng W. Ursolic acid simultaneously targets multiple signaling pathways to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63872. [PMID: 23737956 PMCID: PMC3667855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid distributed in medical herbs, exerts antitumor effects and is emerging as a promising compound for cancer prevention and therapy, but its excise mechanisms of action in colon cancer cells remains largely unknown. Here, we identified the molecular mechanisms by which UA inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human colon cancer SW480 and LoVo cells. Treatment with UA led to significant inhibitions in cell viability and clone formation and changes in cell morphology and spreading. UA also suppressed colon cancer cell migration by inhibiting MMP9 and upregulating CDH1 expression. Further studies showed that UA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK proteins. Pretreatment with an Akt or ERK-specific inhibitor considerably abrogated the proliferation inhibition by UA. UA also significantly inhibited colon cancer cell COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Pretreatment with a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) abrogated the UA-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that UA effectively promoted NF-κB and p300 translocation from cell nuclei to cytoplasm, and attenuated the p300-mediated acetylation of NF-κB and CREB2. Pretreatment with a p300 inhibitor (roscovitine) abrogated the UA-induced cell proliferation, which is reversed by p300 overexpression. Furthermore, UA treatment induced colon cancer cell apoptosis, increased the cleavage of PARP, caspase-3 and 9, and trigged the release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial inter-membrane space into cytosol. These results indicate that UA inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through simultaneous modulation of the multiple signaling pathways such as MMP9/CDH1, Akt/ERK, COX-2/PGE2, p300/NF-κB/CREB2, and cytochrome c/caspase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital-Huangpu Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Wangbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianding Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Park JH, Kwon HY, Sohn EJ, Kim KA, Kim B, Jeong SJ, Song JH, Koo JS, Kim SH. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates ursolic acid-induced apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1366-74. [PMID: 24399733 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is known to exert antitumor activity in breast, lung, liver and colon cancers. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism of ursolic acid in prostate cancer cells still remains unclear. To investigate the antitumor mechanism, the apoptotic mechanism of ursolic acid via Wnt/β-catenin signaling was examined in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. METHODS Cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were performed. RESULTS Ursolic acid showed cytotoxicity against PC-3, LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cells with IC50 of 35 μM, 47 μM and 80 μM, respectively. Also, ursolic acid significantly increased the number of ethidium homodimer stained cells and apoptotic bodies, and dose-dependently enhanced the sub-G1 apoptotic accumulation in PC-3 cells. Consistently, western blotting revealed that ursolic acid effectively cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), activated caspase-9 and -3, suppressed the expression of survival proteins such as Bcl-XL, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and upregulated the expression of Bax in PC-3 cells. Interestingly, ursolic acid suppressed the expression of Wnt5α/β and β-catenin, and enhanced the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β). Furthermore, the GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 or Wnt3a-conditioned medium (Wnt3a-CM) reversed the cleavages of caspase-3 and PARP induced by ursolic acid in PC-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ursolic acid induces apoptosis via inhibition of the Wnt5/β-catenin pathway and activation of caspase in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. These results support scientific evidence that medicinal plants containing ursolic acid can be applied to cancer prevention and treatment as a complement and alternative medicine (CAM) agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyuk Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea.
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Debry JM. La contraception masculine « verte »: mythe ou réalité ? Basic Clin Androl 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-012-0182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
Le refus des solutions « chimiques », souvent jugées suspectes, mène un nombre croissant de contemporains à rechercher une alternative naturelle chaque fois qu’elle existe. Le domaine médical — et en particulier celui qui concerne la reproduction — échappe d’autant moins à cette aspiration qu’il s’y trouve des bases historiques multimillénaires. Il a également des justifications économiques dans tous les pays où l’accès aux médicaments est problématique, sinon illusoire. La contraception masculine n’est pas oubliée dans ce contexte; en particulier dans les pays émergents où la natalité élevée pose un problème de société. Des principes actifs extraits de plantes ont fait — et font encore-l’objet de recherches très circonstanciées. Il existe de bonnes raisons de penser que des solutions existent dans ce registre. Des tests menés in vivo chez l’animal (surtout), mais aussi in vitro sur des spermatozoïdes isolés concluent à l’existence d’effets centraux, périphériques ou spermicides significatifs. Les vertus thérapeutiques souvent multiples des plantes concernées mènent toutefois à rester vigilants pour ne pas associer, en cas d’utilisation systémique, un effet secondaire indésirable à l’effet contraceptif recherché.
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Sultana N. Clinically useful anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle agent, ursolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important natural product. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:616-42. [PMID: 21417964 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.546793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are becoming an important research area for novel and bioactive molecules for drug discovery. Novel therapeutic strategies and agents are urgently needed to treat different incurable diseases. Many plant derived active compounds are in human clinical trials. Currently ursolic acid is in human clinical trial for treating cancer, tumor, and skin wrinkles. This review includes the clinical use of ursolic acid in various diseases including anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle chemotherapies, and the isolation and purification of this tritepernoid from various plants to update current knowledge on the rapid analysis of ursolic acid by using analytical methods. In addition, the chemical modifications of ursolic acid to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, previous and current information regarding, its natural and semisynthetic analogs, focusing on its anticancer, cytotoxic, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, acetyl cholinesterase, α-glucosidase, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities, briefly discussion is attempted here for its research perspectives. This review article contains fourteen medicinally important ursolic acid derivatives and 351 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Bisindole alkaloids and secoiridoids from Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:798-804. [PMID: 21601617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract from stems of a Thai medicinal plant, Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don (Apocynaceae) showed a significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) determined by using Ellman assay. Four compounds i.e., a bisindole alkaloid, macralstonine (1), a new bisindole alkaloid, thungfaine (2), a secoiridoid glycoside, sweroside (3) and a new secoiridoid glycoside, naresuanoside (4) were isolated. Compound 4 showed moderate AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory effects. Interestingly, compound 4 inhibited cell growth on human androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) but no effect on viability of human foreskin fibroblast cells (HF).
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Furtado RA, Rodrigues EP, Araújo FRR, Oliveira WL, Furtado MA, Castro MB, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid suppress preneoplastic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rat colon. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:576-80. [PMID: 18467683 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308317423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds found in plants used in the human diet and in medicinal herbs, in the form of aglycones or as the free acid. These compounds are known for their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antifertility activities. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of UA and OA on the formation of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon of the male Wistar rat. The animals received subcutaneous (sc) injections of DMH (40 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for two weeks to induce ACF. UA, OA and a mixture of UA and OA were administered to the rats five times a week for four weeks by gavage at doses of 25 mg/kg body weight/day each, during and after DMH treatment. All animals were sacrificed in week 5 for the evaluation of ACF. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of ACF in the group treated with the triterpenoid compounds plus DMH when compared to those treated with DMH alone, suggesting that UA and OA suppress the formation of ACF and have a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Furtado
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201 Parque Universitário, Franca-SP, Brazil
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Harat ZN, Sadeghi MR, Sadeghipour HR, Kamalinejad M, Eshraghian MR. Immobilization effect of Ruta graveolens L. on human sperm: a new hope for male contraception. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:36-41. [PMID: 18029123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 09/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Contraceptive plants which were introduced by folk in traditional remedies are investigated worldwide. In this study, the contraceptive effects of Ruta graveolens L., which has been mentioned for male contraceptive in Iranian traditional folk medicine, was experimented on human sperm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different doses of lyophilized aqueous extract of Ruta graveolens L. were added to an amount of fresh semen, containing 10(6) cells in a 1:1 volumic ratio. Motility and viability of cells, DNA status, mitochondrial activity and sperm revival tests were carried out. RESULTS The sperm immobilization effects of the extract appeared immediately in a does-dependent manner and 100% of the sperms became immotile at a concentration of 100mg/ml but other parameters were intact. After washing the sperms, motility was returned in 30.8+/-3.2% of the sperms, besides coiled tails in 38.6+/-5.5% of the treated cells, in comparison to 12.5+/-2.0% of the control group (p=0.001). The part of the extract, responsible for immobilization of the sperms was stable upon boiling. CONCLUSIONS As the cells were alive and immotile, probably some ionic currents are blocked by a thermostable component of the plant which can be promising as a new male channel blocker contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Naghibi Harat
- Department of Physiology, School of of Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Chattopadhyay D, Das S, Mandal AB, Arunachalam G, Bhattacharya SK. Evaluation of analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of Ophiorrhiza nicobarica, an ethnomedicine from Nicobar Islands, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3742/opem.2007.7.4.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ding Z, Qu F, Guo W, Ying X, Wu M, Zhang Y. Identification of sperm forward motility-related proteins in human seminal plasma. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:1124-31. [PMID: 17393427 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma, an amorphous material that exists in semen, contains proteins related to sperm forward motility. Employing affinity chromatography with ConA beads and protein ultrafiltration, we isolated and concentrated proteins from heated human seminal plasma. Results of computer-assisted semen analyses (CASA) demonstrated that the forward motility index of bovine spermatozoa from the epididymal caput, incubated with proteins and theophylline, was significantly different from that of spermatozoa incubated with theophylline alone (P < 0.01). The electrophoreses revealed that the protein bands with high molecular weights in the gel of PAGE changed into low molecular weights in the gel of SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, proteins from a separated portion of the PAGE gel were still able to stimulate spermatozoa from the epididymal caput to gain forward motility. Two-dimensional (2D)-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry indicated that spots focused on the portion seemed, according to their amino acid sequences, to be like human alpha-1-antitrypsin and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) precursors. Western blot analysis showed the presence of these two proteins in seminal plasma. These proteins, related to the forward motility of spermatozoa in human seminal plasma, may play important roles during maturation of spermatozoa, from the epididymis through fertilization in the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhide Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Aparecida Resende F, de Andrade Barcala CAM, da Silva Faria MC, Kato FH, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Antimutagenicity of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid against doxorubicin-induced clastogenesis in Balb/c mice. Life Sci 2006; 79:1268-73. [PMID: 16647723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are triterpenoid compounds found in food, medicinal herbs and various other plants in free form or bound to glycosides. Both substances are known for their antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, we evaluated the antimutagenic potential of UA and OA using the micronucleus test in peripheral blood and bone marrow of Balb/c mice. The animals were divided into 10 treatment groups: mice treated with UA (80 mg/kg b.w.); OA (80 mg/kg b.w.); a mixture of UA and OA (80 mg/kg b.w.); the antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DXR, 90 mg/kg b.w.); DMSO and DXR; UA and DXR; OA and DXR; UA, OA and DXR, and negative and solvent controls. UA, OA and a mixture of UA and OA were administered to the animals by gavage, followed by the intraperitoneal injection of DXR. The results showed a significant reduction in micronucleus frequency in the groups concomitantly treated with the triterpenoid compounds and DXR compared to that treated with DXR alone. The present results demonstrate the antimutagenic activity of UA and OA under the experimental conditions used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chattopadhyay D, Arunachalam G, Mandal AB, Bhattacharya SK. Dose-Dependent Therapeutic Antiinfectives from Ethnomedicines of Bay Islands. Chemotherapy 2006; 52:151-7. [PMID: 16636538 DOI: 10.1159/000092859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The methanol extract of Ophirrhiza nicobarica, Alstonia macrophylla and Mallotus peltatus, ethnomedicines of Little Andaman, were investigated for antiinfective, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. METHODS Toxicity was determined in cells and in an animal model. Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined by plaque reduction, disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities were also studied. RESULTS O. nicobarica at 300 microg ml(-1) showed anti-HSV activity while M. peltatus and A. macrophylla showed antibacterial activity at 64-1,000 microg ml(-1). Both extracts showed significant dose-dependent antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity at nontoxic concentrations. CONCLUSION The alkaloid, flavonoid and beta-sitosterol isolated from bioactive parts had a dose-dependent therapeutic efficacy, justifying their use. Further study is required to know the mechanism of action.
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