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Sjögren E, Andersson S, Sundgren-Andersson AK, Halldin MM, Stålberg O. Assessment of Free Drug Concentration in Cyclodextrin Formulations Is Essential to Determine Drug Potency in Functional In Vitro Assays. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2913-2920. [PMID: 27431012 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CD) have the ability to form inclusion complexes with drugs and can be used as excipients to enhance solubility of poorly soluble drugs. To make accurate estimations of the potency of the drug, knowledge of the free drug concentration is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of calculated free drug concentrations toward response measurements in a transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 cell-based in vitro assay. This included accounting for potential competitive CD binding of 2 transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 active entities: 1 antagonist, and 1 agonist (capsaicin). Solubility of the CD-drug complexes was measured, and the ligand to substrate affinity in CD formulations was determined according to the phase-solubility technique. The total concentration of antagonist, agonist, CD, and the binding constants between ligands and CD were used to calculate the free concentration of CD ligands. For capsaicin and 2 of the 3 investigated model drugs, the calculated free drug concentration was consistent with the experimental in vitro data while it was overestimated for one of the compounds. In conclusion, the suggested approach can be used to calculate free drug concentration and competitive binding in CD formulations for the application of cell-based drug functionality assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BOX 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Sara Andersson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BOX 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus M Halldin
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institute Science Park, Huddinge SE-141 57, Sweden
| | - Olle Stålberg
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad SE-651 88, Sweden.
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2
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Jo A, Jung J, Kim E, Park SB. A high-content screening platform with fluorescent chemical probes for the discovery of first-in-class therapeutics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7433-45. [PMID: 27166145 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening has emerged as a promising approach to discover novel first-in-class therapeutic agents. Rapid advances in phenotypic screening systems facilitate a high-throughput unbiased evaluation of compound libraries. However, limited sets of phenotypic changes are utilized in high-content screening, which require extensive genetic engineering. Therefore, it is critical to develop new chemical probes that can reflect phenotypic changes in any type of cells, especially primary cells, tissues, and organisms. Herein, we introduce our continuous efforts in the development of fluorescent bioprobes and their application to phenotypic screening. In addition, we emphasize the importance of the phenotype-based approach in conjunction with target identification at an early stage of research to accelerate the discovery of therapeutics with new modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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3
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Chen Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Zhao X. A dual-fluorescent whole-well imaging approach for screening active compounds against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity from natural products. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual-fluorescent assay for screening compounds against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- PR China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- College of Preclinical Medicine
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou 310053
- PR China
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4
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Medium to High Throughput Screening: Microfabrication and Chip-Based Technology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 745:181-209. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Lawlor C, O’Sullivan MP, Sivadas N, O’Leary S, Gallagher PJ, Keane J, Cryan SA. The Application of High-Content Analysis in the Study of Targeted Particulate Delivery Systems for Intracellular Drug Delivery to Alveolar Macrophages. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1100-12. [DOI: 10.1021/mp1004178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Lawlor
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Health Science Building, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mary P. O’Sullivan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Health Science Building, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Neera Sivadas
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seonadh O’Leary
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Health Science Building, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Gallagher
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Health Science Building, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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6
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Tan HY, Cheong BHP, Neild A, Liew OW, Ng TW. Absorbance and fluorometric sensing with capillary wells microplates. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:124301. [PMID: 21198036 DOI: 10.1063/1.3509395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Detection and readout from small volume assays in microplates are a challenge. The capillary wells microplate approach [Ng et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 174105 (2008)] offers strong advantages in small liquid volume management. An adapted design is described and shown here to be able to detect, in a nonimaging manner, fluorescence and absorbance assays minus the error often associated with meniscus forming at the air-liquid interface. The presence of bubbles in liquid samples residing in microplate wells can cause inaccuracies. Pipetting errors, if not adequately managed, can result in misleading data and wrong interpretations of assay results; particularly in the context of high throughput screening. We show that the adapted design is also able to detect for bubbles and pipetting errors during actual assay runs to ensure accuracy in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yen Tan
- Laboratory for Optics, Acoustics, and Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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7
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Weghuber J, Brameshuber M, Sunzenauer S, Lehner M, Paar C, Haselgrübler T, Schwarzenbacher M, Kaltenbrunner M, Hesch C, Paster W, Heise B, Sonnleitner A, Stockinger H, Schütz GJ. Detection of protein-protein interactions in the live cell plasma membrane by quantifying prey redistribution upon bait micropatterning. Methods Enzymol 2010; 472:133-51. [PMID: 20580963 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)72012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of complex biological systems is based on high-quality proteomics tools for the parallelized detection and quantification of protein interactions. Current screening platforms, however, rely on measuring protein interactions in rather artificial systems, rendering the results difficult to confer on the in vivo situation. We describe here a detailed protocol for the design and the construction of a system to detect and quantify interactions between a fluorophore-labeled protein ("prey") and a membrane protein ("bait") in living cells. Cells are plated on micropatterned surfaces functionalized with antibodies to the bait exoplasmic domain. Bait-prey interactions are assayed via the redistribution of the fluorescent prey. The method is characterized by high sensitivity down to the level of single molecules, the capability to detect weak interactions, and high throughput, making it applicable as a screening tool. The proof-of-concept is demonstrated for the interaction between CD4, a major coreceptor in T-cell signaling, and Lck, a protein tyrosine kinase essential for early T-cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Weghuber
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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8
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Weghuber J, Sunzenauer S, Brameshuber M, Plochberger B, Hesch C, Schutz GJ. in-vivo detection of protein-protein interactions on micro-patterned surfaces. J Vis Exp 2010:1969. [PMID: 20305612 PMCID: PMC3149983 DOI: 10.3791/1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the interaction network of molecules in-vivo is key to understanding the mechanisms that regulate cell function and metabolism. A multitude of methodological options for addressing molecular interactions in cells have been developed, but most of these methods suffer from being rather indirect and therefore hardly quantitative. On the contrary, a few high-end quantitative approaches were introduced, which however are difficult to extend to high throughput. To combine high throughput capabilities with the possibility to extract quantitative information, we recently developed a new concept for identifying protein-protein interactions (Schwarzenbacher et al., 2008). Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the design and the construction of this system which allows for analyzing interactions between a fluorophore-labeled protein ("prey") and a membrane protein ("bait") in-vivo. Cells are plated on micropatterned surfaces functionalized with antibodies against the bait exoplasmic domain. Bait-prey interactions are assayed via the redistribution of the fluorescent prey. The method is characterized by high sensitivity down to the level of single molecules, the capability to detect weak interactions, and high throughput capability, making it applicable as screening tool.
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Esposito A, Dohm CP, Bähr M, Wouters FS. Unsupervised Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy for High Content and High Throughput Screening. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:1446-54. [PMID: 17510051 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.t700006-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics and cellomics clearly benefit from the molecular insights in cellular biochemical events that can be obtained by advanced quantitative microscopy techniques like fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer imaging. The spectroscopic information detected at the molecular level can be combined with cellular morphological estimators, the analysis of cellular localization, and the identification of molecular or cellular subpopulations. This allows the creation of powerful assays to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying spatiotemporal cellular responses to chemical and physical stimuli. This work demonstrates that the high content offered by these techniques can be combined with the high throughput levels offered by automation of a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope setup capable of unsupervised operation and image analysis. Systems and software dedicated to image cytometry for analysis and sorting represent important emerging tools for the field of proteomics, interactomics, and cellomics. These techniques could soon become readily available both to academia and the drug screening community by the application of new all-solid-state technologies that may results in cost-effective turnkey systems. Here the application of this screening technique to the investigation of intracellular ubiquitination levels of alpha-synuclein and its familial mutations that are causative for Parkinson disease is shown. The finding of statistically lower ubiquitination of the mutant alpha-synuclein forms supports a role for this modification in the mechanism of pathological protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Esposito
- Cell Biophysics Group, European Neuroscience Institute-Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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Rickardson L, Wickström M, Larsson R, Lövborg H. Image-Based Screening for the Identification of Novel Proteasome Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:203-10. [PMID: 17208922 DOI: 10.1177/1087057106297115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a new, interesting target in cancer drug therapy, and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has shown an effect in myeloma patients. It is of interest to efficiently discover and evaluate new proteasome inhibitors. The authors describe the development of an image-based screening assay for the identification of compounds with proteasome-inhibiting activity. The stably transfected human embryo kidney cell line HEK 293 ZsGreen Proteasome Sensor Cell Line expressing the ZsProSensor-1 fusion protein was used for screening and evaluation of proteasome inhibitors. Inhibition of the proteasome leads to accumulation of the green fluorescent protein ZsGreen, which is measured in the ArrayScan® High Content Screening system, in which cell morphology is studied simultaneously. When screening the LOPAC1280 substance library, several compounds with effect on the proteasome were found; among the hits were disulfiram and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC). Cytotoxic analysis of disulfiram and PDTC showed that the compounds induced cytotoxicity in the myeloma cell line RPMI 8226. The average Z' value for the assay was 0.66. The results indicate that the assay rapidly identifies new proteasome-inhibiting substances, and it will be further used as a tool for image-based screening of other chemically diverse compound libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rickardson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chan GKY, Richards GR, Peters M, Simpson PB. High content kinetic assays of neuronal signaling implemented on BD pathway HT. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2006; 3:623-36. [PMID: 16438658 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2005.3.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A great deal of information can be gained from kinetic fluorescence-based measurement of cellular responses; however, until recently the use of such approaches has been limited by the manual nature of the instrumentation available. Higher-throughput kinetic studies of signaling pathways are greatly facilitated by new confocal, liquid handling-enabled, high content screening (HCS) platforms. In the present work, we have implemented one such instrument, the BD(TM) Pathway HT bioimager (BD Biosciences, Rockville, MD), for studying regulation of neuronal signaling pathways. We have established a neuronal calcium oscillation model, whereby rate of oscillation, amplitude of oscillation, and level of synchronicity across the culture can be measured. We have implemented membrane potential measurement using fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based dyes, for single cell characterization on this platform, showing the benefits of a truly flexible excitation and recording system; this dye combination cannot be readily implemented on all HCS platforms because of constraints of excitation wavelengths. We have validated long-term intracellular calcium imaging experiments, using innovative dyes and BD Pathway HT's spinning disk-based confocal excitation. To maximize both throughput and reproducibility, walk-away automation integration of this bioimaging technology has been implemented, producing an affordable, compact platform for fully automated kinetic HCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace K Y Chan
- Automated Imaging & Electrophysiology Group, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Harlow, Essex, UK
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12
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Capelle MAH, Gurny R, Arvinte T. High throughput screening of protein formulation stability: practical considerations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 65:131-48. [PMID: 17107777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of protein drugs is a difficult and time-consuming process, mainly due to the complexity of protein structure and the very specific physical and chemical properties involved. Understanding protein degradation pathways is essential for the success of a biopharmaceutical drug. The present review concerns the application of high throughput screening techniques in protein formulation development. A protein high throughput formulation (HTF) platform is based on the use of microplates. Basically, the HTF platform consists of two parts: (i) sample preparation and (ii) sample analysis. Sample preparation involves automated systems for dispensing the drug and the formulation ingredients in both liquid and powder form. The sample analysis involves specific methods developed for each protein to investigate physical and chemical properties of the formulations in microplates. Examples are presented of the use of protein intrinsic fluorescence for the analysis of protein aqueous properties (e.g., conformation and aggregation). Different techniques suitable for HTF analysis are discussed and some of the issues concerning implementation are presented with reference to the use of microplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinus A H Capelle
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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13
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Schäferling M, Nagl S. Optical technologies for the read out and quality control of DNA and protein microarrays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:500-17. [PMID: 16609845 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Microarray formats have become an important tool for parallel (or multiplexed) monitoring of biomolecular interactions. Surface-immobilized probes like oligonucleotides, cDNA, proteins, or antibodies can be used for the screening of their complementary targets, covering different applications like gene or protein expression profiling, analysis of point mutations, or immunodiagnostics. Numerous reviews have appeared on this topic in recent years, documenting the intriguing progress of these miniaturized assay formats. Most of them highlight all aspects of microarray preparation, surface chemistry, and patterning, and try to give a systematic survey of the different kinds of applications of this new technique. This review places the emphasis on optical technologies for microarray analysis. As the fluorescent read out of microarrays is dominating the field, this topic will be the focus of the review. Basic principles of labeling and signal amplification techniques will be introduced. Recent developments in total internal reflection fluorescence, resonance energy transfer assays, and time-resolved imaging are addressed, as well as non-fluorescent imaging methods. Finally, some label-free detection modes are discussed, such as surface plasmon microscopy or ellipsometry, since these are particularly interesting for microarray development and quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schäferling
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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14
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Abstract
Traditional screening paradigms often focus on single targets. To facilitate drug discovery in the more complex physiological environment of a cell or organism, powerful cellular imaging systems have been developed. The emergence of these detection technologies allows the quantitative analysis of cellular events and visualization of relevant cellular phenotypes. Cellular imaging facilitates the integration of complex biology into the screening process, and addresses both high-content and high-throughput needs. This review describes how cellular imaging technologies contribute to the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lang
- Department of Molecular Screening & Cellular Pharmacology, Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 14 chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Simpson
- Automated Imaging and Electrophysiology Group, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK.
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