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Basuli F, Shi J, Lindberg E, Fayn S, Lee W, Ho M, Hammoud DA, Cheloha RW, Swenson RE, Escorcia FE. Sortase-Mediated Site-Specific Conjugation to Prepare Fluorine-18-Labeled Nanobodies. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1335-1342. [PMID: 39172920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies, or nanobodies (Nbs), are promising biomolecules for use in molecular imaging due to their excellent affinity, specificity, and fast clearance from the blood. Given their short blood half-life, pairing Nbs with short-lived imaging radioisotopes is desirable. Because fluorine-18 (18F) is routinely used for clinical imaging, it is an attractive radioisotope for Nbs. We report a novel sortase-based, site-specific 18F-labeling method applied to three nanobodies. Labeled nanobodies were synthesized either by a two-step indirect radiolabeling method in one pot or by a one-step direct labeling method using a sortase-mediated conjugation of either the radiolabeled chelator (H-GGGK((±)-Al[18F]FH3RESCA)-NH2) or the unlabeled chelator (H-GGGK((±)-H3RESCA)-NH2) followed by labeling with Al[18F]F, respectively. The overall radiochemical yields were 15-43% (n = 22, decay-corrected) in 70 min (indirect labeling) and 23-58% (n = 12, decay-corrected) in 50 min (direct labeling). The radiochemical purities of the labeled nanobodies prepared by both methods were >98% with a specific activity of 400-600 Ci/mmol (n = 22) for each of the three Nbs tested and exhibited excellent stability profiles under physiological conditions. This simple, site-specific, reproducible, and generalizable 18F-labeling method to prepare nanobodies (Nb-Al[18F]F-RESCA) or other low molecular weight biomolecules can easily be adopted in various settings for preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-0001, United States
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-0001, United States
| | - Eric Lindberg
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-0001, United States
| | - Stanley Fayn
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (CC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ross W Cheloha
- Chemical Biology in Signaling Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-0001, United States
| | - Freddy E Escorcia
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Ge S, Wang C, You X, He H, Zhang B, Jia T, Cai X, Sang S, Xu T, Deng S. Imaging and Monitoring HER2 Expression in Tumors during HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Therapy Utilizing a Radiolabeled Site-Specific Single-Domain Antibody Probe: 68Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39077778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression of HER2 is pivotal in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Developing HER2-targeted radiotracers is crucial for noninvasive assessment of HER2 expression, patient selection for HER2-targeted therapy, monitoring treatment response, and identifying resistance. Here, we reported a nonsite-specific coupled radiotracer, 68Ga-NOTA-SNA004-His6, and a site-specific coupled radiotracer, 68Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC, based on a novel HER2 nanobody, SNA004. Both radiotracers exhibited high affinity, specific targeting, and rapid clearance in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, these tracers and trastuzumab showed noncompetitive binding to HER2. Compared to 68Ga-NOTA-SNA004-His6, 68Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC demonstrated significantly reduced renal and liver uptake. PET/CT imaging with 68Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC sensitively detected the responsiveness of various tumor models to trastuzumab and its antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Overall, the site-specific coupled radiotracer 68Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC offered significant advantages in biodistribution and signal-to-noise ratio, making it a valuable tool for monitoring HER2 expression levels before, during, and after trastuzumab and ADC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621099, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Smart-Nuclide Biotech, No. 218 Xing-Hu Road, Suzhou, 215125, China
| | - Xuyang You
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huihui He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tongtong Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
| | - Shibiao Sang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Smart-Nuclide Biotech, No. 218 Xing-Hu Road, Suzhou, 215125, China
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621099, China
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Rahimian A, Nabati A, Askari H, Saffarioun M, Aminian M. Design and construction of a phage-displayed Camelid nanobody library using a simple bioinformatics method. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 219:106485. [PMID: 38642863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rational design of synthetic phage-displayed libraries requires the identification of the most appropriate positions for randomization using defined amino acid sets to recapitulate the natural occurrence. The present study uses position-specific scoring matrixes (PSSMs) for identifying and randomizing Camelidae nanobody (VHH) CDR3. The functionality of a synthetic VHH repertoire designed by this method was tested for discovering new VHH binders to recombinant coagulation factor VII (rfVII). METHODS Based on PSSM analysis, the CDR3 of cAbBCII10 VHH framework was identified, and a set of amino acids for the substitution of each PSSM-CDR3 position was defined. Using the Rosetta design SwiftLib tool, the final repertoire was back-translated to a degenerate nucleotide sequence. A synthetic phage-displayed library was constructed based on this repertoire and screened for anti-rfVII binders. RESULTS A synthetic phage-displayed VHH library with 1 × 108 variants was constructed. Three VHH binders to rfVII were isolated from this library with estimated dissociation constants (KD) of 1 × 10-8 M, 5.8 × 10-8 M and 2.6 × 10-7 M. CONCLUSION PSSM analysis is a simple and efficient way to design synthetic phage-displayed libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Rahimian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Askari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Aminian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Huynh TT, Feng Y, Meshaw R, Zhao XG, Rosenfeld L, Vaidyanathan G, Papo N, Zalutsky MR. PSMA-reactive NB7 single domain antibody fragment: A potential scaffold for developing prostate cancer theranostics. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 134-135:108913. [PMID: 38703588 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Single domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are an appealing scaffold for radiopharmaceutical development due to their small size (~15 kDa), high solubility, high stability, and excellent tumor penetration. Previously, we developed NB7 sdAb, which has very high affinity for an epitope on PSMA that is different from those targeted by small molecule PSMA inhibitors. Herein, we evaluated NB7 after radioiodination using [*I]SGMIB (1,3,4-isomer) and iso-[*I]SGMIB (1,3,5-isomer), as well as their 211At-labeled analogues. METHODS [*I]SGMIB, iso-[*I]SGMIB, [211At]SAGMB, and iso-[211At]SAGMB conjugates of NB7 sdAb were synthesized and their binding affinity, cell uptake and internalization were assessed in PSMA+ PC3 PIP and PSMA- PC3 flu cells. Biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing PSMA+ PC3 PIP xenografts. First, a single-label experiment evaluated the tissue distribution of a NB7 bearing a His6-tag (NB7H6) and labeled with iso-[125I]SGMIB. Three paired-label experiments then were performed to compare: a) NB7 labeled using [*I]SGMIB and iso-[*I]SGMIB, b) 131I- vs 211At-labeled NB7 conjugates and c) [125I]SGMIB-NB7H6 to the small molecule PSMA inhibitor [131I]YF2. RESULTS All NB7 radioconjugates bound specifically to PSMA with dissociation constants, Kd, in the low nM range (1.4-6.4 nM). An initial biodistribution study demonstrated good tumor uptake for iso-[125I]SGMIB-NB7H6 (7.2 ± 1.5 % ID/g at 1 h) and no deleterious effect of the His6-tag on renal activity levels, which declined to 3.1 ± 1.1 % ID/g by 4 h. Paired-label biodistribution found no distinction between the two SGMIB isomer NB7 conjugates with the [131I]SGMIB-NB7-to-iso-[125I]SGMIB-NB7 tumor uptake ratios not significantly different from unity: 1.06 ± 0.08 at 1 h, 1.04 ± 0.12 at 4 h, and 1.07 ± 0.09 at 24 h. Both isomer conjugates cleared rapidly from normal tissues and exhibited very low uptake in thyroid, lacrimal and salivary glands. Paired-label biodistribution of [131I]SGMIB-NB7H6 and [211At]SAGMB-NB7H6 demonstrated similar tumor uptake and kidney clearance for the two radioconjugates. However, levels of 211At in thyroid, stomach, salivary and lacrimal glands were significantly higher (P < 0.05) that those for 131I suggesting greater dehalogenation for [211At]SAGMB-NB7H6. Finally, co-administration of [125I]SGMIB-NB7H6 and [131I]YF2 demonstrated good tumor uptake for both with considerably more rapid renal clearance for the NB7 radioconjugate. CONCLUSION NB7 radioconjugates exhibited good accumulation in PSMA-positive xenografts with rapid clearance from kidney and other normal tissues. We conclude that NB7 is a potentially useful scaffold for developing PSMA-targeted theranostics with different characteristics than current small molecule and antibody-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niv Papo
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Alkhamis O, Canoura J, Wang L, Xiao Y. Nuclease-assisted selection of slow-off rate aptamers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3426. [PMID: 38865469 PMCID: PMC11168469 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Conventional directed evolution methods offer the ability to select bioreceptors with high binding affinity for a specific target in terms of thermodynamic properties. However, there is a lack of analogous approaches for kinetic selection, which could yield affinity reagents that exhibit slow off-rates and thus remain tightly bound to targets for extended periods. Here, we describe an in vitro directed evolution methodology that uses the nuclease flap endonuclease 1 to achieve the efficient discovery of aptamers that have slow dissociation rates. Our nuclease-assisted selection strategy can yield specific aptamers for both small molecules and proteins with off-rates that are an order of magnitude slower relative to those obtained with conventional selection methods while still retaining excellent overall target affinity in terms of thermodynamics. This new methodology provides a generalizable approach for generating slow off-rate aptamers for diverse targets, which could, in turn, prove valuable for applications including molecular devices, bioimaging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Juan Canoura
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Abdolvahab MH, Karimi P, Mohajeri N, Abedini M, Zare H. Targeted drug delivery using nanobodies to deliver effective molecules to breast cancer cells: the most attractive application of nanobodies. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:67. [PMID: 38341580 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is one of the attractive ways in which cancer treatment can significantly reduce side effects. In the last two decades, the use of antibodies as a tool for accurate detection of cancer has been noted. On the other hand, the binding of drugs and carriers containing drugs to the specific antibodies of cancer cells can specifically target only these cells. However, the use of whole antibodies brings challenges, including their large size, the complexity of conjugation, the high cost of production, and the creation of immunogenic reactions in the body. The use of nanobodies, or VHHs, which are a small part of camel heavy chain antibodies, is very popular due to their small size, high craftsmanship, and low production cost. In this article, in addition to a brief overview of the structure and characteristics of nanobodies, the use of this molecule in the targeted drug delivery of breast cancer has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Karimi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mohajeri
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abedini
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Zare
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Cong Y, Devoogdt N, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Yaromina A. Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches Based on VHHs for Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38254860 PMCID: PMC10814765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the distinctive structure of heavy chain-only antibodies in species belonging to the Camelidae family has elicited significant interest in their variable antigen binding domain (VHH) and gained attention for various applications, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an overview of the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of VHHs as compared to conventional antibodies, and their usage in diverse applications. The singular properties of VHHs are explained, and several strategies that can augment their utility are outlined. The preclinical studies illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of distinct VHHs in diverse formats against solid cancers are summarized, and an overview of the clinical trials assessing VHH-based agents in oncology is provided. These investigations demonstrate the enormous potential of VHHs for medical research and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cong
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group (MITH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
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Jumapili NA, Zivalj M, Barthelmess RM, Raes G, De Groof TWM, Devoogdt N, Stijlemans B, Vincke C, Van Ginderachter JA. A few good reasons to use nanobodies for cancer treatment. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250024. [PMID: 37366246 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
mAbs have been instrumental for targeted cancer therapies. However, their relatively large size and physicochemical properties result in a heterogenous distribution in the tumor microenvironment, usually restricted to the first cell layers surrounding blood vessels, and a limited ability to penetrate the brain. Nanobodies are tenfold smaller, resulting in a deeper tumor penetration and the ability to reach cells in poorly perfused tumor areas. Nanobodies are rapidly cleared from the circulation, which generates a fast target-to-background contrast that is ideally suited for molecular imaging purposes but may be less optimal for therapy. To circumvent this problem, nanobodies have been formatted to noncovalently bind albumin, increasing their serum half-life without majorly increasing their size. Finally, nanobodies have shown superior qualities to infiltrate brain tumors as compared to mAbs. In this review, we discuss why these features make nanobodies prime candidates for targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Ahishakiye Jumapili
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maida Zivalj
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romina Mora Barthelmess
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Stijlemans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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Nishiyama R, Furuya K, McCann P, Kacenauskaite L, Laursen BW, Flood AH, Hiramatsu K, Goda K. Boosting the Brightness of Raman Tags Using Cyanostar Macrocycles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12835-12841. [PMID: 37589955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Raman probes have received growing attention for their potential use in super-multiplex biological imaging and flow cytometry applications that cannot be achieved using fluorescent probes. However, obtaining strong Raman scattering signals from small Raman probes has posed a challenge that holds back their practical implementation. Here, we present new types of Raman-active nanoparticles (Rdots) that incorporate ionophore macrocycles, known as cyanostars, to act as ion-driven and structure-directing spacers to address this problem. These macrocycle-enhanced Rdots (MERdots) exhibit sharper and higher electronic absorption peaks than Rdots. When combined with resonant broadband time-domain Raman spectroscopy, these MERdots show a ∼3-fold increase in Raman intensity compared to conventional Rdots under the same particle concentration. Additionally, the detection limit on the concentration of MERdots is improved by a factor of 2.5 compared to that of Rdots and a factor of 430 compared to that of Raman dye molecules in solution. The compact size of MERdots (26 nm in diameter) and their increased Raman signal intensity, along with the broadband capabilities of time-domain resonant Raman spectroscopy, make them promising candidates for a wide range of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nishiyama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Furuya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Phillip McCann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kotaro Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for Spectrochemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
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10
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Hurley K, Cao M, Huang H, Wang Y. Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) with Single-Domain Antibodies (Nanobodies). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3493. [PMID: 37444603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent threat of cancer necessitates the development of improved and more efficient therapeutic strategies that limit damage to healthy tissues. Targeted alpha therapy (TαT), a novel form of radioimmuno-therapy (RIT), utilizes a targeting vehicle, commonly antibodies, to deliver high-energy, but short-range, alpha-emitting particles specifically to cancer cells, thereby reducing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Although full-length antibodies are often employed as targeting vehicles for TαT, their high molecular weight and the presence of an Fc-region lead to a long blood half-life, increased bone marrow toxicity, and accumulation in other tissues such as the kidney, liver, and spleen. The discovery of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), or nanobodies, naturally occurring in camelids and sharks, has introduced a novel antigen-specific vehicle for molecular imaging and TαT. Given that nanobodies are the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding fragments, they exhibit shorter relative blood half-lives, enhanced tumor uptake, and equivalent or superior binding affinity and specificity. Nanobody technology could provide a viable solution for the off-target toxicity observed with full-length antibody-based TαT. Notably, the pharmacokinetic properties of nanobodies align better with the decay characteristics of many short-lived α-emitting radionuclides. This review aims to encapsulate recent advancements in the use of nanobodies as a vehicle for TαT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hurley
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Meiyun Cao
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Haiming Huang
- Research Center, Forlong Biotechnology Inc., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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De Pauw T, De Mey L, Debacker JM, Raes G, Van Ginderachter JA, De Groof TWM, Devoogdt N. Current status and future expectations of nanobodies in oncology trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:705-721. [PMID: 37638538 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2249814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized personalized medicine for cancer in recent decades. Despite their broad application in oncology, their large size and complexity may interfere with successful tumor targeting for certain applications of cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanobodies have unique structural and pharmacological features compared to monoclonal antibodies and have successfully been used as complementary anti-cancer diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools. AREAS COVERED Here, an overview is given of the nanobody-based diagnostics and therapeutics that have been or are currently being tested in oncological clinical trials. Furthermore, preclinical developments, which are likely to be translated into the clinic in the near future, are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Overall, the presented studies show the application potential of nanobodies in the field of oncology, making it likely that more nanobodies will be clinically approved in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa De Pauw
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynn De Mey
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jens M Debacker
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Qin X, Guo X, Liu T, Li L, Zhou N, Ma X, Meng X, Liu J, Zhu H, Jia B, Yang Z. High in-vivo stability in preclinical and first-in-human experiments with [ 18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213: a 18F-labeled nanobody as PET radiotracer for diagnosis of HER2-positive cancers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:302-313. [PMID: 36129493 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE [18F]AlF-RESCA was introduced as a core particularly useful for 18F-labeling of heat-sensitive biomolecules. However, no translational studies have been reported up to now. Herein, we reported the first-in-human evaluation of an 18F-labeled anti-HER2 nanobody MIRC213 as a PET radiotracer for imaging HER2-positive cancers. METHODS MIRC213 was produced by E. coli and conjugated with ( ±)-H3RESCA-Mal. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 was prepared at room temperature. Its radiochemical purity and stability of were determined by radio-HPLC with the size-exclusion chromatographic column. Cell uptake was performed in NCI-N87 (HER2 +) and MCF-7 (HER2-) cells and the cell-binding affinity was verified in SK-OV-3 (HER2 +) cells. Small-animal PET/CT was performed using SK-OV-3, NCI-N87, and MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice at 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h post-injection. For blocking experiment, excess MIRC213 was co-injected with radiotracer. Biodistribution were performed on SKOV-3 and MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice at 2 h post-injection. For clinical study, PET/CT images were acquired at 2 h and 4 h after injection of [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 (1.85-3.7 MBq/kg) in six breast cancer patients (3 HER2-positive and 3 HER2-negative). All patients underwent [18F]-FDG PET/CT within a week for tissue selection purpose. Distribution and dosimetry were calculated. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured in tumors and normal organs. RESULTS MIRC213 was produced with > 95% purity and modified with RESCA to obtain RESCA-MIRC213. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 was prepared within 20 min at room temperature with the radiochemical yield of 50.48 ± 7.6% and radiochemical purity of > 98% (n > 10), and remained stable in both PBS (88%) and 5% HSA (92%) after 6 h. The 2 h cellular uptake of [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 in NCI-N87 cells was 11.22 ± 0.60 AD%/105 cells. Its binding affinity Kd value was determined to be 1.23 ± 0.58 nM. Small-animal PET/CT with [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 can clearly differentiate SK-OV-3 and NCI-N87 tumors from MCF-7 tumors and background with a high uptake of 4.73 ± 1.18 ID%/g and substantially reduced to 1.70 ± 0.13 ID%/g for the blocking group (p < 0.05) in SK-OV-3 tumors at 2 h post-injection. No significant bone radioactivity was seen in the tumor-bearing animals. In all six breast cancer patients, there was no adverse reaction during study. The uptake of [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 was mainly in lacrimal gland, parotid gland, submandibular gland, thyroid gland, gallbladder, kidneys, liver, and intestines. There was no significant bone radioactivity accumulation in cancer patients. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 had significantly higher tumor uptake in lesions from HER2-positive patients than that lesions from HER2-negative patients (SUVmax of 3.62 ± 1.56 vs. 1.41 ± 0.41, p = 0.0012) at 2 h post-injection. The kidneys received the highest radiation dose of 2.42 × 10-1 mGy/MBq, and the effective dose was 1.56 × 10-2 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 could be prepared with high radiolabeling yield under mild conditions. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 has relatively high stability both in vitro and in vivo. The results from clinical transformation suggest that [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 PET/CT is a safe procedure with favorable pharmacokinetics and dosimetry profile, and it is a promising new PET radiotracer for noninvasive diagnosis of HER2-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Nina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaopan Ma
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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13
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Altunay B, Goedicke A, Winz OH, Hertel F, von Mallek D, Meszaros LK, Chand G, Biersack HJ, Stickeler E, Krauss K, Mottaghy FM. 99mTc‑labeled single-domain antibody for SPECT/CT assessment of HER2 expression in diverse cancer types. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1005-1013. [PMID: 36482076 PMCID: PMC9931776 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The expression status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in cancer predicts response to HER2-targeted therapy. Therefore, its accurate determination is of utmost importance. In recent years, there has been an increase in research on noninvasive techniques for molecular imaging, as this method offers the advantages of a more accurate determination of HER2 status without the need for multiple biopsies. The technetium-labeled single-domain antibody RAD201, previously known as 99mTc-NM-02, has been shown to be safe for use in breast cancer imaging with reasonable radiation doses, favorable biodistribution, and imaging characteristics. METHODS A total of six HER2-positive, heavily pretreated patients with different cancer types aged between 42 and 69 years (5 women and 1 man; the median age of 55.5) have been examined. In six of seven scans, the patients were administered 500 ml of Gelofusine® solution (40 mg/ml) for radiation protection before the tracer injection (434 ± 42 MBq). Planar scans were acquired with the patient supine at 10 min, 60 min, 160 min, 20 h, and 24 h after injection. A CT scan was acquired at 95 min, followed by local tomographic SPECT imaging. RESULTS One patient was scanned twice with RAD201, 3 months apart, resulting in a total of seven scans for six patients. Here, we show that the use of RAD201 in our patient group shows the same favorable biodistribution as in a previous study with RAD201 (NCT04040686) and that the radiation dose to the critical organ kidney can be reduced by the application of the plasma expander Gelofusine® by almost 50%. CONCLUSION RAD201 appears safe for use in humans and is a promising noninvasive tool for discriminating HER2 status in metastatic (breast) cancer, regardless of ongoing HER2-targeted antibody treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Altunay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Goedicke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver H Winz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Hertel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk von Mallek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Levente K Meszaros
- Nanomab Technology (UK) Ltd., 720 Centennial Court, Centennial Park, Elstree , WD6 3SY, Hertfordshire, UK
- Radiopharm Theranostics Ltd, 62 Lygon Street, Carlton South, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Gitasha Chand
- Nanomab Technology (UK) Ltd., 720 Centennial Court, Centennial Park, Elstree , WD6 3SY, Hertfordshire, UK
- Radiopharm Theranostics Ltd, 62 Lygon Street, Carlton South, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Hans-Jürgen Biersack
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Krauss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P. Debeylaan 25, 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Navarro-Compán V, Ermann J, Poddubnyy D. A glance into the future of diagnosis and treatment of spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221111611. [PMID: 35898564 PMCID: PMC9310200 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have seen major developments in the field of spondyloarthritis (SpA), but there are still important unmet needs to address. In the future, we envisage important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of SpA. In the diagnosis of SpA, the use of online and social media tools will increase awareness of the disease and facilitate the referral of patients to rheumatology clinics. In addition, more specific diagnostic tests will be available, especially advanced imaging methods and new biomarkers. This will allow most patients to be diagnosed at an early stage of the disease. In the treatment of SpA, an increasing number of novel treatment targets can be expected, most of which will be directed against intracellular enzymes. We hope to see more strategy trials shaping treatment pathways in SpA and accommodating principals of precision medicine. Approved treatment options will be available for both axial and peripheral SpA. We also hope to intervene not only at the inflammation level but also at the level of underlying immunological processes that might be associated with a higher probability of long-standing remission if not a cure. Finally, artificial intelligence techniques will allow for the analysis of large-scale data to answer relevant research questions for the diagnosis and management of patients with SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and
Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology
and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité –
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin 12203,
Germany
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research
Centre, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Matsuzaki Y, Kajiwara K, Aoki W, Ueda M. Production of Single-Domain Antibodies in Pichia pastoris. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2446:181-203. [PMID: 35157274 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2075-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are binders that consist of a single immunoglobulin domain. SdAbs have gained importance as therapeutics, diagnostic reagents, and research tools. Functional sdAbs are commonly produced in Escherichia coli, which is a simple and widely used host for production of recombinant proteins. However, there are drawbacks of the E. coli expression system, including the potential for misfolded recombinant proteins and pyrogenic contamination with toxic lipopolysaccharides. Pichia pastoris is an alternative host for the production of heterologous proteins because of its high recombinant protein yields and the ability to produce soluble, properly folded proteins without lipopolysaccharide contamination. Here, we describe a method to produce sdAbs in P. pastoris. We present methods for the cloning of sdAb-encoding genes into a P. pastoris expression vector, production and purification of sdAbs, and measurement of sdAb-binding kinetics. Functional sdAbs are easily and routinely obtained using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Matsuzaki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaho Kajiwara
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Pan R, Li G, Liu S, Zhang X, Liu J, Su Z, Wu Y. Emerging nanolabels-based immunoassays: Principle and applications in food safety. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Rothlauf PW, Li Z, Pishesha N, Xie YJ, Woodham AW, Bousbaine D, Kolifrath SC, Verschoor VL, Ploegh HL. Noninvasive Immuno-PET Imaging of CD8 + T Cell Behavior in Influenza A Virus-Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777739. [PMID: 34804069 PMCID: PMC8595544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immuno-PET) is a noninvasive imaging method that enables tracking of immune cells in living animals. We used a nanobody that recognizes mouse CD8α and labeled it with 89Zr to image mouse CD8+ T cells in the course of an infection with influenza A virus (IAV). The CD8+ signal showed a strong increase in the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and thymus as early as 4 days post-infection (dpi), and as early as 6 dpi in the lungs. Over the course of the infection, CD8+ T cells were at first distributed diffusely throughout the lungs and then accumulated more selectively in specific regions of the lungs. These distributions correlated with morbidity as mice reached the peak of weight loss over this interval. CD8+ T cells obtained from control or IAV-infected mice showed a difference in their distribution and migration when comparing their fate upon labeling ex vivo with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8α nanobody and transfer into infected versus control animals. CD8+ T cells from infected mice, upon transfer, appear to be trained to persist in the lungs, even of uninfected mice. Immuno-PET imaging thus allows noninvasive, dynamic monitoring of the immune response to infectious agents in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Rothlauf
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zeyang Li
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yushu Joy Xie
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew W Woodham
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Djenet Bousbaine
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen C Kolifrath
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent L Verschoor
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Pillay TS, Muyldermans S. Application of Single-Domain Antibodies ("Nanobodies") to Laboratory Diagnosis. Ann Lab Med 2021; 41:549-558. [PMID: 34108282 PMCID: PMC8203438 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.6.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have proven to be central in the development of diagnostic methods over decades, moving from polyclonal antibodies to the milestone development of monoclonal antibodies. Although monoclonal antibodies play a valuable role in diagnosis, their production is technically demanding and can be expensive. The large size of monoclonal antibodies (150 kDa) makes their re-engineering using recombinant methods a challenge. Single-domain antibodies, such as “nanobodies,” are a relatively new class of diagnostic probes that originated serendipitously during the assay of camel serum. The immune system of the camelid family (camels, llamas, and alpacas) has evolved uniquely to produce heavy-chain antibodies that contain a single monomeric variable antibody domain in a smaller functional unit of 12–15 kDa. Interestingly, the same biological phenomenon is observed in sharks. Since a single-domain antibody molecule is smaller than a conventional mammalian antibody, recombinant engineering and protein expression in vitro using bacterial production systems are much simpler. The entire gene encoding such an antibody can be cloned and expressed in vitro. Single-domain antibodies are very stable and heat-resistant, and hence do not require cold storage, especially when incorporated into a diagnostic kit. Their simple genetic structure allows easy re-engineering of the protein to introduce new antigen-binding characteristics or attach labels. Here, we review the applications of single-domain antibodies in laboratory diagnosis and discuss the future potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir S Pillay
- Department of Chemical Pathology and NHLS- Tshwane Academic Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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19
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Gao H, Wu Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu T, Hu B, Jia B, Wan Y, Liu Z, Wang F. Nuclear imaging-guided PD-L1 blockade therapy increases effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001156. [PMID: 33203663 PMCID: PMC7674096 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Strategies to improve the responsiveness of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade therapy remain an essential topic in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we developed a new radiolabeled nanobody-based imaging probe 99mTc-MY1523 targeting PD-L1 for the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy by the guidance of 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT imaging. Methods The binding affinity and specificity of nanobody MY1523 were measured in vitro. MY1523 was radiolabeled with 99mTc by a site-specific transpeptidation of Sortase-A, and the biodistribution and single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT were performed in mice bearing different tumors. We used interferon-γ (IFN-γ) as an intervention means to establish animal models with different levels of PD-L1 expression, then investigated the ability of 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT for the in vivo non-invasive measurement of PD-L1 expression in tumors. Finally, the PD-L1 blockade immunotherapies guided by 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT were carried out in MC-38, A20, and 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse models, followed by the testing of tumor infiltration T cells. Results MY1523 exhibited a high binding affinity and specificity to PD-L1 and had no competitive binding with the therapeutic antibody. 99mTc-MY1523 was prepared with high specific activity and radiochemical purity. It was found that tumor PD-L1 expression was dynamically upregulated by IFN-γ intervention in MC-38, A20, and 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse models, as indicated by 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT. The PD-L1 blockade therapy initiated during the therapeutic time window determined by 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT imaging significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy in all animal models, while the tumor growth was effectively suppressed, and the survival time of mice was evidently prolonged. A correlation between dynamically upregulated PD-L1 expression and improved PD-L1 blockade therapy effectiveness was revealed, and the markedly increased infiltration of effector T cells into tumors was verified after the imaging-guided therapy. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT allowed a real-time, quantitative and dynamic mapping of PD-L1 expression in vivo, and the imaging-guided PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy. This strategy merits translation into clinical practice for the better management of combination therapies with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannan Gao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China .,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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20
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Huizing FJ, Hoeben BAW, Lok J, Boerman OC, Heskamp S, Bussink J. Imaging carbonic anhydrase IX as a method for monitoring hypoxia-related radioresistance in preclinical head and neck cancer models. PHYSICS & IMAGING IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2021; 19:145-150. [PMID: 34485720 PMCID: PMC8397885 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Tumor hypoxia is an important cause of radioresistance and is associated with poor outcome. SPECT (Single-photon emission computed tomography) imaging enables visualizing tumor characteristics. We investigated the SPECT-radiotracer [111In]-girentuximab-F(ab’)2 to image Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX), an enzyme upregulated under hypoxic conditions. Materials and methods Athymic mice with subcutaneous FaDu or SCCNij202 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenografts were treated with atovaquone or were housed in a hypoxic chamber (8% O2). Next, [111In]-girentuximab-F(ab’)2 was injected and 24 h later mice were euthanized for ex vivo biodistribution, autoradiography of the tumor, and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor. Tumor sections were analyzed for hypoxia, CAIX expression, vessels, and perfusion. Also, the effect of atovaquone on microSPECT scans was determined in the FaDu model. Results Atovaquone decreased CAIX expression by 69% (p = 0.017) compared with control tumors in FaDu, while in the SCCNij202 tumors no difference was observed. Hypoxic breathing did not increase CAIX expression or hypoxia staining in either tumor model, but did affect the necrotic tumor fraction. Ex vivo tracer uptake in the atovaquone treated group did not differ significantly from the control group, despite the difference in CAIX expression. Furthermore, SPECT imaging with [111In]-girentuximab-F(ab’)2 did not discriminate atovaquone-treated versus control tumors. Conclusion Atovaquone decreased CAIX expression only in the FaDu tumor model. [111In]-girentuximab-F(ab’)2 specifically targets CAIX-expressing areas in HNSCC xenografts, but differences in vessel density and necrosis most likely affected tracer uptake in the tumors and therefore complicated quantification of changes in CAIX expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokko J Huizing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca A W Hoeben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Lok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Sehrawat S, Kaur M. Galectin-3 as a modifier of anti-microbial immunity: Unraveling the unknowns. Glycobiology 2021; 30:418-426. [PMID: 31985798 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins play diverse roles in pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancers. Galectin-3 is one of the most studied family member and the only chimeric type lectin. Many aspects of its biogenesis, range of activities, and the disease-modifying potential particularly during microbial infections are yet to be known. We review our current understanding of these issues and also highlight gaps in better defining the immune modulatory potential of galectin-3 during different stages of host responsiveness when an infection sets in. Additionally, we discuss commonly used strategies to disrupt galectin-3 functions both extracellulalry and intracellularly. Existing and improved novel strategies could help fine-tune immune responses to achieve better prognosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Sehrawat
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar Knowledge City, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306 India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar Knowledge City, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306 India
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22
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Wanner N, Eden T, Liaukouskaya N, Koch-Nolte F. Nanobodies: new avenue to treat kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:445-456. [PMID: 34131806 PMCID: PMC8205650 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for renal diseases are limited, and the search for disease-specific treatments is ongoing. Nanobodies, single-domain antibodies with many advantages over conventional antibodies, provide flexible, easy-to-format biologicals with many possible applications. Here, we discuss the potential use of nanobodies for renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eden
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nastassia Liaukouskaya
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Altunay B, Morgenroth A, Beheshti M, Vogg A, Wong NCL, Ting HH, Biersack HJ, Stickeler E, Mottaghy FM. HER2-directed antibodies, affibodies and nanobodies as drug-delivery vehicles in breast cancer with a specific focus on radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoimaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1371-1389. [PMID: 33179151 PMCID: PMC8113197 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present paper is to review the role of HER2 antibodies, affibodies and nanobodies as vehicles for imaging and therapy approaches in breast cancer, including a detailed look at recent clinical data from antibody drug conjugates and nanobodies as well as affibodies that are currently under development. RESULTS Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that the use of monoclonal antibodies in molecular imaging is impaired by slow blood clearance, associated with slow and low tumor uptake and with limited tumor penetration potential. Antibody fragments, such as nanobodies, on the other hand, can be radiolabelled with short-lived radioisotopes and provide high-contrast images within a few hours after injection, allowing early diagnosis and reduced radiation exposure of patients. Even in therapy, the small radioactively labeled nanobodies prove to be superior to radioactively labeled monoclonal antibodies due to their higher specificity and their ability to penetrate the tumor. CONCLUSION While monoclonal antibodies are well established drug delivery vehicles, the current literature on molecular imaging supports the notion that antibody fragments, such as affibodies or nanobodies, might be superior in this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Altunay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Molecular PET-Imaging and Theranostics , Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Andreas Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Hong Hoi Ting
- Nanomab Technology Limited, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Elmar Stickeler
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Baudhuin H, Puttemans J, Hanssens H, Vanwolleghem P, Hernot S, Raes G, Xavier C, Lahoutte T, Debie P. Decorating sdAbs with Chelators: Effect of Conjugation on Biodistribution and Functionality. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050407. [PMID: 33923088 PMCID: PMC8146233 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) have proven to be valuable probes for molecular imaging. In order to produce such probes, one strategy is the functionalization of the reactive amine side chain of lysines with a chelator, resulting in a mixture of compounds with a different degree of conjugation. In this study, we implemented anion exchange chromatography (AEX) to separate the different compounds or fractions that were further characterized and evaluated to study the impact of the conjugation degree on pharmacokinetic properties and functionality. Anti-HER2 and anti-MMR sdAbs were functionalized with NOTA or DTPA chelator. Anion exchange chromatography was performed using 0.02 mol/L Tris pH 7.5 as the first solvent and 0.25 M or 0.4 M NaCl (in case of NOTA chelator or DTPA chelator, respectively) as the second solvent applied as a gradient. The fractions were characterized via mass spectrometry (MS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis (IEF), while in vivo studies were performed after radiolabeling with either 68Ga (NOTA) or 111In (DTPA) to assess the impact of the conjugation degree on pharmacokinetics. AEX could successfully be applied to separate fractions of (chelator)n-anti-HER2 and (chelator)n-anti-MMR sdAb constructs. MS confirmed the identity of different peaks obtained in the separation process. SPR measurement suggests a small loss of affinity for (chelator)3-anti-sdAb, while IEF revealed a correlated decrease in isoelectric point (pI) with the number of conjugated chelators. Interestingly, both the reduction in affinity and in pI was stronger with the DTPA chelator than with NOTA for both sdAbs. In vivo data showed no significant differences in organ uptake for any construct, except for (DTPA)n-anti-MMR, which showed a significantly higher liver uptake for (DTPA)1-anti-MMR compared to (DTPA)2-anti-MMR and (DTPA)3-anti-MMR. For all constructs in general, high kidney uptake was observed, due to the typical renal clearance of sdAb-based tracers. The kidney uptake showed significant differences between fractions of a same construct and indicates that a higher conjugation degree improves kidney clearance. AEX allows the separation of sdAbs with a different degree of conjugation and provides the opportunity to further characterize individual fractions. The conjugation of a chelator to sdAbs can alter some properties of the tracers, such as pI; however, the impact on the general biodistribution profile and tumor targeting was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Baudhuin
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-477-49-91
| | - Janik Puttemans
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Heleen Hanssens
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Vanwolleghem
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Geert Raes
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Debie
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.P.); (H.H.); (P.V.); (S.H.); (C.X.); (T.L.); (P.D.)
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Asefy Z, Hoseinnejhad S, Ceferov Z. Nanoparticles approaches in neurodegenerative diseases diagnosis and treatment. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:2653-2660. [PMID: 33846881 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that neurodegenerative diseases will be the biggest health issues of the twenty-first century. Among these, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases can be considered as the most acute incurable neurological diseases. Researchers are studying and developing a new treatment approach that uses nanotechnology to diagnosis and treatment neurodegenerative diseases. This treatment strategy will be used to regress neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of reduced brain function, which causes many devastating complications. Current neurodegenerative diseases treatment protocols only help to treat symptoms nevertheless with nanotechnology approaches, can regress nerve cells apoptosis, reduce inflammation, and improve brain drug delivery. In this paper, new nanotechnology methods such as nanobodies, nano-antibodies, and lipid nanoparticles have been investigated. Correspondingly blood-brain barrier drug delivery improvement methods have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asefy
- School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Sirus Hoseinnejhad
- School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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26
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Harmand TJ, Islam A, Pishesha N, Ploegh HL. Nanobodies as in vivo, non-invasive, imaging agents. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:685-701. [PMID: 34212147 PMCID: PMC8190910 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging has become in recent years an incredible tool to study biological events and has found critical applications in diagnostic medicine. Although a lot of efforts and applications have been achieved using monoclonal antibodies, other types of delivery agents are being developed. Among them, VHHs, antigen binding fragments derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, also known as nanobodies, have particularly attracted attention. Indeed, their stability, fast clearance, good tissue penetration, high solubility, simple cloning and recombinant production make them attractive targeting agents for imaging modalities such as PET, SPECT or Infra-Red. In this review, we discuss the pioneering work that has been carried out using VHHs and summarize the recent developments that have been made using nanobodies for in vivo, non-invasive, imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault J Harmand
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ashraful Islam
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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27
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Molecular Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041076. [PMID: 33670650 PMCID: PMC7922143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are two extensively studied membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that are frequently overexpressed in many cancers. As a result, these receptor families constitute attractive targets for imaging and therapeutic applications in the detection and treatment of cancer. This review explores the dynamic structure and structure-function relationships of these two growth factor receptors and their significance as it relates to theranostics of cancer, followed by some of the common inhibition modalities frequently employed to target EGFR and VEGFR, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibodies, nanobodies, and peptides. A summary of the recent advances in molecular imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical imaging (OI), and in particular, near-IR fluorescence imaging using tetrapyrrolic-based fluorophores, concludes this review.
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28
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Radchenko V, Baimukhanova A, Filosofov D. Radiochemical aspects in modern radiopharmaceutical trends: a practical guide. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1874099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ayagoz Baimukhanova
- Dzelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
- Scientific and Technical Center of Radiochemistry and Isotopes Production, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
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Bao G, Tang M, Zhao J, Zhu X. Nanobody: a promising toolkit for molecular imaging and disease therapy. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:6. [PMID: 33464410 PMCID: PMC7815856 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are the recombinant variable domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies, with many unique properties such as small size, excellent solubility, superior stability, quick clearance from blood, and deep tissue penetration. As a result, nanobodies have become a promising tool for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. As imaging tracers, nanobodies allow an early acquisition of high-quality images, provide a comprehensive evaluation of the disease, and subsequently enable a personalized precision therapy. As therapeutic agents, nanobodies enable a targeted therapy by lesion-specific delivery of drugs and effector domains, thereby improving the specificity and efficacy of the therapy. Up to date, a wide variety of nanobodies have been developed for a broad range of molecular targets and have played a significant role in patients with a broad spectrum of diseases. In this review, we aim to outline the current state-of-the-art research on the nanobodies for medical applications and then discuss the challenges and strategies for their further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Bao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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30
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Pratt EC, Tamura R, Grimm J. Cerenkov Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Nanobodies as Versatile Tool for Multiscale Imaging Modalities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121695. [PMID: 33353213 PMCID: PMC7767244 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is constantly growing in different areas of preclinical biomedical research. Several imaging methods have been developed and are continuously updated for both in vivo and in vitro applications, in order to increase the information about the structure, localization and function of molecules involved in physiology and disease. Along with these progresses, there is a continuous need for improving labeling strategies. In the last decades, the single domain antigen-binding fragments nanobodies (Nbs) emerged as important molecular imaging probes. Indeed, their small size (~15 kDa), high stability, affinity and modularity represent desirable features for imaging applications, providing higher tissue penetration, rapid targeting, increased spatial resolution and fast clearance. Accordingly, several Nb-based probes have been generated and applied to a variety of imaging modalities, ranging from in vivo and in vitro preclinical imaging to super-resolution microscopy. In this review, we will provide an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding the use of Nbs in several imaging modalities, underlining their extreme versatility and their enormous potential in targeting molecules and cells of interest in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Abstract
Unique, functional, homodimeric heavy chain-only antibodies, devoid of light chains, are circulating in the blood of Camelidae. These antibodies recognize their cognate antigen via one single domain, known as VHH or Nanobody. This serendipitous discovery made three decades ago has stimulated a growing number of researchers to generate highly specific Nanobodies against a myriad of targets. The small size, strict monomeric state, robustness, and easy tailoring of these Nanobodies have inspired many groups to design innovative Nanobody-based multi-domain constructs to explore novel applications. As such, Nanobodies have been employed as an exquisite research tool in structural, cell, and developmental biology. Furthermore, Nanobodies have demonstrated their benefit for more sensitive diagnostic tests. Finally, several Nanobody-based constructs have been designed to develop new therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Dekempeneer Y, Caveliers V, Ooms M, Maertens D, Gysemans M, Lahoutte T, Xavier C, Lecocq Q, Maes K, Covens P, Miller BW, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Cardinaels T, D’Huyvetter M. Therapeutic Efficacy of 213Bi-labeled sdAbs in a Preclinical Model of Ovarian Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3553-3566. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Dekempeneer
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Dominic Maertens
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Mireille Gysemans
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Lecocq
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Covens
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brian W. Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, European Commission−Joint Research Centre, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, European Commission−Joint Research Centre, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Thomas Cardinaels
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias D’Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Rosenfeld L, Sananes A, Zur Y, Cohen S, Dhara K, Gelkop S, Ben Zeev E, Shahar A, Lobel L, Akabayov B, Arbely E, Papo N. Nanobodies Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for the Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7601-7615. [PMID: 32442375 PMCID: PMC7383930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The repertoire of
methods for the detection and chemotherapeutic
treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) is currently limited. Prostate-specific
membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in PCa tumors and can be
exploited for both imaging and drug delivery. We developed and characterized
four nanobodies that present tight and specific binding and internalization
into PSMA+ cells and that accumulate specifically in PSMA+ tumors. We then conjugated one of these nanobodies to the
cytotoxic drug doxorubicin, and we show that the conjugate internalizes
specifically into PSMA+ cells, where the drug is released
and induces cytotoxic activity. In vivo studies show
that the extent of tumor growth inhibition is similar when mice are
treated with commercial doxorubicin and with a 42-fold lower amount
of the nanobody-conjugated doxorubicin, attesting to the efficacy
of the conjugated drug. These data highlight nanobodies as promising
agents for the imaging of PCa tumors and for the targeted delivery
of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Rosenfeld
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Amiram Sananes
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yuval Zur
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shira Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Kalyan Dhara
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sigal Gelkop
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Efrat Ben Zeev
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Shahar
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Barak Akabayov
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Eyal Arbely
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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36
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Lecocq Q, De Vlaeminck Y, Hanssens H, D'Huyvetter M, Raes G, Goyvaerts C, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Theranostics in immuno-oncology using nanobody derivatives. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7772-7791. [PMID: 31695800 PMCID: PMC6831473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become mainstream in cancer treatment. However, only patient subsets benefit from these expensive therapies, and often responses are short‐lived or coincide with side effects. A growing modality in precision oncology is the development of theranostics, as this enables patient selection, treatment and monitoring. In this approach, labeled compounds and an imaging technology are used to diagnose patients and select the best treatment option, whereas for therapy, related compounds are used to target cancer cells or the tumor stroma. In this context, nanobodies and nanobody-directed therapeutics have gained interest. This interest stems from their high antigen specificity, small size, ease of labeling and engineering, allowing specific imaging and design of therapies targeting antigens on tumor cells, immune cells as well as proteins in the tumor environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanobodies as theranostics, and their importance in the emerging field of personalized medicine.
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37
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Crauwels M, Massa S, Martin C, Betti C, Ballet S, Devoogdt N, Xavier C, Muyldermans S. Site-Specific Radioactive Labeling of Nanobodies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1827:505-540. [PMID: 30196514 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8648-4_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-domain antibody fragments, also called nanobodies (Nbs), are increasingly being used as targeting molecular tools for imaging and/or targeted radionuclide therapy. To translate these tools to the clinic, it is preferred to obtain a homogeneous, well-defined, and well-characterized product. It has been shown that Sortase A, a transpeptidase found in Staphylococcus aureus, catalyzes the site-specific conjugation between a recognition oligopeptide (LPXTG, known as sortag) and an oligoglycine functionalized probe. This versatile technique manages to couple various molecular reagents, such as biotin, fluorophores, bifunctional chelators, etc., to the target protein containing the sortag. This chapter focuses on the site-specific coupling of a bifunctional chelator (e.g., CHX-A"-DTPA) to a Nb equipped with a C-terminal sortag. The chelator conjugated to the Nb can be radiolabeled with 111In or 177Lu for SPECT imaging or targeted radionuclide therapy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Crauwels
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Massa
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.
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38
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Moek KL, Waaijer SJH, Kok IC, Suurs FV, Brouwers AH, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Wind TT, Gietema JA, Schröder CP, Mahesh SVK, Jorritsma-Smit A, Lub-de Hooge MN, Fehrmann RSN, de Groot DJA, de Vries EGE. 89Zr-labeled Bispecific T-cell Engager AMG 211 PET Shows AMG 211 Accumulation in CD3-rich Tissues and Clear, Heterogeneous Tumor Uptake. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3517-3527. [PMID: 30745297 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biodistribution of bispecific antibodies in patients is largely unknown. We therefore performed a feasibility study in 9 patients with advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas to explore AMG 211 biodistribution (also known as MEDI-565), an approximately 55 kDa bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on tumor cells and cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) on T-cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 89Zr-labeled AMG 211 as tracer was administered alone or with cold AMG 211, for PET imaging before and/or during AMG 211 treatment. RESULTS Before AMG 211 treatment, the optimal imaging dose was 200-μg 89Zr-AMG 211 + 1,800-μg cold AMG 211. At 3 hours, the highest blood pool standardized uptake value (SUV)mean was 4.0, and tracer serum half-life was 3.3 hours. CD3-mediated uptake was clearly observed in CD3-rich lymphoid tissues including spleen and bone marrow (SUVmean 3.2 and 1.8, respectively), and the SUVmean decreased more slowly than in other healthy tissues. 89Zr-AMG 211 remained intact in plasma and was excreted predominantly via the kidneys in degraded forms. Of 43 visible tumor lesions, 37 were PET quantifiable, with a SUVmax of 4.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 2.7-4.4] at 3 hours using the optimal imaging dose. The tracer uptake differed between tumor lesions 5-fold within and 9-fold between patients. During AMG 211 treatment, tracer was present in the blood pool, whereas tumor lesions were not visualized, possibly reflecting target saturation. CONCLUSIONS This first-in-human study shows high, specific 89Zr-AMG 211 accumulation in CD3-rich lymphoid tissues, as well as a clear, inter- and intraindividual heterogeneous tumor uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Moek
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn J H Waaijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris C Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans V Suurs
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thijs T Wind
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien P Schröder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shekar V K Mahesh
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annelies Jorritsma-Smit
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf S N Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Derk Jan A de Groot
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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39
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Abstract
The recent clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has renewed interest in the development of tools to image the immune system. In general, immunotherapies attempt to enable the body's own immune cells to seek out and destroy malignant disease. Molecular imaging of the cells and molecules that regulate immunity could provide unique insight into the mechanisms of action, and failure, of immunotherapies. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art immunoimaging toolbox with a focus on imaging strategies and their applications toward immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
- Department of Radiology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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40
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Millán-Gómez D, Dueñas S, Muñoz PLA, Camacho-Villegas T, Elosua C, Cabanillas-Bernal O, Escalante T, Perona A, Abia D, Drescher F, Fournier PGJ, Ramos MA, Mares RE, Paniagua-Solis J, Mata-Gonzalez T, Gonzalez-Canudas J, Hoffman RM, Licea-Navarro A, Sánchez-Campos N. In silico-designed mutations increase variable new-antigen receptor single-domain antibodies for VEGF 165 neutralization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28016-28029. [PMID: 29963259 PMCID: PMC6021326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability, binding, and tissue penetration of variable new-antigen receptor (VNAR) single-domain antibodies have been tested as part of an investigation into their ability to serve as novel therapeutics. V13 is a VNAR that recognizes vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165). In the present study V13 was used as a parental molecule into which we introduced mutations designed in silico. Two of the designed VNAR mutants were expressed, and their ability to recognize VEGF165 was assessed in vitro and in vivo. One mutation (Pro98Tyr) was designed to increase VEGF165 recognition, while the other (Arg97Ala) was designed to inhibit VEGF165 binding. Compared to parental V13, the Pro98Tyr mutant showed enhanced VEGF165 recognition and neutralization, as indicated by inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth. This molecule thus appears to have therapeutic potential for neutralizing VEGF165 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Millán-Gómez
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Salvador Dueñas
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Patricia L A Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Tanya Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño Del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Carolina Elosua
- Teraclon IDF, Parque Científico de Madrid, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Cabanillas-Bernal
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Almudena Perona
- Grupo de Biotecnología Aplicada, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Grupo de Biotecnología Aplicada, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florian Drescher
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Pierrick G J Fournier
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Marco A Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Rosa E Mares
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | | | | | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexei Licea-Navarro
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Noemí Sánchez-Campos
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
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41
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Morris O, Fairclough M, Grigg J, Prenant C, McMahon A. A review of approaches to 18
F radiolabelling affinity peptides and proteins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 62:4-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - M. Fairclough
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | | | - C. Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - A. McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
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42
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Chaisri U, Chaicumpa W. Evolution of Therapeutic Antibodies, Influenza Virus Biology, Influenza, and Influenza Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9747549. [PMID: 29998138 PMCID: PMC5994580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9747549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review article summarizes past and current technologies for generating antibodies for passive immunization/immunotherapy. Contemporary DNA and protein technologies have facilitated the development of engineered therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in a variety of formats according to the required effector functions. Chimeric, humanized, and human monoclonal antibodies to antigenic/epitopic myriads with less immunogenicity than animal-derived antibodies in human recipients can be produced in vitro. Immunotherapy with ready-to-use antibodies has gained wide acceptance as a powerful treatment against both infectious and noninfectious diseases. Influenza, a highly contagious disease, precipitates annual epidemics and occasional pandemics, resulting in high health and economic burden worldwide. Currently available drugs are becoming less and less effective against this rapidly mutating virus. Alternative treatment strategies are needed, particularly for individuals at high risk for severe morbidity. In a setting where vaccines are not yet protective or available, human antibodies that are broadly effective against various influenza subtypes could be highly efficacious in lowering morbidity and mortality and controlling unprecedented epidemic/pandemic. Prototypes of human single-chain antibodies to several conserved proteins of influenza virus with no Fc portion (hence, no ADE effect in recipients) are available. These antibodies have high potential as a novel, safe, and effective anti-influenza agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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43
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Allegra A, Innao V, Gerace D, Vaddinelli D, Allegra AG, Musolino C. Nanobodies and Cancer: Current Status and New Perspectives. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:221-237. [DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1458858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età evolutiva, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età evolutiva, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Gerace
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età evolutiva, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Doriana Vaddinelli
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età evolutiva, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età evolutiva, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età evolutiva, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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44
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Samec N, Jovcevska I, Stojan J, Zottel A, Liovic M, Myers MP, Muyldermans S, Šribar J, Križaj I, Komel R. Glioblastoma-specific anti-TUFM nanobody for in-vitro immunoimaging and cancer stem cell targeting. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17282-17299. [PMID: 29707108 PMCID: PMC5915116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of brain tumor. The prognosis for patients remains poor, despite the combination of new preoperative and intraoperative neuroimaging, radical surgery, and recent advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To improve GBM therapy and patient outcome, sustained drug delivery to glioma cells is needed, while minimizing toxicity to adjacent neurons and glia cells. This might be achieved through an anti-proteomic approach based on nanobodies, the single-domain antigen-binding fragments of heavy-chain antibodies of the camelid adaptive immune system. We report here on the validation and quantification of a nanobody raised against mitochondrial translation elongation factor (TUFM). Differential expression of TUFM was examined in different GBM cell lines and GBM tissue at the protein and mRNA levels, as compared to their expression in neural stem cells and normal brain tissue. We further used in-silico modelling and immunocytochemistry to define the specificity of anti-TUFM nanobody (Nb206) towards GBM stem cells, as compared to GBM cell lines (U251MG and U87MG cells). Due to its specificity and pronounced inhibitory effect on GBM stem cell growth, we propose the use of this anti-TUFM nanobody for GBM in vitro immunoimaging and potentially also cancer stem cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neja Samec
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Jovcevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Stojan
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Zottel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirjana Liovic
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael P Myers
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Bioengineering Sciences Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jernej Šribar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Arbabi-Ghahroudi M. Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies: Historical Perspective and Future Outlook. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1589. [PMID: 29209322 PMCID: PMC5701970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous effort has been expended over the past two and a half decades to understand many aspects of camelid heavy chain antibodies, from their biology, evolution, and immunogenetics to their potential applications in various fields of research and medicine. In this article, I present a historical perspective on the development of camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs or VHHs, also widely known as nanobodies) since their discovery and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these unique molecules in various areas of research, industry, and medicine. Commercialization of camelid sdAbs exploded in 2001 with a flurry of patents issued to the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and later taken on by the Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and, after 2002, the VIB-founded spin-off company, Ablynx. While entrepreneurial spirit has certainly catalyzed the exploration of nanobodies as marketable products, IP restrictions may be partially responsible for the relatively long time span between the discovery of these biomolecules and their entry into the pharmaceutical market. It is now anticipated that the first VHH-based antibody drug, Caplacizumab, a bivalent anti-vWF antibody for treating rare blood clotting disorders, may be approved and commercialized in 2018 or shortly thereafter. This elusive first approval, along with the expiry of key patents, may substantially alter the scientific and biomedical landscape surrounding camelid sdAbs and pave the way for their emergence as mainstream biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Salema V, Fernández LÁ. Escherichia coli surface display for the selection of nanobodies. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1468-1484. [PMID: 28772027 PMCID: PMC5658595 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) are the smallest functional antibody fragments known in nature and have multiple applications in biomedicine or environmental monitoring. Nbs are derived from the variable segment of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, known as VHH. For selection, libraries of VHH gene segments from naïve, immunized animals or of synthetic origin have been traditionally cloned in E. coli phage display or yeast display systems, and clones binding the target antigen recovered, usually from plastic surfaces with the immobilized antigen (phage display) or using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS; yeast display). This review briefly describes these conventional approaches and focuses on the distinct properties of an E. coli display system developed in our laboratory, which combines the benefits of both phage display and yeast display systems. We demonstrate that E. coli display using an N-terminal domain of intimin is an effective platform for the surface display of VHH libraries enabling selection of high-affinity Nbs by magnetic cell sorting and direct selection on live mammalian cells displaying the target antigen on their surface. Flow cytometry analysis of E. coli bacteria displaying the Nbs on their surface allows monitoring of the selection process, facilitates screening, characterization of antigen-binding clones, specificity, ligand competition and estimation of the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencio Salema
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
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47
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Clark J, O’Hagan D. Strategies for radiolabelling antibody, antibody fragments and affibodies with fluorine-18 as tracers for positron emission tomography (PET). J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Björnmalm M, Thurecht KJ, Michael M, Scott AM, Caruso F. Bridging Bio-Nano Science and Cancer Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9594-9613. [PMID: 28926225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The interface of bio-nano science and cancer medicine is an area experiencing much progress but also beset with controversy. Core concepts of the field-e.g., the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, tumor targeting and accumulation, and even the purpose of "nano" in cancer medicine-are hotly debated. In parallel, considerable advances in neighboring fields are occurring rapidly, including the recent progress of "immuno-oncology" and the fundamental impact it is having on our understanding and the clinical treatment of the group of diseases collectively known as cancer. Herein, we (i) revisit how cancer is commonly treated in the clinic and how this relates to nanomedicine; (ii) examine the ongoing debate on the relevance of the EPR effect and tumor targeting; (iii) highlight ways to improve the next-generation of nanomedicines; and (iv) discuss the emerging concept of working with (and not against) biology. While discussing these controversies, challenges, emerging concepts, and opportunities, we explore new directions for the field of cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Björnmalm
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Gonzalez-Sapienza G, Rossotti MA, Tabares-da Rosa S. Single-Domain Antibodies As Versatile Affinity Reagents for Analytical and Diagnostic Applications. Front Immunol 2017; 8:977. [PMID: 28871254 PMCID: PMC5566570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With just three CDRs in their variable domains, the antigen-binding site of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (HcAbs) has a more limited structural diversity than that of conventional antibodies. Even so, this does not seem to limit their specificity and high affinity as HcAbs against a broad range of structurally diverse antigens have been reported. The recombinant form of their variable domain [nanobody (Nb)] has outstanding properties that make Nbs, not just an alternative option to conventional antibodies, but in many cases, these properties allow them to reach analytical or diagnostic performances that cannot be accomplished with conventional antibodies. These attributes include comprehensive representation of the immune specificity in display libraries, easy adaptation to high-throughput screening, exceptional stability, minimal size, and versatility as affinity building block. Here, we critically reviewed each of these properties and highlight their relevance with regard to recent developments in different fields of immunosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martín A Rossotti
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Tabares-da Rosa
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
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50
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D'Huyvetter M, De Vos J, Xavier C, Pruszynski M, Sterckx YGJ, Massa S, Raes G, Caveliers V, Zalutsky MR, Lahoutte T, Devoogdt N. 131I-labeled Anti-HER2 Camelid sdAb as a Theranostic Tool in Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6616-6628. [PMID: 28751451 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Camelid single-domain antibody-fragments (sdAb) have beneficial pharmacokinetic properties, and those targeted to HER2 can be used for imaging of HER2-overexpressing cancer. Labeled with a therapeutic radionuclide, they may be used for HER2-targeted therapy. Here, we describe the generation of a 131I-labeled sdAb as a theranostic drug to treat HER2-overexpressing cancer.Experimental Design: Anti-HER2 sdAb 2Rs15d was labeled with 131I using [131I]SGMIB and evaluated in vitro Biodistribution was evaluated in two HER2+ murine xenograft models by micro-SPECT/CT imaging and at necropsy, and under challenge with trastuzumab and pertuzumab. The therapeutic potential of [131I]SGMIB-2Rs15d was investigated in two HER2+ tumor mouse models. A single-dose toxicity study was performed in mice using unlabeled [127I]SGMIB-sdAb at 1.4 mg/kg. The structure of the 2Rs15d-HER2 complex was determined by X-ray crystallography.Results: [131I]SGMIB-2Rs15d bound specifically to HER2+ cells (Kd = 4.74 ± 0.39 nmol/L). High and specific tumor uptake was observed in both BT474/M1 and SKOV-3 tumor xenografted mice and surpassed kidney levels by 3 hours. Extremely low uptake values were observed in other normal tissues at all time points. The crystal structure revealed that 2Rs15d recognizes HER2 Domain 1, consistent with the lack of competition with trastuzumab and pertuzumab observed in vivo [131I]SGMIB-2Rs15d alone, or in combination with trastuzumab, extended median survival significantly. No toxicity was observed after injecting [127I]SGMIB-2Rs15d.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the theranostic potential of [131I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. An initial scan using low radioactive [*I]SGMIB-2Rs15d allows patient selection and dosimetry calculations for subsequent therapeutic [131I]SGMIB-2Rs15d and could thereby impact therapy outcome on HER2+ breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6616-28. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jens De Vos
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Camel-IDS NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Yann G J Sterckx
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Massa
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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