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Jerez C, Llop A, Salinas P, Bibak S, Forchhammer K, Contreras A. Analysing the Cyanobacterial PipX Interaction Network Using NanoBiT Complementation in Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4702. [PMID: 38731921 PMCID: PMC11083307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The conserved cyanobacterial protein PipX is part of a complex interaction network with regulators involved in essential processes that include metabolic homeostasis and ribosome assembly. Because PipX interactions depend on the relative levels of their different partners and of the effector molecules binding to them, in vivo studies are required to understand the physiological significance and contribution of environmental factors to the regulation of PipX complexes. Here, we have used the NanoBiT complementation system to analyse the regulation of complex formation in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 between PipX and each of its two best-characterized partners, PII and NtcA. Our results confirm previous in vitro analyses on the regulation of PipX-PII and PipX-NtcA complexes by 2-oxoglutarate and on the regulation of PipX-PII by the ATP/ADP ratio, showing the disruption of PipX-NtcA complexes due to increased levels of ADP-bound PII in Synechococcus elongatus. The demonstration of a positive role of PII on PipX-NtcA complexes during their initial response to nitrogen starvation or the impact of a PipX point mutation on the activity of PipX-PII and PipX-NtcA reporters are further indications of the sensitivity of the system. This study reveals additional regulatory complexities in the PipX interaction network, opening a path for future research on cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Jerez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.J.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (S.B.)
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Biology, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Antonio Llop
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.J.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Paloma Salinas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.J.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Sirine Bibak
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.J.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Biology, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Asunción Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.J.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (S.B.)
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2
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Wang L, Liu B, Meng Q, Yang C, Hu Y, Wang C, Wu P, Ruan C, Li W, Cheng S, Guo S. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular engineering for the production of FAME biodiesel. AMB Express 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38658521 PMCID: PMC11043267 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The unsustainable and widespread utilization of fossil fuels continues to drive the rapid depletion of global supplies. Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to conventional diesel, leading to growing research interest in its production. Microbes can facilitate the de novo synthesis of a type of biodiesel in the form of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic activity was engineered to facilitate enhanced FAME production. Initially, free fatty acid concentrations were increased by deleting two acetyl-CoA synthetase genes (FAA1, FAA4) and an acyl-CoA oxidase gene (POX1). Intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels were then enhanced via the deletion of an adenosine kinase gene (ADO1) and the overexpression of a SAM synthetase gene (SAM2). Lastly, the S. cerevisiae strain overproducing free fatty acids and SAM were manipulated to express a plasmid encoding the Drosophila melanogaster Juvenile Hormone Acid O-Methyltransferase (DmJHAMT). Using this combination of engineering approaches, a FAME concentration of 5.79 ± 0.56 mg/L was achieved using these cells in the context of shaking flask fermentation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of FAME production in S. cerevisiae. These results will provide a valuable basis for future efforts to engineer S. cerevisiae strains for highly efficient production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyou Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Qingshan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Pengyu Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Chen Ruan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Wenhuan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China.
| | - Shuxian Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China.
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Zhang J, Xue D, Wang C, Fang D, Cao L, Gong C. Genetic engineering for biohydrogen production from microalgae. iScience 2023; 26:107255. [PMID: 37520694 PMCID: PMC10384274 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biohydrogen as an alternative energy source has had great economic and environmental benefits. Hydrogen production from microalgae is considered a clean and sustainable energy production method that can both alleviate fuel shortages and recycle waste. Although algal hydrogen production has low energy consumption and requires only simple pretreatment, it has not been commercialized because of low product yields. To increase microalgal biohydrogen production several technologies have been developed, although they struggle with the oxygen sensitivity of the hydrogenases responsible for hydrogen production and the complexity of the metabolic network. In this review, several genetic and metabolic engineering studies on enhancing microalgal biohydrogen production are discussed, and the economic feasibility and future direction of microalgal biohydrogen commercialization are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P.R.China
| | - Dongsheng Xue
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P.R.China
| | - Chongju Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P.R.China
| | - Donglai Fang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P.R.China
| | - Liping Cao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P.R.China
| | - Chunjie Gong
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P.R.China
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4
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Levä T, Rissanen V, Nikkanen L, Siitonen V, Heilala M, Phiri J, Maloney TC, Kosourov S, Allahverdiyeva Y, Mäkelä M, Tammelin T. Mapping Nanocellulose- and Alginate-Based Photosynthetic Cell Factory Scaffolds: Interlinking Porosity, Wet Strength, and Gas Exchange. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3484-3497. [PMID: 37384553 PMCID: PMC10428157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop efficient solid-state photosynthetic cell factories for sustainable chemical production, we present an interdisciplinary experimental toolbox to investigate and interlink the structure, operative stability, and gas transfer properties of alginate- and nanocellulose-based hydrogel matrices with entrapped wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803 cyanobacteria. We created a rheological map based on the mechanical performance of the hydrogel matrices. The results highlighted the importance of Ca2+-cross-linking and showed that nanocellulose matrices possess higher yield properties, and alginate matrices possess higher rest properties. We observed higher porosity for nanocellulose-based matrices in a water-swollen state via calorimetric thermoporosimetry and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Finally, by pioneering a gas flux analysis via membrane-inlet mass spectrometry for entrapped cells, we observed that the porosity and rigidity of the matrices are connected to their gas exchange rates over time. Overall, these findings link the dynamic properties of the life-sustaining matrix to the performance of the immobilized cells in tailored solid-state photosynthetic cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Levä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Rissanen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Heilala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Josphat Phiri
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Thaddeus C. Maloney
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Mäkelä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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5
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Kolackova M, Janova A, Dobesova M, Zvalova M, Chaloupsky P, Krystofova O, Adam V, Huska D. Role of secondary metabolites in distressed microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115392. [PMID: 36746204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proficient photosynthetic microalgae/cyanobacteria produce a remarkable amount of various biomolecules. Secondary metabolites (SM) represent high value products for global biotrend application. Production improvement can be achieved by nutritional, environmental, and physiological stress as a first line tools for their stimulation. In recent decade, an increasing interest in algal stress biology and omics techniques have deepened knowledge in this area. However, deep understanding and connection of specific stress elucidator are missing. Hence, the present review summarizes recent evidence with an emphasis on the carotenoids, phenolic, and less-discussed compounds (glycerol, proline, mycosporins-like amino acids). Even when they are synthesized at very low concentrations, it highlights the need to expand knowledge in this area using genome-editing tools and omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Janova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zvalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Recent progress in the synthesis of advanced biofuel and bioproducts. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 80:102913. [PMID: 36854202 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Energy is one of the most complex fields of study and an issue that influences nearly every aspect of modern life. Over the past century, combustion of fossil fuels, particularly in the transportation sector, has been the dominant form of energy release. Refining of petroleum and natural gas into liquid transportation fuels is also the centerpiece of the modern chemical industry used to produce materials, solvents, and other consumer goods. In the face of global climate change, the world is searching for alternative, sustainable means of producing energy carriers and chemical building blocks. The use of biofuels in engines predates modern refinery optimization and today represents a small but significant fraction of liquid transportation fuels burnt each year. Similarly, white biotechnology has been used to produce many natural products through fermentation. The evolution of recombinant DNA technology into modern synthetic biology has expanded the scope of biofuels and bioproducts that can be made by biocatalysts. This opinion examines the current trends in this research space, highlighting the substantial growth in computational tools and the growing influence of renewable electricity in the design of metabolic engineering strategies. In short, advanced biofuel and bioproduct synthesis remains a vibrant and critically important field of study whose focus is shifting away from the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass toward a broader consideration of how to reduce carbon dioxide to fuels and chemical products.
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7
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Llop A, Labella JI, Borisova M, Forchhammer K, Selim KA, Contreras A. Pleiotropic effects of PipX, PipY, or RelQ overexpression on growth, cell size, photosynthesis, and polyphosphate accumulation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141775. [PMID: 37007489 PMCID: PMC10060972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterial protein PipY belongs to the Pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP)-binding proteins (PLPBP/COG0325) family of pyridoxal-phosphate-binding proteins, which are represented in all three domains of life. These proteins share a high degree of sequence conservation, appear to have purely regulatory functions, and are involved in the homeostasis of vitamin B6 vitamers and amino/keto acids. Intriguingly, the genomic context of the pipY gene in cyanobacteria connects PipY with PipX, a protein involved in signaling the intracellular energy status and carbon-to-nitrogen balance. PipX regulates its cellular targets via protein–protein interactions. These targets include the PII signaling protein, the ribosome assembly GTPase EngA, and the transcriptional regulators NtcA and PlmA. PipX is thus involved in the transmission of multiple signals that are relevant for metabolic homeostasis and stress responses in cyanobacteria, but the exact function of PipY is still elusive. Preliminary data indicated that PipY might also be involved in signaling pathways related to the stringent stress response, a pathway that can be induced in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 by overexpression of the (p)ppGpp synthase, RelQ. To get insights into the cellular functions of PipY, we performed a comparative study of PipX, PipY, or RelQ overexpression in S. elongatus PCC7942. Overexpression of PipY or RelQ caused similar phenotypic responses, such as growth arrest, loss of photosynthetic activity and viability, increased cell size, and accumulation of large polyphosphate granules. In contrast, PipX overexpression decreased cell length, indicating that PipX and PipY play antagonistic roles on cell elongation or cell division. Since ppGpp levels were not induced by overexpression of PipY or PipX, it is apparent that the production of polyphosphate in cyanobacteria does not require induction of the stringent response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Llop
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions Department, Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jose I. Labella
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marina Borisova
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions Department, Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions Department, Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khaled A. Selim
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions Department, Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Asunción Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Asunción Contreras,
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8
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Yao H, Dahal S, Yang L. Novel context-specific genome-scale modelling explores the potential of triacylglycerol production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:13. [PMID: 36650525 PMCID: PMC9847032 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression data of cell cultures is commonly measured in biological and medical studies to understand cellular decision-making in various conditions. Metabolism, affected but not solely determined by the expression, is much more difficult to measure experimentally. Finding a reliable method to predict cell metabolism for expression data will greatly benefit metabolic engineering. We have developed a novel pipeline, OVERLAY, that can explore cellular fluxomics from expression data using only a high-quality genome-scale metabolic model. This is done through two main steps: first, construct a protein-constrained metabolic model (PC-model) by integrating protein and enzyme information into the metabolic model (M-model). Secondly, overlay the expression data onto the PC-model using a novel two-step nonconvex and convex optimization formulation, resulting in a context-specific PC-model with optionally calibrated rate constants. The resulting model computes proteomes and intracellular flux states that are consistent with the measured transcriptomes. Therefore, it provides detailed cellular insights that are difficult to glean individually from the omic data or M-model alone. We apply the OVERLAY to interpret triacylglycerol (TAG) overproduction by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using time-course RNA-Seq data. We show that OVERLAY can compute C. reinhardtii metabolism under nitrogen deprivation and metabolic shifts after an acetate boost. OVERLAY can also suggest possible 'bottleneck' proteins that need to be overexpressed to increase the TAG accumulation rate, as well as discuss other TAG-overproduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yao
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division St, Kingston, K7L 2N9 Canada
| | - Sanjeev Dahal
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division St, Kingston, K7L 2N9 Canada
| | - Laurence Yang
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division St, Kingston, K7L 2N9 Canada
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Thanigaivel S, Rajendran S, Hoang TKA, Ahmad A, Luque R. Photobiological effects of converting biomass into hydrogen - Challenges and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128278. [PMID: 36351535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to other methods of producing hydrogen, the production of biohydrogen is significantly less harmful to the surrounding ecosystem when it was produced from the biological origin such as microalgae. It could take the place of conventional fossil fuels while avoiding the emission of greenhouse gases. The substrates such as food, agricultural waste, and industrial waste can be readily utilized after the necessary pretreatment, led to an increase in the yield of hydrogen. Improving the production of biofuels at each stage can have a significant impact on the final results, making this method a potentially useful instrument. As a consequence of this, numerous approaches to pretreat the algal biomass, numerous types of enzymes and catalyst that play a crucial role for hydrogen production, the variables that influence the production of hydrogen, and the potential applications of genetic engineering have all been comprehensively covered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Tuan K A Hoang
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, 1806, boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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The Conserved Family of the Pyridoxal Phosphate-Binding Protein (PLPBP) and Its Cyanobacterial Paradigm PipY. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101622. [PMID: 36295057 PMCID: PMC9605639 DOI: 10.3390/life12101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The PLPBP family of pyridoxal phosphate-binding proteins has a high degree of sequence conservation and is represented in all three domains of life. PLPBP members, of which a few representatives have been studied in different contexts, are single-domain proteins with no known enzymatic activity that exhibit the fold type III of PLP-holoenzymes, consisting in an α/β barrel (TIM-barrel), where the PLP cofactor is solvent-exposed. Despite the constant presence of cofactor PLP (a key catalytic element in PLP enzymes), PLPBP family members appear to have purely regulatory functions affecting the homeostasis of vitamin B6 vitamers and amino/keto acids. Perturbation of these metabolites and pleiotropic phenotypes have been reported in bacteria and zebrafish after PLPBP gene inactivation as well as in patients with vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy that results from loss-of-function mutations at the PLPBP. Here, we review information gathered from diverse studies and biological systems, emphasizing the structural and functional conservation of the PLPBP members and discussing the informative nature of model systems and experimental approaches. In this context, the relatively high level of structural and functional characterization of PipY from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 provides a unique opportunity to investigate the PLPBP roles in the context of a signaling pathway conserved in cyanobacteria.
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11
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Zhu Z, Sun J, Fa Y, Liu X, Lindblad P. Enhancing microalgal lipid accumulation for biofuel production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1024441. [PMID: 36299727 PMCID: PMC9588965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have high lipid accumulation capacity, high growth rate and high photosynthetic efficiency which are considered as one of the most promising alternative sustainable feedstocks for producing lipid-based biofuels. However, commercialization feasibility of microalgal biofuel production is still conditioned to the high production cost. Enhancement of lipid accumulation in microalgae play a significant role in boosting the economics of biofuel production based on microalgal lipid. The major challenge of enhancing microalgal lipid accumulation lies in overcoming the trade-off between microalgal cell growth and lipid accumulation. Substantial approaches including genetic modifications of microalgal strains by metabolic engineering and process regulations of microalgae cultivation by integrating multiple optimization strategies widely applied in industrial microbiology have been investigated. In the present review, we critically discuss recent trends in the application of multiple molecular strategies to construct high performance microalgal strains by metabolic engineering and synergistic strategies of process optimization and stress operation to enhance microalgal lipid accumulation for biofuel production. Additionally, this review aims to emphasize the opportunities and challenges regarding scaled application of the strategic integration and its viability to make microalgal biofuel production a commercial reality in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yun Fa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Xufeng Liu,
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Peter Lindblad,
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12
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Pathy A, Nageshwari K, Ramaraj R, Pragas Maniam G, Govindan N, Balasubramanian P. Biohydrogen production using algae: Potentiality, economics and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127514. [PMID: 35760248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biohydrogen production from algal biomass could ensure hydrogen's sustainability as a fuel option at the industrial level. However, some bottlenecks still need to be overcome to achieve the process's economic feasibility. This review article highlights the potential of algal biomasses for producing hydrogen with a detailed explanation of various mechanisms and enzymes involved in the production processes. Further, it discusses the impact of various experimental parameters on biohydrogen production. This article also analyses the significant challenges confronted during the overall biohydrogen production process and comprehends the recent strategies adopted to enhance hydrogen productivity. Furthermore, it gives a perception of the economic sustenance of the process. Moreover, this review elucidates the future scope of this technology and delineates the approaches to ensure the viability of hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Pathy
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Nageshwari
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | | | - Gaanty Pragas Maniam
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Malaysia
| | | | - Paramasivan Balasubramanian
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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13
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Rengel R, Giraldez I, Díaz MJ, García T, Vigara J, León R. Simultaneous production of carotenoids and chemical building blocks precursors from chlorophyta microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127035. [PMID: 35314305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of fossil fuels has to be accompanied by the incorporation of bio-based procedures for the production of fine chemicals. With this aim, the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was selected for its ability to accumulate starch, an environmentally-friendly alternative source of chemical building blocks, such as 5'-hydroxymethylfurfural or levulinic acid. The content of appreciated lipophilic coproducts was assessed in the selected microalga cultured at different nutritional conditions; and the parameters for the acidic hydrolysis of the algal biomass, obtained after pigments extraction, were optimized using a Central Composite Design. Response Surface Methodology predicted that the optimal hydrolysis conditions were elevated temperature, high DMSO % and short hydrolysis time for glucose. LA was favored at long times and high acid % and 5'-HMF at lower acid % and high DMSO %. Chlamydomonas can therefore be used as a sustainable feedstock for the simultaneous production of high-added value lipophilic compounds and platform chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rengel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Giraldez
- Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, PRO2TECS-Chemical Engineering Department, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Manuel J Díaz
- Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, PRO2TECS-Chemical Engineering Department, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Trinidad García
- Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, PRO2TECS-Chemical Engineering Department, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
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14
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Zhang M, Ramya G, Brindhadevi K, Elfasakhany A, Khalifa AS, Xia C, Manigandan S, Pugazhendhi A. Comparison of cracking activity of the core-shell composite MCM-41/HY & MCM-48/HY catalysts in the synthesis of organic liquid fuel from Mahua oil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112474. [PMID: 34863683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A synergistic catalyst was architectured using the hydrothermal crystallization method. Mesoporous material with pore diameter less than 20 nm was grown on the microporous Zeolite HY. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, ICP-OES, BET, TPD, SEM and TEM techniques. The SEM picture portrayed excellent core - shell morphology and TEM analysis corresponded to the XRD reports. Mahua oil was cracked in a pilot scale reactor over the synthesized catalysts at an optimized reaction condition (Temperature: 400 οC; WHSV: 4.6 h-1). The gaseous and liquid products of reaction were analyzed by Residual Gas analyzer and GCMS respectively. The NMR spectral analysis of fuel showed low traces of aromatics. The produced fuel was analyzed for its significant properties like calorific value, fire point, flash point and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ganesan Ramya
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's Institute of Technology, Chennai, 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Salah Khalifa
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - S Manigandan
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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15
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Abstract
The problem of global warming and the emission of greenhouse gases is already directly affecting the world’s energy. In the future, the impact of CO2 emissions on the world economy will constantly grow. In this paper, we review the available literature sources on the benefits of using algae cultivation for CO2 capture to decrease CO2 emission. CO2 emission accounts for about 77% of all greenhouse gases, and the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions is 56% of all CO2 imports. As a result of the study of various types of algae, it was concluded that Chlorella sp. is the best at capturing CO2. Various methods of cultivating microalgae were also considered and it was found that vertical tubular bioreactors are emerging. Moreover, for energy purposes, thermochemical methods for processing algae that absorb CO2 from flue gases were considered. Of all five types of thermochemical processes for producing synthesis gas, the most preferred method is the method of supercritical gasification of algae. In addition, attention is paid to the drying and flocculation of biofuels. Several different experiments were also reviewed on the use of flue gases through the cultivation of algae biomass. Based on this literature review, it can be concluded that microalgae are a third generation biofuel. With the absorption of greenhouse gases, the growth of microalgae cultures is accelerated. When a large mass of microalgae appears, it can be used for energy purposes. In the results, we present a plan for further studies of microalgae cultivation, a thermodynamic analysis of gasification and pyrolysis, and a comparison of the results with other biofuels and other algae cultures.
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16
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Jerez C, Salinas P, Llop A, Cantos R, Espinosa J, Labella JI, Contreras A. Regulatory Connections Between the Cyanobacterial Factor PipX and the Ribosome Assembly GTPase EngA. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:781760. [PMID: 34956147 PMCID: PMC8696166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, phototrophic organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis, must adapt their metabolic processes to important environmental challenges, like those imposed by the succession of days and nights. Not surprisingly, certain regulatory proteins are found exclusively in this phylum. One of these unique proteins, PipX, provides a mechanistic link between signals of carbon/nitrogen and of energy, transduced by the signaling protein PII, and the control of gene expression by the global nitrogen regulator NtcA. PII, required for cell survival unless PipX is inactivated or downregulated, functions by protein-protein interactions with transcriptional regulators, transporters, and enzymes. PipX also functions by protein-protein interactions, and previous studies suggested the existence of additional interacting partners or included it into a relatively robust six-node synteny network with proteins apparently unrelated to the nitrogen regulation system. To investigate additional functions of PipX while providing a proof of concept for the recently developed cyanobacterial linkage network, here we analyzed the physical and regulatory interactions between PipX and an intriguing component of the PipX synteny network, the essential ribosome assembly GTPase EngA. The results provide additional insights into the functions of cyanobacterial EngA and of PipX, showing that PipX interacts with the GD1 domain of EngA in a guanosine diphosphate-dependent manner and interferes with EngA functions in Synechococcus elongatus at a low temperature, an environmentally relevant context. Therefore, this work expands the PipX interaction network and establishes a possible connection between nitrogen regulation and the translation machinery. We discuss a regulatory model integrating previous information on PII-PipX with the results presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Jerez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paloma Salinas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Llop
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Cantos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Espinosa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose I Labella
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Asunción Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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17
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Microalgal lipids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 74:1-7. [PMID: 34749062 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae, including cyanobacteria, are a genetically diverse and biochemically diverse group of mostly photosynthetic organisms that can be found in nearly every ecosystem. They produce a broad range of compounds, including structural and bioactive lipids with various roles in the metabolism of the cell and potential applications in biotechnology. The majority of lipids are synthesized in the chloroplast using acetate to produce fatty acids and terpenoids via the acetate pathway and methylerythritol phosphate deoxy-xylulose phosphate pathway, respectively. This review will highlight the major groups of microalgal lipids as well as their applications in food, fuels, and specialty chemicals. Future directions include the development of microalgal chassis organisms and molecular tools to manipulate lipid synthesis for the enhanced production of target metabolites.
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18
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Ren Y, Deng J, Huang J, Wu Z, Yi L, Bi Y, Chen F. Using green alga Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin and lipid co-production: Advances and outlook. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125736. [PMID: 34426245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is one of the secondary carotenoids involved in mediating abiotic stress of microalgae. As an important antioxidant and nutraceutical compound, astaxanthin is widely applied in dietary supplements and cosmetic ingredients. However, most astaxanthin in the market is chemically synthesized, which are structurally heterogeneous and inefficient for biological uptake. Astaxanthin refinery from Haematococcus pluvialis is now a growing industrial sector. H. pluvialis can accumulate astaxanthin to ∼5% of dry weight. As productivity is a key metric to evaluate the production feasibility, understanding the biological mechanisms of astaxanthin accumulation is beneficial for further production optimization. In this review, the biosynthesis mechanism of astaxanthin and production strategies are summarized. The current research on enhancing astaxanthin accumulation and the potential joint-production of astaxanthin with lipids was also discussed. It is conceivable that with further improvement on the productivity of astaxanthin and by-products, the algal-derived astaxanthin would be more accessible to low-profit applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ren
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinquan Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhaoming Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lanbo Yi
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuge Bi
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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19
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A critical perspective on the scope of interdisciplinary approaches used in fourth-generation biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Jones CM, Parrish S, Nielsen DR. Exploiting Polyploidy for Markerless and Plasmid-Free Genome Engineering in Cyanobacteria. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2371-2382. [PMID: 34530614 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a universal approach for plasmid-free genome engineering in cyanobacteria that exploits the polyploidy of their chromosomes as a natural counterselection system. Rather than being delivered via replicating plasmids, genes encoding for DNA modifying enzymes are instead integrated into essential genes on the chromosome by allelic exchange, as facilitated by antibiotic selection, a process that occurs readily and with only minor fitness defects. By virtue of the essentiality of these integration sites, full segregation is never achieved, with the strain instead remaining as a merodiploid so long as antibiotic selection is maintained. As a result, once the desired genome modification is complete, removal of antibiotic selection results in the gene encoding for the DNA modifying enzyme to then be promptly eliminated from the population. Proof of concept of this new and generalizable strategy is provided using two different site-specific recombination systems, CRE-lox and DRE-rox, in the fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, as well as CRE-lox in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Reusability of the method, meanwhile, is demonstrated by constructing a high-CO2 requiring and markerless Δndh3 Δndh4 ΔbicA ΔsbtA mutant of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Overall, this method enables the simple and efficient construction of stable and unmarked mutants in cyanobacteria without the need to develop additional shuttle vectors nor counterselection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Jones
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sydney Parrish
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - David R. Nielsen
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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21
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Tanvir RU, Zhang J, Canter T, Chen D, Lu J, Hu Z. Harnessing Solar Energy using Phototrophic Microorganisms: A Sustainable Pathway to Bioenergy, Biomaterials, and Environmental Solutions. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021; 146:1-111181. [PMID: 34526853 PMCID: PMC8437043 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms (microbial phototrophs) use light as an energy source to carry out various metabolic processes producing biomaterials and bioenergy and supporting their own growth. Among them, microalgae and cyanobacteria have been utilized extensively for bioenergy, biomaterials, and environmental applications. Their superior photosynthetic efficiency, lipid content, and shorter cultivation time compared to terrestrial biomass make them more suitable for efficient production of bioenergy and biomaterials. Other phototrophic microorganisms, especially anoxygenic phototrophs, demonstrated the ability to survive and flourish while producing renewable energy and high-value products under harsh environmental conditions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of microbial phototrophs on their (i) production of bioenergy and biomaterials, (ii) emerging and innovative applications for environmental conservation, mitigation, and remediation, and (iii) physical, genetic, and metabolic pathways to improve light harvesting and biomass/biofuel/biomaterial production. Both physical (e.g., incremental irradiation) and genetic approaches (e.g., truncated antenna) are implemented to increase the light-harvesting efficiency. Increases in biomass yield and metabolic products are possible through the manipulation of metabolic pathways and selection of a proper strain under optimal cultivation conditions and downstream processing, including harvesting, extraction, and purification. Finally, the current barriers in harnessing solar energy using phototrophic microorganisms are presented, and future research perspectives are discussed, such as integrating phototrophic microorganisms with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Ullah Tanvir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Timothy Canter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Dick Chen
- Dual Enrollment Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
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22
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Yunus IS, Wang Z, Sattayawat P, Muller J, Zemichael FW, Hellgardt K, Jones PR. Improved Bioproduction of 1-Octanol Using Engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1417-1428. [PMID: 34003632 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1-Octanol has gained interest as a chemical precursor for both high and low value commodities including fuel, solvents, surfactants, and fragrances. By harnessing the power from sunlight and CO2 as carbon source, cyanobacteria has recently been engineered for renewable production of 1-octanol. The productivity, however, remained low. In the present work, we report efforts to further improve the 1-octanol productivity. Different N-terminal truncations were evaluated on three thioesterases from different plant species, resulting in several candidate thioesterases with improved activity and selectivity toward octanoyl-ACP. The structure/function trials suggest that current knowledge and/or state-of-the art computational tools are insufficient to determine the most appropriate cleavage site for thioesterases in Synechocystis. Additionally, by tuning the inducer concentration and light intensity, we further improved the 1-octanol productivity, reaching up to 35% (w/w) carbon partitioning and a titer of 526 ± 5 mg/L 1-octanol in 12 days. Long-term cultivation experiments demonstrated that the improved strain can be stably maintained for at least 30 days and/or over ten times serial dilution. Surprisingly, the improved strain was genetically stable in contrast to earlier strains having lower productivity (and hence a reduced chance of reaching toxic product concentrations). Altogether, improved enzymes and environmental conditions (e.g., inducer concentration and light intensity) substantially increased the 1-octanol productivity. When cultured under continuous conditions, the bioproduction system reached an accumulative titer of >3.5 g/L 1-octanol over close to 180 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sofian Yunus
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Pachara Sattayawat
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jonathan Muller
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Fessehaye W. Zemichael
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik R. Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhang X, Betterle N, Hidalgo Martinez D, Melis A. Recombinant Protein Stability in Cyanobacteria. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:810-825. [PMID: 33684287 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The living cell possesses extraordinary molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which to recognize and efficiently remove foreign, damaged, or denatured proteins. This essential function has been a barrier to the overexpression of recombinant proteins in most expression systems. A notable exception is the overexpression in E. coli of recombinant proteins, most of which, however, end-up as "inclusion bodies", i.e., cytoplasmic aggregates of proteins that are inaccessible to the cell's proteasome. "Fusion constructs as protein overexpression vectors" proved to be unparalleled in their ability to cause substantial accumulation of recombinant proteins from plants, animals, and bacteria, as soluble proteins in unicellular cyanobacteria. Recombinant protein levels in the range of 10-20% of the total cellular protein can be achieved. The present work investigated this unique property in the context of recombinant protein stability in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by developing and applying an in vivo cellular tobacco etch virus cleavage system with the objective of separating the target heterologous proteins from their fusion leader sequences. The work provides new insights about the overexpression, cellular stability, and exploitation of transgenes with commercial interest, highly expressed in a cyanobacterial biofactory. The results support the notion that eukaryotic plant- and animal-origin recombinant proteins are unstable, when free in the cyanobacterial cytosol but stable when in a fusion configuration with a highly expressed cyanobacterial native or heterologous protein. Included in this analysis are recombinant proteins of the plant isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (isoprene synthase, β-phellandrene synthase, geranyl diphosphate synthase), the human interferon protein, as well as prokaryotic proteins (tetanus toxin fragment C and the antibiotic resistance genes kanamycin and chloramphenicol). The future success of synthetic biology approaches with cyanobacteria and other systems would require overexpression of pathway enzymes to attain product volume, and the work reported in this paper sets the foundation for such recombinant pathway enzyme overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianan Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
| | - Nico Betterle
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
| | - Diego Hidalgo Martinez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
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24
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Simultaneous phycoremediation of petrochemical wastewater and lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA novel strategy of using microalgae Chlorella vulgaris for simultaneous bio-treatment of petrochemical wastewater and lipid production was developed in the present study. Phycoremediation was carried out in 30 days. The profile of fatty acids was identified, and the specifications of biodiesel including saponification value, iodine value, cetane number, long-chain saturated factor, cold filter plugging point, cloud point, allylic position equivalent and bis-allylic position equivalent were predicted by BiodieselAnalyzer® software. Besides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in both wastewater samples and produced lipid. The observed data showed that biodiesel from C. vulgaris was superior to petrodiesel in terms of suitability in diesel engines. Moreover, contamination of petrochemical wastewater can influence the expression of a variety of genes in algae. To investigate the effectiveness of contamination on the expression of lipid synthesis as well as three photosynthesis genes, a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify transcript levels of PsaB (photosystem I reaction center protein subunit B), psbC (an integral membrane protein component of photosystem II), and rbcL (a large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase). Furthermore, the gene expression level of accD (acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit beta, chloroplastic) was studied to discover the effect of wastewater on lipid production. The results showed that when diluted petrochemical wastewater (50%) was used as a media for C. vulgaris cultivation, these genes expression significantly increased. For 50% diluted wastewater, the maximum removal of BOD, COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphor has been 30.36%, 10.89%, 69.89%, and 92.59%, respectively.
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Kumar A. Current and Future Perspective of Microalgae for Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment and Feedstock for Biofuels Production. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wang L, Wang D, Zhang Z, Cheng S, Liu B, Wang C, Li R, Guo S. Comparative Glucose and Xylose Coutilization Efficiencies of Soil-Isolated Yeast Strains Identify Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis as a Potential Producer of Lipid. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23596-23603. [PMID: 32984679 PMCID: PMC7512434 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and xylose are the major hydrolysates of lignocellulose, and therefore, it is of great implication to identify the microbes involved in simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose. In this study, the strain ZZ-46 isolated from the soil of Nanyang, China, could simultaneously assimilate glucose and xylose efficiently to produce lipid. Upon cultivation with a 2:1 glucose/xylose mixture as the carbon source for 144 h, the cell biomass, lipid concentration, lipid content, and lipid yield of ZZ-46 reached 19.85 ± 0.39 g/L, 9.53 ± 0.60 g/L, 48.05 ± 3.51%, and 0.142 ± 0.003 g/g sugar, respectively. Moreover, C16 and C18 fatty acids were the main constituents of lipid produced by ZZ-46. In addition, ZZ-46 was identified as Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis by the morphology features and phylogenetic analyses. The strain ZZ-46 would have good perspective in practical application for converting lignocellulose into microbial lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyou Wang
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng
District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation
Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng
District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation
Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
| | - Zhili Zhang
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng
District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng
District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation
Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng
District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation
Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng
District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation
Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
| | - Ruige Li
- School
of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanyang Institute
of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
| | - Shuxian Guo
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng
District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation
Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Wancheng District, Nanyang 473004, Henan, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
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Singh J, Jain D, Agarwal P, Singh R. Auxin and cytokinin synergism augmenting biomass and lipid production in microalgae Desmodesmus sp. JS07. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Labella JI, Cantos R, Salinas P, Espinosa J, Contreras A. Distinctive Features of PipX, a Unique Signaling Protein of Cyanobacteria. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060079. [PMID: 32481703 PMCID: PMC7344720 DOI: 10.3390/life10060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PipX is a unique cyanobacterial protein identified by its ability to bind to PII and NtcA, two key regulators involved in the integration of signals of the nitrogen/carbon and energy status, with a tremendous impact on nitrogen assimilation and gene expression in cyanobacteria. PipX provides a mechanistic link between PII, the most widely distributed signaling protein, and NtcA, a global transcriptional regulator of cyanobacteria. PII, required for cell survival unless PipX is inactivated or down-regulated, functions by protein–protein interactions with transcriptional regulators, transporters, and enzymes. In addition, PipX appears to be involved in a wider signaling network, supported by the following observations: (i) PII–PipX complexes interact with PlmA, an as yet poorly characterized transcriptional regulator also restricted to cyanobacteria; (ii) the pipX gene is functionally connected with pipY, a gene encoding a universally conserved pyridoxal phosphate binding protein (PLPBP) involved in vitamin B6 and amino acid homeostasis, whose loss-of-function mutations cause B6-dependent epilepsy in humans, and (iii) pipX is part of a relatively robust, six-node synteny network that includes pipY and four additional genes that might also be functionally connected with pipX. In this overview, we propose that the study of the protein–protein interaction and synteny networks involving PipX would contribute to understanding the peculiarities and idiosyncrasy of signaling pathways that are conserved in cyanobacteria.
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Sahoo S, Mahapatra SR, Das N, Parida BK, Rath S, Misra N, Suar M. Functional elucidation of hypothetical proteins associated with lipid accumulation: Prioritizing genetic engineering targets for improved algal biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hitchcock A, Hunter CN, Canniffe DP. Progress and challenges in engineering cyanobacteria as chassis for light-driven biotechnology. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:363-367. [PMID: 31880868 PMCID: PMC7017823 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic phototrophs that, in addition to being excellent model organisms for studying photosynthesis, have tremendous potential for light‐driven synthetic biology and biotechnology. These versatile and resilient microorganisms harness the energy of sunlight to oxidise water, generating chemical energy (ATP) and reductant (NADPH) that can be used to drive sustainable synthesis of high‐value natural products in genetically modified strains. In this commentary article for the Synthetic Microbiology Caucus we discuss the great progress that has been made in engineering cyanobacterial hosts as microbial cell factories for solar‐powered biosynthesis. We focus on some of the main areas where the synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools in cyanobacteria are not as advanced as those in more widely used heterotrophic chassis, and go on to highlight key improvements that we feel are required to unlock the full power of cyanobacteria for future green biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel P Canniffe
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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