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Aghdam MS, Razavi F, Jia H. TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways manipulation for improving postharvest fruits and vegetables marketability. Food Chem 2024; 456:139987. [PMID: 38852461 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
During postharvest life, intracellular sugar insufficiency accompanied by insufficient intracellular ATP and NADPH supply, intracellular ROS overaccumulation along with intracellular ABA accumulation arising from water shortage could be responsible for accelerating fruits and vegetables deterioration through promoting SnRK1 and SnRK2 signaling pathways while preventing TOR signaling pathway. By TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways manipulation, sufficient intracellular ATP and NADPH providing, supporting phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins accumulation accompanied by improving DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS scavenging capacity by enhancing phenylpropanoid pathway activity, stimulating endogenous salicylic acid accumulation and NPR1-TGA-PRs signaling pathway, enhancing fatty acids biosynthesis, elongation and unsaturation, suppressing intracellular ROS overaccumulation, and promoting endogenous sucrose accumulation could be responsible for chilling injury palliating, fungal decay alleviating, senescence delaying and sensory and nutritional quality preservation in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways manipulation during postharvest shelf life by employing eco-friendly approaches such as exogenous trehalose and ATP application or engaging biotechnological approaches such as genome editing CRISPR-Cas9 or sprayable double-stranded RNA-based RNA interference would be applicable for improving fruits and vegetables marketability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhang Razavi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Zhou J, Zhou S, Chen B, Sangsoy K, Luengwilai K, Albornoz K, Beckles DM. Integrative analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of tomato fruit ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) induced by postharvest handling. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae095. [PMID: 38840937 PMCID: PMC11151332 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is triggered by the demethylation of key genes, which alters their transcriptional levels thereby initiating and propagating a cascade of physiological events. What is unknown is how these processes are altered when fruit are ripened using postharvest practices to extend shelf-life, as these practices often reduce fruit quality. To address this, postharvest handling-induced changes in the fruit DNA methylome and transcriptome, and how they correlate with ripening speed, and ripening indicators such as ethylene, abscisic acid, and carotenoids, were assessed. This study comprehensively connected changes in physiological events with dynamic molecular changes. Ripening fruit that reached 'Turning' (T) after dark storage at 20°C, 12.5°C, or 5°C chilling (followed by 20°C rewarming) were compared to fresh-harvest fruit 'FHT'. Fruit stored at 12.5°C had the biggest epigenetic marks and alterations in gene expression, exceeding changes induced by postharvest chilling. Fruit physiological and chronological age were uncoupled at 12.5°C, as the time-to-ripening was the longest. Fruit ripening to Turning at 12.5°C was not climacteric; there was no respiratory or ethylene burst, rather, fruit were high in abscisic acid. Clear differentiation between postharvest-ripened and 'FHT' was evident in the methylome and transcriptome. Higher expression of photosynthetic genes and chlorophyll levels in 'FHT' fruit pointed to light as influencing the molecular changes in fruit ripening. Finally, correlative analyses of the -omics data putatively identified genes regulated by DNA methylation. Collectively, these data improve our interpretation of how tomato fruit ripening patterns are altered by postharvest practices, and long-term are expected to help improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
| | - Sitian Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bixuan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
- Germains Seed Technology, 8333 Swanston Lane, Gilroy, CA 95020, USA
| | - Kamonwan Sangsoy
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Kietsuda Luengwilai
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Karin Albornoz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Coastal Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
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Wu J, Tang R, Fan K. Recent advances in postharvest technologies for reducing chilling injury symptoms of fruits and vegetables: A review. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101080. [PMID: 38162042 PMCID: PMC10753048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Low temperature storage is widely used in the storage and transportation of postharvest fruits and vegetables. However, the negative effects of chilling injury (CI) on certain fruits and vegetables cannot be ignored. Therefore, efficient CI prevention technologies were used for reducing CI. This paper expounds the mechanisms of CI, common symptoms of CI and its impacts on the quality of fruits and vegetables, and summarizes the application of CI prevention technology. CI control methods are mainly classified into physical treatments (hot shock, near-freezing storage, high relative humidity storage, light-proof storage, and electromagnetic field), chemical treatments (melatonin, 1-methylcyclopropene, astragalus polysaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid, 24-epibrassinolide, methyl jasmonate, trisodium phosphate, glycine betaine, and salicylic acid, etc.), coating treatments (sodium alginate, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose and aloe vera gel, etc.) and their combined treatments. These treatments have enhanced antioxidant activity, enzyme activity, membrane system integrity, and energy levels, thereby reducing the CI of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
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Teplitski M, Fonseca JM. Editorial overview: Biotechnologies and bioinspired approaches for reducing loss and waste of foods of plant origin. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103028. [PMID: 38061265 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge M Fonseca
- USDA ARS (US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service).
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Rodrigues M, Ordoñez-Trejo EJ, Rasori A, Varotto S, Ruperti B, Bonghi C. Dissecting postharvest chilling injuries in pome and stone fruit through integrated omics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1272986. [PMID: 38235207 PMCID: PMC10791837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lowering the storage temperature is an effective method to extend the postharvest and shelf life of fruits. Nevertheless, this technique often leads to physiological disorders, commonly known as chilling injuries. Apples and pears are susceptible to chilling injuries, among which superficial scald is the most economically relevant. Superficial scald is due to necrotic lesions of the first layers of hypodermis manifested through skin browning. In peaches and nectarines, chilling injuries are characterized by internal symptoms, such as mealiness. Fruits with these aesthetic or compositional/structural defects are not suitable for fresh consumption. Genetic variation is a key factor in determining fruit susceptibility to chilling injuries; however, physiological, or technical aspects such as harvest maturity and storage conditions also play a role. Multi-omics approaches have been used to provide an integrated explanation of chilling injury development. Metabolomics in pome fruits specifically targets the identification of ethylene, phenols, lipids, and oxidation products. Genomics and transcriptomics have revealed interesting connections with metabolomic datasets, pinpointing specific genes linked to cold stress, wax synthesis, farnesene metabolism, and the metabolic pathways of ascorbate and glutathione. When applied to Prunus species, these cutting-edge approaches have uncovered that the development of mealiness symptoms is linked to ethylene signaling, cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, cold stress genes, and increased DNA methylation levels. Emphasizing the findings from multi-omics studies, this review reports how the integration of omics datasets can provide new insights into understanding of chilling injury development. This new information is essential for successfully creating more resilient fruit varieties and developing novel postharvest strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Franzoni G, Spadafora ND, Sirangelo TM, Ferrante A, Rogers HJ. Biochemical and molecular changes in peach fruit exposed to cold stress conditions. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:24. [PMID: 37953307 PMCID: PMC10641970 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Storage or transportation temperature is very important for preserving the quality of fruit. However, low temperature in sensitive fruit such as peach can induce loss of quality. Fruit exposed to a specific range of temperatures and for a longer period can show chilling injury (CI) symptoms. The susceptibility to CI at low temperature varies among cultivars and genetic backgrounds. Along with agronomic management, appropriate postharvest management can limit quality losses. The importance of correct temperature management during postharvest handling has been widely demonstrated. Nowadays, due to long-distance markets and complex logistics that require multiple actors, the management of storage/transportation conditions is crucial for the quality of products reaching the consumer.Peach fruit exposed to low temperatures activate a suite of physiological, metabolomic, and molecular changes that attempt to counteract the negative effects of chilling stress. In this review an overview of the factors involved, and plant responses is presented and critically discussed. Physiological disorders associated with CI generally only appear after the storage/transportation, hence early detection methods are needed to monitor quality and detect internal changes which will lead to CI development. CI detection tools are assessed: they need to be easy to use, and preferably non-destructive to avoid loss of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Franzoni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Natasha Damiana Spadafora
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Maria Sirangelo
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development-Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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Begum FU, Skinner G, Smieszek SP, Budge S, Stead AD, Devlin PF. Improved chilling tolerance in glasshouse-grown potted sweet basil by end-of-production, short-duration supplementary far red light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239010. [PMID: 37662150 PMCID: PMC10468977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Sweet basil is a popular culinary herb used in many cuisines around the world and is widely grown commercially for retail as a live potted plant. However, basil is easily damaged by temperatures below 12 °C meaning plants must be transported from the grower to the retailer in a warm transport chain, adding considerable commercial cost in temperate countries. Improvement of chilling tolerance has been demonstrated in post-harvest crops such as tomato fruits and, indeed, fresh cut basil, by manipulation of the red:far red ratio of light provided to plants throughout the photoperiod and for a significant duration of the growing process in controlled environment chambers. We tested the effectiveness of periodic short-duration end-of-production supplementary far red light treatments designed for use with basil plants grown in a large scale commercial glasshouse for the live potted basil market. Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red light given at end of production induced robust tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatment, resulting in greatly reduced visual damage, and reduced physiological markers of chilling injury including electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Antioxidant levels were also maintained at higher levels in live potted basil following this cold treatment. RNAseq-based analysis of gene expression changes associated with this response pointed to increased conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars; increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids; inactivation of gibberellin signaling; and reduced expression of fatty acid desaturases, all previously associated with increased chilling tolerance in plants. Our findings offer an efficient, non-invasive approach to induce chilling tolerance in potted basil which is suitable for application in a large-scale commercial glasshouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous U. Begum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - George Skinner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra P. Smieszek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony D. Stead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F. Devlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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Sharma C, Deutsch JM. Upcycling in the context of biotechnology-based solutions for food quality, loss, and consumer perception. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102920. [PMID: 36996729 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Wasted food is the single biggest contributor to greenhouse gases. Globally, attempts are being made to both reduce surplus food and divert it into food-to-food operations. This opinion piece covers upcycling and biotechnology-mediated solutions on a technology continuum as a part of the bigger whole to solve this problem. Upcycling is an approach to divert foods that would otherwise be wasted into higher uses that would also have tangible benefits to the environment and society. Likewise, biotechnology can help farmers produce crops with longer shelf life and that satisfy cosmetic standards. Uncertainty, either in the form of food safety, technology, or neophobia in the case of upcycled foods or genes (cisgenic or transgenic) in the case of biotechnology, is a hurdle. Communication and consumer perception should be researched. Both upcycling and biotechnology can provide practical solutions, but their acceptance depends on communication strategies and consumer perception.
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Tonutti P, Brizzolara S, Beckles DM. Reducing crop losses by gene-editing control of organ developmental physiology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102925. [PMID: 37003167 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Some physiological processes in reproductive organs, if not controlled, can lead to crop loss even in the absence of environmental stress. These processes may occur pre- or post- harvest, and in diverse species and include abscission processes in cereal grain, e.g., shattering and in immature fruit, e.g., preharvest drop, preharvest sprouting of cereals, and postharvest senescence in fruit. Some of the molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants underlying these processes are now better detailed, making it possible to refine them by gene editing. Here, we discuss using advanced genomics to identify genetic determinants underlying crop physiological traits. Examples of improved phenotypes developed for preharvest problems are provided, and suggestions for reducing postharvest fruit losses by gene and promoter editing were made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Tonutti
- Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Brizzolara
- Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Yu J, Tseng Y, Pham K, Liu M, Beckles DM. Starch and sugars as determinants of postharvest shelf life and quality: some new and surprising roles. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102844. [PMID: 36410153 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starch and sugars account for most of the dry weight of horticultural crops and in many species, are known determinants of quality. However, we posit that these carbohydrates often have less-obvious roles in plant tissues with direct implications for the postharvest quality and produce shelf life. The latter has not been given as much attention, but with the recent interest in reducing the scale of postharvest waste and loss, we highlight how dynamic changes in the spatial-temporal accumulation of carbohydrates, can influence myriads of biological processes affecting postharvest attributes. Versatile roles, some surprising, that carbohydrates play in determining produce of high value to consumers, are highlighted, and gene targets for biotechnological improvement are specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yu
- SUSTech-PKU Joint Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yute Tseng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Margaret Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA.
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