1
|
Kazemifard N, Farmani M, Baradaran Ghavami S, Kazemi M, Shahrokh S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali M. A prediction of the CRNDE role by modulating NF-κB pathway in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101731. [PMID: 38766384 PMCID: PMC11101873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate multiple pathways and cellular mechanisms. Recent research has emphasized their involvement in the pathogenesis of complex diseases, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestines. The two most common types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. CRNDE lncRNA was initially detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) and found to be involved in the tumorigenesis pathways. Further studies revealed the role of CRNDE in activating inflammation and promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines. This study utilizes the RNA-seq data analysis and bioinformatics tools to clarify the role of CRNDE in the IBD pathogenesis and confirms its expression in inflamed HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines and also colonic and blood samples of UC patients and controls ex vivo. Based on our results, CRNDE was significantly upregulated in IBD samples compared to controls in RNA-seq data analysis and Real-time PCR of inflamed HT-29 cell line and colonic biopsies from UC patients. Additionally, predicted that its expression is positively correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines production. CRNDE interactions was investigated with several inflammation-related miRNAs and regulatory proteins computationally. Thus, CRNDE upregulation in the colon of IBD patients could be involved in IBD pathogenesis by promoting inflammatory pathways and targeting anti-inflammatory miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Kazemifard
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farmani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harries LW. Dysregulated RNA processing and metabolism: a new hallmark of ageing and provocation for cellular senescence. FEBS J 2023; 290:1221-1234. [PMID: 35460337 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human genome is capable of producing hundreds of thousands of different proteins and non-coding RNAs from <20 000 genes, in a co-ordinated and regulated fashion. This is achieved by a collection of phenomena known as mRNA processing and metabolism, and encompasses events in the life cycle of an RNA from synthesis to degradation. These factors are critical determinants of cellular adaptability and plasticity, which allows the cell to adjust its transcriptomic output in response to its internal and external environment. Evidence is building that dysfunctional RNA processing and metabolism may be a key contributor to the development of cellular senescence. Senescent cells by definition have exited cell cycle, but have gained functional features such as the secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a known driver of chronic disease and perhaps even ageing itself. In this review, I will outline the impact of dysregulated mRNA processing and metabolism on senescence and ageing at the level of genes, cells and systems, and describe the mechanisms by which progressive deterioration in these processes may impact senescence and organismal ageing. Finally, I will present the evidence implicating this important process as a new hallmark of ageing, which could be harnessed in the future to develop new senotherapeutic interventions for chronic disease.
Collapse
|
3
|
Emerging roles of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1077-1092. [PMID: 36113587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a group of RNA-binding proteins with important roles in multiple aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including the packaging of nascent transcripts, alternative splicing, transactivation of gene expression, and regulation of protein translation. As a core component of the hnRNP complex in mammalian cells, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNP A2B1) participates in and coordinates various molecular events. Given its regulatory role in inflammation and cancer progression, hnRNP A2B1 has become a novel player in immune response, inflammation, and cancer development. Concomitant with these new roles, a surprising number of mechanisms deemed to regulate hnRNP A2B1 functions have been identified, including post-translational modifications, changes in subcellular localization, direct interactions with multiple DNAs, RNAs, and proteins or the formation of complexes with them, which have gradually made hnRNP A2B1 a molecular target for multiple drugs. In light of the rising interest in the intersection between cancer and inflammation, this review will focus on recent knowledge of the biological roles of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer, immune response, and inflammation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu M, Wan H, Zhang X. Requirement of splicing factor hnRNP A2B1 for tumorigenesis of melanoma stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:90. [PMID: 33509274 PMCID: PMC7842053 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells play essential roles in tumorigenesis, thus forming an important target for tumor therapy. The hnRNP family proteins are important splicing factors that have been found to be associated with tumor progression. However, the influence of hnRNPs on cancer stem cells has not been extensively explored. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine gene expressions. RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to identify the RNAs interacted with hnRNP A2B1. The in vivo assays were performed in nude mice. Results In this study, the results showed that out of 19 evaluated hnRNPs, hnRNP A2B1 was significantly upregulated in melanoma stem cells compared with non-stem cells, suggesting an important role of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer stem cells. Silencing of hnRNP A2B1 triggered cell cycle arrest in G2 phase, leading to apoptosis of melanoma stem cells. The results also revealed that hnRNP A2B1 could bind to the precursor mRNAs of pro-apoptosis genes (DAPK1, SYT7, and RNF128) and anti-apoptosis genes (EIF3H, TPPP3, and DOCK2) to regulate the splicing of these 6 genes, thus promoting the expressions of anti-apoptosis genes and suppressing the expressions of pro-apoptosis genes. The in vivo data indicated that hnRNP A2B1 was required for tumorigenesis by affecting the splicing of TPPP3, DOCK2, EIF3H, RNF128, DAPK1, and SYT7, thus suppressing apoptosis of melanoma stem cells. Conclusion Our findings showed the requirement of hnRNP A2B1 for tumorigenesis, thus presenting novel molecular insights into the role of hnRNPs in cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Chu
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wan
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chandra A, Ananda H, Singh N, Qamar I. Identification of a novel and potent small molecule inhibitor of SRPK1: mechanism of dual inhibition of SRPK1 for the inhibition of cancer progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:163-180. [PMID: 33291073 PMCID: PMC7835025 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are the family of attractive enzyme targets for drug design with relevance to cancer biology. Serine arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) is responsible for the phosphorylation of serine/arginine (SR)-rich proteins. Alternative Splicing Factor/Splicing Factor 2 (ASF/SF2) involved in mRNA editing. ASF/SF2 is over expressed in many cancers and plays crucial roles in the cell survival. Phosphorylation of ASF/SF2 is decisive for its functions in cancer. In search of potential anticancer therapeutic agents for attenuating phosphorylation of ASF/SF2, we have explored specific and potential inhibitors of SRPK1 from natural and drug like compounds databases using in-silico methods. Compound ZINC02154892 (C02) was found to be the most potent inhibitor for SRPK1. In-vitro molecular and cell biology studies have shown C02 as a potent and specific inhibitor of phosphorylation of ASF/SF2 and cell survival in leukemic cell line. Structural analysis of SRPK1 with compound C02 revealed a unique pattern of binding targeting ATP binding site along with inhibiting recruitment of ASF/SF2 by SRPK1. The possibilities of compound C02 to be used as a lead compound paving way for the development of potent and specific inhibitors of SRPK1 for designing of novel potential anticancer inhibitor is inferred from the current studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Chandra
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Hanumappa Ananda
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Imteyaz Qamar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Katayama Y, Yamada T, Chihara Y, Tanaka S, Tanimura K, Okura N, Hirose K, Uda S, Shiotsu S, Hirai S, Hiranuma O, Harada T, Shimamoto T, Iwasaku M, Kaneko Y, Uchino J, Takeda T, Takayama K. Significance of inflammatory indexes in atezolizumab monotherapy outcomes in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17495. [PMID: 33060826 PMCID: PMC7566597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, including atezolizumab monotherapy, is a promising alternative strategy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several inflammatory indices have been reported as potential biomarkers regarding the effectiveness of various treatments. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of atezolizumab monotherapy using baseline inflammatory markers in NSCLC patients. We retrospectively enrolled 81 NSCLC patients who received atezolizumab monotherapy at six different medical institutions in Japan. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of the clinical variables, including inflammatory indexes, on clinical outcomes. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 60 days and 252 days, respectively. The objective response rate was 7.4%, and the disease control rate was 54.3%. Patients with high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and/or high platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), at baseline, demonstrated substantially shorter PFS and OS compared to those with a low NLR, high LMR, and/or low PLR. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that a high baseline NLR was substantially associated with short PFS and short OS. Our retrospective observations suggest that inflammatory indices may be a potential negative prognostic factor of atezolizumab monotherapy outcomes in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Katayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Chihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji, Japan
| | - Satomi Tanaka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoko Okura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Uda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shiotsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soichi Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Hiranuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Taishi Harada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Fukuchiyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwasaku
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen P, Zeng Z, Du H. Establishment and validation of a drug-target microarray for SARS-CoV-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:4-9. [PMID: 32828312 PMCID: PMC7373225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become one of the worst epidemic in the world, currently already more than four million people have been infected, which probably co-exist with human beings, and has a significant impact on the global economy and political order. In the process of fighting against the epidemic in China, the clinical value of a variety of herbal medicines has been recognized and written into the clinical application guide. However, their effective molecular mechanism and potential targets are still not clear. Pathology and pharmacology research will gradually attract attention in the post-epidemic outbreak term. Here, we constructed a COVID-19 protein microarray of potential therapy targets, which contains the main drug targets to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the anti-virus, anti-inflammatory cellar targets of the host. Series of quality controls test has been carried out, which showed that it could be applied for drug target screening of bio-active natural products. The establishment of this microarray will provide a useful tool for the study of the molecular pharmacology of natural products. This study first proposed the idea of SARS-CoV-2 specific protein target microarray. The microarray was established and validated by practical test. Network pharmacology suggest this chip has a broad application in pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zehua Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva AL, Faria M, Matos P. Inflammatory Microenvironment Modulation of Alternative Splicing in Cancer: A Way to Adapt. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:243-258. [PMID: 32130703 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and cancer has been long recognized by the medical and scientific community. In the last decades, it has returned to the forefront of clinical oncology since a wealth of knowledge has been gathered about the cells, cytokines and physiological processes that are central to both inflammation and cancer. It is now robustly established that chronic inflammation can induce certain cancers but also that solid tumors, in turn, can initiate and perpetuate local inflammatory processes that foster tumor growth and dissemination. Inflammation is the hallmark of the innate immune response to tissue damage or infection, but also mediates the activation, expansion and recruitment to the tissues of cells and antibodies of the adaptive immune system. The functional integration of both components of the immune response is crucial to identify and subdue tumor development, progression and dissemination. When this tight control goes awry, altered cells can avoid the immune surveillance and even subvert the innate immunity to promote their full oncogenic transformation. In this chapter, we make a general overview of the most recent data linking the inflammatory process to cancer. We start with the overall inflammatory cues and processes that influence the relationship between tumor and the microenvironment that surrounds it and follow the ever-increasing complexity of processes that end up producing subtle changes in the splicing of certain genes to ascertain survival advantage to cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Silva
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do CHLN-Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB-Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Márcia Faria
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do CHLN-Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Caramori G, Ruggeri P, Mumby S, Ieni A, Lo Bello F, Chimankar V, Donovan C, Andò F, Nucera F, Coppolino I, Tuccari G, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM. Molecular links between COPD and lung cancer: new targets for drug discovery? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:539-553. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1615884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vrushali Chimankar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Filippo Andò
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Ultimo, and Centenary Institute, Centre for Inflammation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ullah I, Liao Y, Wan R, Tang L, Feng J. Alternative Splicing of SMAD4 and Its Function in HaCaT Cells in Response to UVB Irradiation. J Cancer 2018; 9:3177-3186. [PMID: 30210641 PMCID: PMC6134820 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is one of the most common mechanisms of human gene regulation and plays a crucial role in increasing the diversity of functional proteins. Many diseases are linked to alternative splicing, especially cancer. SMAD4 is a member of the SMAD family and plays a critical role in mediating of TGF-β signal transduction and gene regulatory events. Smad4 is a tumour suppressor and acts as a shuttling protein between nucleus and cytoplasm. The splicing variants of Smad4 have been found in many cancers. The present study performed nested PCR to detect alternative splicing of Smad4 in HaCaT cells lines in response to UVB irradiation. The UVB induced a novel Smad4B isoform that led to decrease the Smad4 expression. The hnRNPA1 splicing factor is responsible for Smad4 alternative splicing in response to UVB. The UVB increased the expression of SF2 and hnRNPA1 Splicing factors. The hnRNPA1 overexpression induced Smad4B by regulating Smad4 alternative splicing. The Smad4B isoform supported the function of Smad4 full length in UVB resistance with certain limitation. The western blot analyses showed that the overexpressed Smad4 full length significantly increased N-cadherin expression while Smad4B overexpression decreased the expression the N-cadherin (P<0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of the isoform in HaCaT cells decreased cell invasion as compared to Smad4 full-length overexpression. These results will be helpful to understand the importance of Smad4 alternative splicing in skin tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxue Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ezegbunam W, Foronjy R. Posttranscriptional control of airway inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 9. [PMID: 29071794 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation in the lungs is a vital protective response, efficiently and swiftly eliminating inciters of tissue injury. However, in respiratory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators leads to tissue damage and impaired lung function. Although transcription is an essential first step in the induction of proinflammatory genes, tight regulation of inflammation requires more rapid, flexible responses. Increasing evidence shows that such responses are achieved by posttranscriptional mechanisms directly affecting mRNA stability and translation initiation. RNA-binding proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs interact with messenger RNA and each other to impact the stability and/or translation of mRNAs implicated in lung inflammation. Recent research has shown that these biological processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of several important pulmonary conditions. This review will highlight several posttranscriptional control mechanisms that influence lung inflammation and the known associations of derangements in these mechanisms with common respiratory diseases. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1455. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1455 This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ezegbunam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Zhu B, Zhang M, Wang X. Roles of immune microenvironment heterogeneity in therapy-associated biomarkers in lung cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
13
|
Machida Y, Sagawa M, Tanaka M, Motono N, Matsui T, Usuda K, Uramoto H. Postoperative survival According to the Glasgow Prognostic
Score in Patients with Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4677-4680. [PMID: 27892939 PMCID: PMC5454616 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.10.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) is calculated from measured CRP and albumin levels. We here evaluated the significance of the GPS in patients with resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: The present study included 156 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent lobectomy at Kanazawa Medical University between 2002 and 2012. Classification was into three groups: Those with normal albumin (>=3.5 g/dl) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (<=1.0 mg/dl) levels were classified as GPS 0 (n =136), those with low albumin (<3.5 g/dl) or elevated CRP (>1.0 mg/dl) levels as GPS 1 (n = 16), and those with low albumin (<3.5 g/dl) and elevated CRP (>1.0 mg/dl) levels as GPS 2 (n = 4). We retrospectively investigated relationships between the patient characteristics including the GPS, and disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival. Results: The pathological stages of the patients were as follows: IA (n=78, 50%), IB (n=31, 19.9%), IIA (n=20.0, 12.8%), IIB (n=9.0, 5.7%), and IIIA (n=18.0, 11.5%). Lobectomy was performed in all cases. The average GPS was 0.15 (0-2) and showed significant relationships with stage and tumor size. The 2-year survival rates in patients with GPS0, 1 and 2 were 81.4%, 38.4%, and 25.0%, respectively. Clear correlations were noted with both cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that GPS was a significant prognostic factor. Conclusions: The GPS could be a prognostic factor for patients with resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Machida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pagni F, De Sio G, Garancini M, Scardilli M, Chinello C, Smith AJ, Bono F, Leni D, Magni F. Proteomics in thyroid cytopathology: Relevance of MALDI-imaging in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions. Proteomics 2016; 16:1775-84. [PMID: 27029406 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several proteomic strategies are used extensively for the purpose of biomarker discovery and in order to obtain insights into the molecular aspects of cancers, using either body fluids or tissue as samples. Among them, MALDI-imaging can be applied to cytological thyroid specimens to investigate the molecular signatures of different pathological conditions and highlight differences in the proteome that are of relevance for diagnostic and pathogenetic research. In this study, 26 ex-vivo fine needle aspirations from benign thyroid nodules (n = 13) and papillary thyroid carcinomas (n = 13) were analyzed by MALDI-imaging. Based on the specific protein signatures capable of distinguishing the aforementioned patients, MALDI-imaging was able to correctly assign, in blind, the specimens from ten additional FNABs to a malignant or benign class, as later confirmed by the morphological classification. Moreover, some proteins presented a progressive overexpression in malignant phenotypes when compared with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hyperplastic/follicular adenoma. This data not only suggests that a MALDI-imaging based approach can be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions but also in the detection of proteins that have a possible role in the promotion of tumorigenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics, University Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Sio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics, University Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Clizia Chinello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics, University Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrew James Smith
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics, University Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Bono
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics, University Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Leni
- Department of Radiology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics, University Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu L, Chen S, Ma S, Zhang S. Glasgow prognostic score predicts prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:439. [PMID: 27104127 PMCID: PMC4828364 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), an inflammation-based scoring system, has been evaluated in various cancers. However, its clinical significance remains unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis to explore the prognostic value of GPS in NSCLC patients. METHODS A quantitative meta-analysis was performed through a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) were calculated and compared. RESULTS A total of 12 studies comprising 2669 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with GPS 0 group, patients in GPS 1-2 group exhibited a reduced OS with a pooled HR of 1.89 (95 % CI 1.57-2.27, p < 0.001; I (2) = 54 %). Six studies had sufficient data to calculate HRs of OS for GPS 1 and GPS 2 groups. Analysis revealed that GPS 2 group had a statistically significant reduced OS compared with GPS 1 group with a pooled HR of 1.87 (95 % CI 1.18-2.97, p = 0.008; I (2) = 72 %). Study type (retrospective vs. prospective) and disease stage could partially explain the heterogeneity of each study by subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION Pretreatment GPS could serve as a simple and reliable prognosis predictor for NSCLC. More well-designed studies that consider GPS as a stratification factor are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucheng Zhu
- Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China.,Hangzhou First People's Hospital, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China.,Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Chen
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China.,Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China.,Hangzhou First People's Hospital, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China.,Hangzhou First People's Hospital, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xuan Y, Wang J, Ban L, Lu JJ, Yi C, Li Z, Yu W, Li M, Xu T, Yang W, Tang Z, Tang R, Xiao X, Meng S, Chen Y, Liu Q, Huang W, Guo W, Cui X, Deng W. hnRNPA2/B1 activates cyclooxygenase-2 and promotes tumor growth in human lung cancers. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:610-24. [PMID: 26774881 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is highly expressed in tumor cells and has been regarded as a hallmarker for cancers, but the excise regulatory mechanism of COX-2 in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we pulled down and identified a novel COX-2 regulator, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1), which could specifically bind to COX-2 core promoter and regulate tumor growth in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 by shRNA or siRNA downregulated COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and suppressed tumor cell growth in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of hnRNPA2/B1 up-regulated the levels of COX-2 and PGE2 and promoted tumor cell growth. We also showed that hnRNPA2/B1 expression was positively correlated with COX-2 expression in NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues, and the up-regulated expression of hnRNPA2/B1 and COX-2 predicted worse prognosis in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the activation of COX-2 expression by hnRNPA2/B1 was mediated through the cooperation with p300, a transcriptional co-activator, in NSCLC cells. The hnRNPA2/B1 could interact with p300 directly and be acetylated by p300. Exogenous overexpression of p300, but not its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain deletion mutation, augmented the acetylation of hnRNPA2/B1 and enhanced its binding on COX-2 promoter, thereby promoted COX-2 expression and lung cancer cell growth. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hnRNPA2/B1 promotes tumor cell growth by activating COX-2 signaling in NSCLC cells and imply that the hnRNPA2/B1/COX-2 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for human lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xuan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liying Ban
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Canhui Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhenglin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wendan Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Ranran Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiangsheng Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Songshu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yiming Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
| | - Xiaonan Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gu Y, Chen T, Li G, Yu X, Lu Y, Wang H, Teng L. LncRNAs: emerging biomarkers in gastric cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2427-41. [PMID: 26289363 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) recently have been recognized as having a critical role in cancer development and progression. Gastric cancer remains a major clinical challenge worldwide owing to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs may play an active role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis and drug resistance of gastric cancer. Here, we collect recent knowledge to show differential expression of lncRNA in gastric cancer and their underlying mechanism of activities in gastric cancer involved in epigenetic, transcription and post-transcriptional processing. This review focuses on the regulation and function of gastric cancer-related lncRNAs and provides an overview of current effects to exploit them to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, 79, Qingchun Road, Zhejiang Province, China.,Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, 79, Qingchun Road, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yimin Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, 79, Qingchun Road, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, 79, Qingchun Road, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, 79, Qingchun Road, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Deregulated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of tumours. Potential molecular mechanism(s) that drive the establishment of an inflammatory-tumour microenvironment is not entirely understood owing to the complex cross-talk between pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, oncogenes, enzymes, transcription factors and immune cells. These molecular mediators are critical linchpins between inflammation and cancer, and their activation and/or deactivation are influenced by both extrinsic (i.e. environmental and lifestyle) and intrinsic (i.e. hereditary) factors. At present, the research pertaining to inflammation-associated cancers is accumulating at an exponential rate. Interest stems from hope that new therapeutic strategies against molecular mediators can be identified to assist in cancer treatment and patient management. The present review outlines the various molecular and cellular inflammatory mediators responsible for tumour initiation, progression and development, and discusses the critical role of chronic inflammation in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Panganiban RP, Vonakis BM, Ishmael FT, Stellato C. Coordinated post-transcriptional regulation of the chemokine system: messages from CCL2. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:255-66. [PMID: 24697203 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular cross-talk between epithelium and immune cells in the airway mucosa is a key regulator of homeostatic immune surveillance and is crucially involved in the development of chronic lung inflammatory diseases. The patterns of gene expression that follow the sensitization process occurring in allergic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis and those present in the neutrophilic response of other chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are tightly regulated in their specificity. Studies exploring the global transcript profiles associated with determinants of post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTR) such as RNA-binding proteins (RBP) and microRNAs identified several of these factors as being crucially involved in controlling the expression of chemokines upon airway epithelial cell stimulation with cytokines prototypic of Th1- or Th2-driven responses. These studies also uncovered the participation of these pathways to glucocorticoids' inhibitory effect on the epithelial chemokine network. Unmasking the molecular mechanisms of chemokine PTR may likely uncover novel therapeutic strategies for the blockade of proinflammatory pathways that are pathogenetic for asthma, COPD, and other lung inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo P Panganiban
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chung BM, Arutyunov A, Ilagan E, Yao N, Wills-Karp M, Coulombe PA. Regulation of C-X-C chemokine gene expression by keratin 17 and hnRNP K in skin tumor keratinocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:613-27. [PMID: 25713416 PMCID: PMC4347647 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201408026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between K17 and hnRNP K regulates CXCR3 signaling in an RSK-dependent fashion to promote epithelial tumor cell growth and invasion. High levels of the intermediate filament keratin 17 (K17) correlate with a poor prognosis for several types of epithelial tumors. However, the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms remain undefined. A recent study suggested that K17 promotes skin tumorigenesis by fostering a specific type of inflammation. We report here that K17 interacts with the RNA-binding protein hnRNP K, which has also been implicated in cancer. K17 is required for the cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP K and for its role in regulating the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Among these are the CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, which together form a signaling axis with an established role in tumorigenesis. The K17–hnRNP K partnership is regulated by the ser/thr kinase RSK and required for CXCR3-dependent tumor cell growth and invasion. These findings functionally integrate K17, hnRNP K, and gene expression along with RSK and CXCR3 signaling in a keratinocyte-autonomous axis and provide a potential basis for their implication in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Min Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205
| | - Artem Arutyunov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205
| | - Erika Ilagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205
| | - Nu Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205
| | - Marsha Wills-Karp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Higashi T, Mai Y, Noya Y, Horinouchi T, Terada K, Hoshi A, Nepal P, Harada T, Horiguchi M, Hatate C, Kuge Y, Miwa S. A simple and rapid method for standard preparation of gas phase extract of cigarette smoke. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107856. [PMID: 25229830 PMCID: PMC4168273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke consists of tar and gas phase: the latter is toxicologically important because it can pass through lung alveolar epithelium to enter the circulation. Here we attempt to establish a standard method for preparation of gas phase extract of cigarette smoke (CSE). CSE was prepared by continuously sucking cigarette smoke through a Cambridge filter to remove tar, followed by bubbling it into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). An increase in dry weight of the filter was defined as tar weight. Characteristically, concentrations of CSEs were represented as virtual tar concentrations, assuming that tar on the filter was dissolved in PBS. CSEs prepared from smaller numbers of cigarettes (original tar concentrations ≤ 15 mg/ml) showed similar concentration-response curves for cytotoxicity versus virtual tar concentrations, but with CSEs from larger numbers (tar ≥ 20 mg/ml), the curves were shifted rightward. Accordingly, the cytotoxic activity was detected in PBS of the second reservoir downstream of the first one with larger numbers of cigarettes. CSEs prepared from various cigarette brands showed comparable concentration-response curves for cytotoxicity. Two types of CSEs prepared by continuous and puff smoking protocols were similar regarding concentration-response curves for cytotoxicity, pharmacology of their cytotoxicity, and concentrations of cytotoxic compounds. These data show that concentrations of CSEs expressed by virtual tar concentrations can be a reference value to normalize their cytotoxicity, irrespective of numbers of combusted cigarettes, cigarette brands and smoking protocols, if original tar concentrations are ≤15 mg/ml.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehito Higashi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi Noya
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horinouchi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Terada
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hoshi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Prabha Nepal
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuya Harada
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mika Horiguchi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chizuru Hatate
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Soichi Miwa
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
MALAT1 promotes cell proliferation in gastric cancer by recruiting SF2/ASF. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:557-64. [PMID: 24857172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. MALAT1 is a kind of lncRNA that had been validated as a pivotal metastasis and prognosis mark in lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we found that MALAT1 was aberrantly highly expressed in GC cell lines (SGC-7901, MKN-45 and SUN-16), and induced specific distribution and over-expression of SF2/ASF in nucleolus. Knock-down of MALAT1 or SF2/ASF in SGC-7901 cells respectively induced significant arrest of cell cycle in G0/G1 phase along with a remarkable suppression of cell proliferation, and the nuclear distribution and expression of SF2/ASF was significantly impaired when MALAT1 was depleted. However, over-expression of SF2/ASF exhibited no effect on rescuing the cell proliferation suppression by MALAT1 depletion. These results suggest that MALAT1 may function as a promoter of GC cell proliferation partly by regulating SF2/ASF, and our findings may provide us a likely biomarker and a potential target for GC diagnosis and therapeutic treatment.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gong WY, Wu JF, Liu BJ, Zhang HY, Cao YX, Sun J, Lv YB, Wu X, Dong JC. Flavonoid components in Scutellaria baicalensis inhibit nicotine-induced proliferation, metastasis and lung cancer-associated inflammation in vitro. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1561-70. [PMID: 24604573 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of flavonoid components in Scutellaria baicalensis on proliferation, metastasis and lung cancer-associated inflammation during nicotine induction in the A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines. After experimental period, augmentation of proliferation was observed, accompanied by marked decrease in apoptotic cells in nicotine-induced lung cancer cells; additionally, nicotine-exposed cells exhibited increased invasive and migratory abilities based on invasion and wound-healing assay. Flavones in Scutellaria, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin significantly counteracted the above deleterious changes. Moreover, assessment of tumor apoptotic and metastatic factors on mRNA levels by quantitative PCR and protein levels by western blotting revealed that these phytochemical treatments effectively negated nicotine-induced upregulated expression of bcl-2, bcl-2/bax ratio, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 as well as downregulated expression of bax. Further analysis of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in cell culture supernatant and mRNA and protein expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and I kappa B-alpha (IκB-α) was carried out to substantiate the anti-inflammatory effect of flavones in Scutellaria in nicotine-exposed lung cancer cells. The therapeutic effects observed in the present study are attributed to the potent potential against proliferation, metastasis and inflammatory microenvironment by flavonoid components in Scutellaria in nicotine-induced lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Gong
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Wu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Jun Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xue Cao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Lv
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo R, Li Y, Ning J, Sun D, Lin L, Liu X. HnRNP A1/A2 and SF2/ASF regulate alternative splicing of interferon regulatory factor-3 and affect immunomodulatory functions in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62729. [PMID: 23658645 PMCID: PMC3639176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticule A1/A2 (hnRNP A1/A2) and splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor (SF2/ASF) are pivotal for precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. Interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) plays critical roles in host defense against viral and microbial infection. Truncated IRF-3 proteins resulting from alternative splicing have been identified and characterized as functional antagonists to full-length IRF-3. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism for splicing regulation of IRF-3 pre-mRNA and first reported the regulatory effect of hnRNP A1/A2 and SF2/ASF on IRF-3 splicing and activation. RNA interference-mediated depletion of hnRNP A1/A2 or SF2/ASF in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells increased exclusion of exons 2 and 3 of IRF-3 gene and reduced expression levels of IRF-3 protein and IRF-3 downstream effector molecules interferon-beta and CXCL10/IP-10. In addition, direct binding of hnRNP A1 and SF2/ASF to specific binding motifs in IRF-3 intron 1 was confirmed by RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subsequent minigene splicing assay showed that IRF-3 minigenes with mutated hnRNPA 1/A2 or SF2/ASF binding motifs increased exclusion of exons 2 and 3. Moreover, knockdown of hnRNP A1/A2 or SF2/ASF in NSCLC cells reinforced phytohemagglutinin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but suppressed that of interleukin-10 in NSCLC/PBMC co-cultures. Taken together, our results suggest that specific knockdown for hnRNP A1/A2 or SF2/ASF increase exclusion of exons 2 and 3 of IRF-3 pre-mRNA and influence immunomodulatory functions of human NSCLC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Ning
- Department of Cell Biology, Crown Bioscience Incorporation (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang J, Huang SH, Li H, Li Y, Chen XL, Zhang WQ, Chen HG, Gu LJ. Preoperative lymphocyte count is a favorable prognostic factor of disease-free survival in non-small-cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2012; 30:352. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
26
|
Peters JM, Foreman JE, Gonzalez FJ. Dissecting the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in colon, breast, and lung carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 30:619-40. [PMID: 22037942 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is a promising drug target since its agonists increase serum high-density lipoprotein; decrease low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and insulin associated with metabolic syndrome; improve insulin sensitivity; and decrease high fat diet-induced obesity. PPARβ/δ agonists also promote terminal differentiation and elicit anti-inflammatory activities in many cell types. However, it remains to be determined whether PPARβ/δ agonists can be developed as therapeutics because there are reports showing either pro- or anti-carcinogenic effects of PPARβ/δ in cancer models. This review examines studies reporting the role of PPARβ/δ in colon, breast, and lung cancers. The prevailing evidence would suggest that targeting PPARβ/δ is not only safe but could have anti-carcinogenic protective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Incidence, treatment options, and outcomes of lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012; 18:131-7. [PMID: 22262137 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e32834f2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An associative and mechanistic link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer has long been suspected. This review describes the current understanding of the incidence, mechanism of association, treatment options, and outcome for lung cancer with COPD. RECENT FINDINGS COPD patients have an increased risk of lung cancer that is independent of smoking. New evidence suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the severity of airflow obstruction and the risk of lung cancer. Chronic inflammation associated with COPD may play a role in the development of lung cancer, and targeting airway inflammation with inhaled corticosteroids has been suggested as a possible preventive strategy. Although surgical lobectomy remains the standard of care for early stage lung cancer, less invasive approaches such as sublobar resection, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and radiofrequency ablation are promising techniques for patients with limited pulmonary reserve. SUMMARY Progress is being made in identifying mechanistic links between COPD and lung cancer, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for both disorders. Patients with COPD are likely to benefit from less-invasive surgical and nonsurgical treatment strategies for lung cancer, but further study is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these procedures.
Collapse
|
28
|
Asano H, Horinouchi T, Mai Y, Sawada O, Fujii S, Nishiya T, Minami M, Katayama T, Iwanaga T, Terada K, Miwa S. Nicotine- and tar-free cigarette smoke induces cell damage through reactive oxygen species newly generated by PKC-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:275-87. [PMID: 22302021 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11166fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined cytotoxic effects of nicotine/tar-free cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on C6 glioma cells. The CSE induced plasma membrane damage (determined by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and propidium iodide uptake) and cell apoptosis {determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] reduction activity and DNA fragmentation}. The cytotoxic activity decayed with a half-life of approximately 2 h at 37°C, and it was abolished by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and reduced glutathione. The membrane damage was prevented by catalase and edaravone (a scavenger of (•)OH) but not by superoxide dismutase, indicating involvement of (•)OH. In contrast, the CSE-induced cell apoptosis was resistant to edaravone and induced by authentic H(2)O(2) or O(2)(-) generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, indicating involvement of H(2)O(2) or O(2)(-) in cell apoptosis. Diphenyleneiodonium [NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor] and bisindolylmaleimide I [BIS I, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor] abolished membrane damage, whereas they partially inhibited apoptosis. These results demonstrate that 1) a stable component(s) in the CSE activates PKC, which stimulates NOX to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing membrane damage and apoptosis; 2) different ROS are responsible for membrane damage and apoptosis; and 3) part of the apoptosis is caused by oxidants independently of PKC and NOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asano
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cho WC, Kwan CK, Yau S, So PP, Poon PC, Au JS. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:1127-37. [PMID: 21751938 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.599801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is reported that cancer may arise in chronically inflamed tissue. There is mounting evidence suggesting that the connection between inflammation and lung cancer is not coincidental but may indeed be causal. The inflammatory molecules may be responsible for augmented macrophage recruitment, delayed neutrophil clearance and an increase in reactive oxygen species. The cytokines and growth factors unusually produced in chronic pulmonary disorders have been found to have harmful properties that pave the way for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor microenvironment. However, the role of inflammation in lung cancer is not yet fully understood. AREAS COVERED The role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and some of the possible mechanisms involved, with particular focus on inflammatory mediators, genetic and epigenetic alterations, inflammatory markers, tumor microenvironment and anti-inflammatory drugs are discussed. A framework for understanding the connection between inflammation and lung cancer is provided, which may afford the opportunity to intercede in specific inflammatory damage mediating lung carcinogenesis and therapeutic resistance. EXPERT OPINION Advances in tumor immunology support the clinical implementation of immunotherapies for lung cancer. Along with therapeutic benefits, immunotherapy presents the challenges of drug-related toxicities. Gene modification of immunocytokine may lower the associated toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Cs Cho
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Clinical Oncology, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Caramori G, Casolari P, Cavallesco GN, Giuffrè S, Adcock I, Papi A. Mechanisms involved in lung cancer development in COPD. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1030-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Sha Y, Marshall HE. S-nitrosylation in the regulation of gene transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:701-11. [PMID: 21640163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modification of proteins by S-nitrosylation serves as a major mode of signaling in mammalian cells and a growing body of evidence has shown that transcription factors and their activating pathways are primary targets. S-nitrosylation directly modifies a number of transcription factors, including NF-κB, HIF-1, and AP-1. In addition, S-nitrosylation can indirectly regulate gene transcription by modulating other cell signaling pathways, in particular JNK kinase and ras. SCOPE OF REVIEW The evolution of S-nitrosylation as a signaling mechanism in the regulation of gene transcription, physiological advantages of protein S-nitrosylation in the control of gene transcription, and discussion of the many transcriptional proteins modulated by S-nitrosylation is summarized. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS S-nitrosylation plays a crucial role in the control of mammalian gene transcription with numerous transcription factors regulated by this modification. Many of these proteins serve as immunomodulators, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is regarded as a principal mediatiator of NO-dependent S-nitrosylation. However, additional targets within the nucleus (e.g. histone deacetylases) and alternative mechanisms of S-nitrosylation (e.g. GAPDH-mediated trans-nitrosylation) are thought to play a role in NOS-dependent transcriptional regulation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Derangement of SNO-regulated gene transcription is an important factor in a variety of pathological conditions including neoplasia and sepsis. A better understanding of protein S-nitrosylation as it relates to gene transcription and the physiological mechanisms behind this process is likely to lead to novel therapies for these disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Regulation of Cellular Processes by S-nitrosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Sha
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Adcock IM, Caramori G, Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: new molecular insights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 81:265-84. [PMID: 21430413 DOI: 10.1159/000324601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are major causes of death worldwide. In most cases this reflects cigarette smoke exposure which is able to induce an inflammatory response in the airways of smokers. Indeed, COPD is characterized by lower airway inflammation, and importantly, the presence of COPD is by far the greatest risk factor for lung cancer amongst smokers. Cigarette smoke induces the release of many inflammatory mediators and growth factors including TGF-β, EGFR, IL-1, IL-8 and G-CSF through oxidative stress pathways and this inflammation may persist for decades after smoking cessation. Mucus production is also increased by these inflammatory mediators, further linking airway inflammation to an important mechanism of lung cancer. A greater understanding of the molecular and cellular pathobiology that distinguishes smokers with lung cancer from smokers with and without COPD is needed to unravel the complex molecular interactions between COPD and lung cancer. By understanding the common signalling pathways involved in COPD and lung cancer the hope is that treatments will be developed that not only treat the underlying disease process in COPD, but also reduce the currently high risk of developing lung cancer in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang IA, Relan V, Wright CM, Davidson MR, Sriram KB, Savarimuthu Francis SM, Clarke BE, Duhig EE, Bowman RV, Fong KM. Common pathogenic mechanisms and pathways in the development of COPD and lung cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:439-56. [PMID: 21284573 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.555400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer and COPD commonly coexist in smokers, and the presence of COPD increases the risk of developing lung cancer. In addition to smoking cessation and preventing smoking initiation, understanding the shared mechanisms of these smoking-related lung diseases is critical, in order to develop new methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and COPD. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the common mechanisms for susceptibility to lung cancer and COPD, which in addition to cigarette smoke, may involve inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, abnormal repair, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying genomic and epigenomic changes (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variation, promoter hypermethylation and microRNAs) that are likely to alter biological pathways, leading to susceptibility to lung cancer and COPD (e.g., altered nicotine receptor biology). EXPERT OPINION Strategies to study genomics, epigenomics and gene-environment interaction will yield greater insight into the shared pathogenesis of lung cancer and COPD, leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Yang
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Thoracic Research Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tomita M, Shimizu T, Ayabe T, Onitsuka T. Persistently High Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio after Surgery Indicate Poor Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4993/acrt.19.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Burkhead JL, Ralle M, Wilmarth P, David L, Lutsenko S. Elevated copper remodels hepatic RNA processing machinery in the mouse model of Wilson's disease. J Mol Biol 2010; 406:44-58. [PMID: 21146535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Copper is essential to mammalian physiology, and its homeostasis is tightly regulated. In humans, genetic defects in copper excretion result in copper overload and Wilson's disease (WD). Previous studies on the mouse model for WD (Atp7b(-)(/-)) revealed copper accumulation in hepatic nuclei and specific changes in mRNA profile prior to the onset of pathology. To find a molecular link between nuclear copper elevation and changes in hepatic transcriptome, we utilized quantitative ionomic and proteomic approaches. X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis indicate that copper in the Atp7b(-/-) nucleus, while highly elevated, does not markedly alter nuclear ion content. Widespread protein oxidation is also not observed, although the glutathione reductase SelH is upregulated, likely to maintain redox balance. We further demonstrate that accumulating copper affects the abundance and/or modification of a distinct subset of nuclear proteins. These proteins populate pathways that are most significantly associated with RNA processing. An alteration in splicing pattern was observed for hnRNP A2/B1, itself the RNA shuttling factor and spliceosome component. Analysis of hnRNP A2/B1 mRNA and protein revealed an increased retention of exon 2 and a selective 2-fold upregulation of a corresponding protein splice variant. Mass spectrometry measurements suggest that the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of RNA binding proteins, including hnRNP A2/B1, is altered in the Atp7b(-/-) liver. We conclude that remodeling of the RNA processing machinery is an important component of cell response to elevated copper that may guide pathology development in the early stages of WD.
Collapse
|