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Rojo MD, Bandyopadhyay I, Burke CM, Sturtz AD, Phillips ES, Matherne MG, Embrey SJ, LaRue R, Qiu Y, Schwertfeger KL, Machado HL. C/EBPβ deletion in macrophages impairs mammary gland alveolar budding during the estrous cycle. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302516. [PMID: 39025525 PMCID: PMC11258408 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have important roles in mammary gland development and tissue homeostasis, but the specific mechanisms that regulate macrophage function need further elucidation. We have identified C/EBPβ as an important transcription factor expressed by multiple macrophage populations in the normal mammary gland. Mammary glands from mice with C/EBPβ-deficient macrophages (Cebpb ΔM) show a significant decrease in alveolar budding during the diestrus stage of the reproductive cycle, whereas branching morphogenesis remains unchanged. Defects in alveolar budding were found to be the result of both systemic hormones and local macrophage-directed signals. RNA sequencing shows significant changes in PR-responsive genes and alterations in the Wnt landscape of mammary epithelial cells of Cebpb ΔM mice, which regulate stem cell expansion during diestrus. Cebpb ΔM macrophages demonstrate a shift from a pro-inflammatory to a tissue-reparative phenotype, and exhibit increased phagocytic capacity as compared to WT. Finally, Cebpb ΔM macrophages down-regulate Notch2 and Notch3, which normally promote stem cell expansion during alveolar budding. These results suggest that C/EBPβ is an important macrophage factor that facilitates macrophage-epithelial crosstalk during a key stage of mammary gland tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Rojo
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ishitri Bandyopadhyay
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Burke
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexa D Sturtz
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emily S Phillips
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Megan G Matherne
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samuel J Embrey
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca LaRue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yinjie Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather L Machado
- https://ror.org/04vmvtb21 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Deng M, Qiu Z, Liu C, Zhong L, Fan X, Han Y, Wang R, Li P, Huang R, Zhao Q. Genome-wide association analysis revealed new QTL and candidate genes affecting the teat number in Dutch Large White pigs. Anim Genet 2024; 55:206-216. [PMID: 38191772 DOI: 10.1111/age.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Teat number (TNUM) is an important reproductive trait of sows, which affects the weaning survival rate of piglets. In this study, 1166 Dutch Large White pigs with TNUM phenotype were used as the research object. These pigs were genotyped by 50K SNP chip and the chip data were further imputed to the resequencing level. The estimated heritabilities of left teat number (LTN), right teat number (RTN) and total teat number (TTN) were 0.21, 0.19 and 0.3, respectively. Based on chip data, significant SNPs for RTN on SSC2, SSC5, SSC9 and SSC13 were identified using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). Significant SNPs for TTN were identified on SSC2, SSC5 and SSC7. Based on imputed data, the GWAS identified a significant SNP (rs329158522) for LTN on SSC17, two significant SNPs (rs342855242 and rs80813115) for RTN on SSC2 and SSC9, and two significant SNPs (rs327003548 and rs326943811) for TTN on SSC5 and SSC6. Among them, four novel QTL were discovered. The Bayesian fine-mapping method was used to fine map the QTL identified in the GWAS of the imputed data, and the confidence intervals of QTL affecting LTN (SSC17: 45.22-46.20 Mb), RTN (SSC9: 122.18-122.80 Mb) and TTN (SSC5: 14.01-15.91 Mb, SSC6: 120.06-121.25 Mb) were detected. A total of 52 candidate genes were obtained. Furthermore, we identified five candidate genes, WNT10B, AQP5, FMNL3, NUAK1 and CKAP4, for the first time, which involved in breast development and other related functions by gene annotation. Overall, this study provides new molecular markers for the breeding of teat number in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michao Deng
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijian Qiu
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijing Zhong
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Fan
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuquan Han
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Qingbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Chatziparasidis G, Bush A, Chatziparasidi MR, Kantar A. Airway epithelial development and function: A key player in asthma pathogenesis? Paediatr Respir Rev 2023; 47:51-61. [PMID: 37330410 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Though asthma is a common and relatively easy to diagnose disease, attempts at primary or secondary prevention, and cure, have been disappointing. The widespread use of inhaled steroids has dramatically improved asthma control but has offered nothing in terms of altering long-term outcomes or reversing airway remodeling and impairment in lung function. The inability to cure asthma is unsurprising given our limited understanding of the factors that contribute to disease initiation and persistence. New data have focused on the airway epithelium as a potentially key factor orchestrating the different stages of asthma. In this review we summarize for the clinician the current evidence on the central role of the airway epithelium in asthma pathogenesis and the factors that may alter epithelial integrity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Chatziparasidis
- Paediatric Respiratory Unit, IASO Hospital, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Faculty of Nursing, Thessaly University, Greece.
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Instituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Bergamo, Italy
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Ahmad W, Panicker NG, Akhlaq S, Gull B, Baby J, Khader TA, Rizvi TA, Mustafa F. Global Down-regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) in Normal Mammary Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051110. [PMID: 37243196 DOI: 10.3390/v15051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a betaretrovirus that causes breast cancer in mice. The mouse mammary epithelial cells are the most permissive cells for MMTV, expressing the highest levels of virus upon infection and being the ones later transformed by the virus due to repeated rounds of infection/superinfection and integration, leading eventually to mammary tumors. The aim of this study was to identify genes and molecular pathways dysregulated by MMTV expression in mammary epithelial cells. Towards this end, mRNAseq was performed on normal mouse mammary epithelial cells stably expressing MMTV, and expression of host genes was analyzed compared with cells in its absence. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were grouped on the basis of gene ontology and relevant molecular pathways. Bioinformatics analysis identified 12 hub genes, of which 4 were up-regulated (Angp2, Ccl2, Icam, and Myc) and 8 were down-regulated (Acta2, Cd34, Col1a1, Col1a2, Cxcl12, Eln, Igf1, and Itgam) upon MMTV expression. Further screening of these DEGs showed their involvement in many diseases, especially in breast cancer progression when compared with available data. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified 31 molecular pathways dysregulated upon MMTV expression, amongst which the PI3-AKT-mTOR was observed to be the central pathway down-regulated by MMTV. Many of the DEGs and 6 of the 12 hub genes identified in this study showed expression profile similar to that observed in the PyMT mouse model of breast cancer, especially during tumor progression. Interestingly, a global down-regulation of gene expression was observed, where nearly 74% of the DEGs in HC11 cells were repressed by MMTV expression, an observation similar to what was observed in the PyMT mouse model during tumor progression, from hyperplasia to adenoma to early and late carcinomas. Comparison of our results with the Wnt1 mouse model revealed further insights into how MMTV expression could lead to activation of the Wnt1 pathway independent of insertional mutagenesis. Thus, the key pathways, DEGs, and hub genes identified in this study can provide important clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in MMTV replication, escape from cellular anti-viral response, and potential to cause cell transformation. These data also validate the use of the MMTV-infected HC11 cells as an important model to study early transcriptional changes that could lead to mammary cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neena G Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaima Akhlaq
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bushra Gull
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Baby
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thanumol A Khader
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences (ZCHS), UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Research Institute in Precision Medicine, Abu Dhabi, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences (ZCHS), UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Spina E, Simundza J, Incassati A, Chandramouli A, Kugler MC, Lin Z, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Watson CJ, Cowin P. Gpr125 is a unifying hallmark of multiple mammary progenitors coupled to tumor latency. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1421. [PMID: 35302059 PMCID: PMC8931046 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gpr125 is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, with homology to cell adhesion and axonal guidance factors, that is implicated in planar polarity and control of cell movements. By lineage tracing we demonstrate that Gpr125 is a highly specific marker of bipotent mammary stem cells in the embryo and of multiple long-lived unipotent basal mammary progenitors in perinatal and postnatal glands. Nipple-proximal Gpr125+ cells express a transcriptomic profile indicative of chemo-repulsion and cell movement, whereas Gpr125+ cells concentrated at invasive ductal tips display a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and are equipped to bind chemokine and growth factors and secrete a promigratory matrix. Gpr125 progenitors acquire bipotency in the context of transplantation and cancer and are greatly expanded and massed at the pushing margins of short latency MMTV-Wnt1 tumors. High Gpr125 expression identifies patients with particularly poor outcome within the basal breast cancer subtype highlighting its potential utility as a factor to stratify risk. Gpr125 has emerged as a specific marker of mammary stem cells and basal progenitors. Here they show that Gpr125 cells congregate at ductal tips during morphogenesis and amass at tumor margins, and that high Gpr125 predicts early tumor onset and poor outcome in basal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Spina
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Julia Simundza
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Angela Incassati
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Anupama Chandramouli
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Matthias C Kugler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela Cowin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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6
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Melatonin and the Programming of Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041971. [PMID: 35216086 PMCID: PMC8879213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin interacts with various types of stem cells, in multiple ways that comprise stimulation of proliferation, maintenance of stemness and self-renewal, protection of survival, and programming toward functionally different cell lineages. These various properties are frequently intertwined but may not be always jointly present. Melatonin typically stimulates proliferation and transition to the mature cell type. For all sufficiently studied stem or progenitor cells, melatonin’s signaling pathways leading to expression of respective morphogenetic factors are discussed. The focus of this article will be laid on the aspect of programming, particularly in pluripotent cells. This is especially but not exclusively the case in neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Concerning developmental bifurcations, decisions are not exclusively made by melatonin alone. In MSCs, melatonin promotes adipogenesis in a Wnt (Wingless-Integration-1)-independent mode, but chondrogenesis and osteogenesis Wnt-dependently. Melatonin upregulates Wnt, but not in the adipogenic lineage. This decision seems to depend on microenvironment and epigenetic memory. The decision for chondrogenesis instead of osteogenesis, both being Wnt-dependent, seems to involve fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Stem cell-specific differences in melatonin and Wnt receptors, and contributions of transcription factors and noncoding RNAs are outlined, as well as possibilities and the medical importance of re-programming for transdifferentiation.
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7
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Schachter NF, Adams JR, Skowron P, Kozma KJ, Lee CA, Raghuram N, Yang J, Loch AJ, Wang W, Kucharczuk A, Wright KL, Quintana RM, An Y, Dotzko D, Gorman JL, Wojtal D, Shah JS, Leon-Gomez P, Pellecchia G, Dupuy AJ, Perou CM, Ben-Porath I, Karni R, Zacksenhaus E, Woodgett JR, Done SJ, Garzia L, Sorana Morrissy A, Reimand J, Taylor MD, Egan SE. Single allele loss-of-function mutations select and sculpt conditional cooperative networks in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5238. [PMID: 34475389 PMCID: PMC8413298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common events in breast cancer (BC) involve chromosome arm losses and gains. Here we describe identification of 1089 gene-centric common insertion sites (gCIS) from transposon-based screens in 8 mouse models of BC. Some gCIS are driver-specific, others driver non-specific, and still others associated with tumor histology. Processes affected by driver-specific and histology-specific mutations include well-known cancer pathways. Driver non-specific gCIS target the Mediator complex, Ca++ signaling, Cyclin D turnover, RNA-metabolism among other processes. Most gCIS show single allele disruption and many map to genomic regions showing high-frequency hemizygous loss in human BC. Two gCIS, Nf1 and Trps1, show synthetic haploinsufficient tumor suppressor activity. Many gCIS act on the same pathway responsible for tumor initiation, thereby selecting and sculpting just enough and just right signaling. These data highlight ~1000 genes with predicted conditional haploinsufficient tumor suppressor function and the potential to promote chromosome arm loss in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan F Schachter
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn J Kozma
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian A Lee
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nandini Raghuram
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Yang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Kucharczuk
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine L Wright
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita M Quintana
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Natera, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yeji An
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Dotzko
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Gorman
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daria Wojtal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juhi S Shah
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Leon-Gomez
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ittai Ben-Porath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rotem Karni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim R Woodgett
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan J Done
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Liang W, Chen X, Zhang S, Fang J, Chen M, Xu Y, Chen X. Mesenchymal stem cells as a double-edged sword in tumor growth: focusing on MSC-derived cytokines. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:3. [PMID: 33472580 PMCID: PMC7818947 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show homing capacity towards tumor sites. Numerous reports indicate that they are involved in multiple tumor-promoting processes through several mechanisms, including immunosuppression; stimulation of angiogenesis; transition to cancer-associated fibroblasts; inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis; induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); and increase metastasis and chemoresistance. However, other studies have shown that MSCs suppress tumor growth by suppressing angiogenesis, incrementing inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting the AKT and Wnt signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the supportive and suppressive impacts of MSCs on tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss MSC-based therapeutic strategies for cancer based on their potential for homing to tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Fang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meikai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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9
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van de Grift YBC, Heijmans N, van Amerongen R. How to Use Online Tools to Generate New Hypotheses for Mammary Gland Biology Research: A Case Study for Wnt7b. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:319-335. [PMID: 33625717 PMCID: PMC7960620 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of '-omics' datasets, generated by labs all across the world, are becoming available. They contain a wealth of data that are largely unexplored. Not every scientist, however, will have access to the required resources and expertise to analyze such data from scratch. Fortunately, a growing number of investigators is dedicating their time and effort to the development of user friendly, online applications that allow researchers to use and investigate these datasets. Here, we will illustrate the usefulness of such an approach. Using regulation of Wnt7b expression as an example, we will highlight a selection of accessible tools and resources that are available to researchers in the area of mammary gland biology. We show how they can be used for in silico analyses of gene regulatory mechanisms, resulting in new hypotheses and providing leads for experimental follow up. We also call out to the mammary gland community to join forces in a coordinated effort to generate and share additional tissue-specific '-omics' datasets and thereby expand the in silico toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Bernardus Cornelis van de Grift
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nika Heijmans
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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10
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Chen B, Ye P, Chen Y, Liu T, Cha JH, Yan X, Yang WH. Involvement of the Estrogen and Progesterone Axis in Cancer Stemness: Elucidating Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Significance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1657. [PMID: 33014829 PMCID: PMC7498570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone regulate the growth and development of human tissues, including the reproductive system and breasts, through estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. These receptors are also important indicators for the clinical prognosis of breast cancer and various reproductive cancers. Many studies have reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Although the role of estrogen and progesterone in human organs and various cancers has been studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of these hormones on CSCs remain unclear. Therefore, further elucidation of the effects of estrogen and progesterone on CSCs should provide a new direction for developing pertinent therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the estrogen and progesterone axis involved in cancer stemness and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to inhibit CSCs by targeting relevant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,The Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Tocci JM, Felcher CM, García Solá ME, Kordon EC. R-spondin-mediated WNT signaling potentiation in mammary and breast cancer development. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1546-1559. [PMID: 32233118 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a secretory organ, which develops as a network of growing epithelial ducts composed of luminal and basal cells that invade the surrounding adipose tissue through a series of developmental cycles. Mammary stem cells (MaSCs) maintain an accurate tissue homeostasis, and their proliferation and cell fate determination are regulated by multiple hormones and local factors. The WNT pathway plays a critical role in controlling the enormous tissue expansion and remodeling during mammary gland development through the maintenance and differentiation of MaSCs, and its deregulation has been implicated in breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression. The R-spondins (RSPOs) are four secreted proteins that strongly enhance target cell sensitivity to WNT ligands. Moreover, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) 4-6 are considered obligate high-affinity receptors for RSPOs and have been described as stem cell markers. Importantly, elevated RSPO expression has been recently identified in several tumor types from patients, including BC, and it has been reported that they play a significant role in mammary tumor progression in experimental models. In this review, exploring our present knowledge, we summarize the role of the RSPO-LGR axis as a WNT-enhancing signaling cascade in the MaSC compartment and during the normal and neoplastic mammary gland development. In addition, we include an updated expression profile of the RSPOs and their action mediators at the cell membrane, the LGRs, and the ubiquitin-ligases ZNRF3/RNF43, in different BC subtypes. Finally and based on these data, we discuss the significance of tumor-associated alterations of these proteins and their potential use as molecular targets for detection and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Tocci
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla M Felcher
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín E García Solá
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edith C Kordon
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Loffredo LF, Coden ME, Berdnikovs S. Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) Triggers Systemic Para-Inflammation and is Sufficient to Induce Airway Allergic Sensitization in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020343. [PMID: 32012983 PMCID: PMC7071314 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway diseases are accompanied by increased permeability and an inflammatory state of epithelial barriers, which are thought to be susceptible to allergen sensitization. Although exogenous drivers (proteases, allergens) of epithelial barrier disruption and sensitization are well studied, endogenous contributors (diet, xenobiotics, hormones, and metabolism) to allergic sensitization are much less understood. Xenoestrogens are synthetic or natural chemical compounds that have the ability to mimic estrogen and are ubiquitous in the food and water supply of developed countries. By interfering with the estrogen produced by the endocrine system, these compounds have the systemic potential to disrupt the homeostasis of multiple tissues. Our study examined the potential of prototypical xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) to disrupt epithelial homeostasis in vitro and promote allergic responses in vivo. We found that BPA exposure in epithelial cultures in vitro significantly inhibited epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing, as well as promoted the expression of the innate alarmin cytokine TSLP in a time-and dose-dependent manner. In vivo, the exposure to BPA through water supply or inhalation induced a systemic para-inflammatory response by promoting the expression of innate inflammatory mediators in the skin, gut, and airway. In a murine tolerogenic antigen challenge model, chronic systemic exposure to BPA was sufficient to induce airway sensitization to innocuous chicken egg ovalbumin in the complete absence of adjuvants. Mechanistic studies are needed to test conclusively whether endocrine disruptors may play an upstream role in allergic sensitization via their ability to promote a para-inflammatory state.
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13
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Cytokeratin 5 alters β-catenin dynamics in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:2478-2492. [PMID: 31988452 PMCID: PMC7085458 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancers often contain subpopulations of cells that express the intermediate filament protein cytokeratin 5 (CK5). CK5+ cells are enriched in cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, can be induced by progestins, and predict poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancer. We established through CK5 knockout and overexpression in ER+ breast cancer cell lines that CK5 is important for tumorsphere formation, prompting us to speculate that CK5 has regulatory activity in CSCs. To interrogate CK5 interacting proteins that may be functionally cooperative, we performed immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry for CK5 in ER+ breast cancer cells. Focusing on proteins with signaling activity, we identified β-catenin, a key transcription factor of the Wnt signaling pathway and cell adhesion molecule, as a CK5 interactor, which we confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in several breast cancer models. We interrogated the dual functions of β-catenin in relation to CK5. Knockout or knockdown of CK5 ablated β-catenin transcriptional activity in response to progestins and Wnt stimuli. Conversely, CK5 induced by progestins or overexpression was sufficient to promote loss of β-catenin at the cell membrane and total E-cadherin loss. A breast cancer patient-derived xenograft showed similar loss of membrane β-catenin and E-cadherin in CK5+ but not intratumoral CK5− cells and single cell RNA sequencing found the top enriched pathways in the CK5+ cell cluster were cell junction remodeling and signaling. This report highlights that CK5 actively remodels cell morphology and that blockade of CK5-β-catenin interaction may reverse the detrimental properties of CK5+ breast cancer cells.
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14
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Sakai Y, Miyake R, Shimizu T, Nakajima T, Sakakura T, Tomooka Y. A clonal stem cell line established from a mouse mammary placode with ability to generate functional mammary glands. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:861-871. [PMID: 31529417 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland develops from the placode at ectodermal invagination. The rudimentary parenchyma (mammary bud) develops mammary trees and alveolar structures, suggesting that the mammary bud consists of stem/progenitor cells. Here, we established a clonal stem cell line from a mammary bud of a p53 null female embryo at day 14.5. FP5-3-1 line was a homogeneous cell population with polygonal epithelial morphology and spontaneously became heterogeneous during passages. Recloning gave rise to four sublines; three sublines have basal epithelial property and one subline has luminal epithelial property. The former sublines generate functional mammary glands when injected into cleared fat pads and the latter subline does not. The cell lines also express many stemness-related genes. The clonal cell lines established in the present study are shown to be mammary stem cells and not tumorigenic. They provide useful models for normal and tumor biology of the mammary gland in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Sakai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Ruka Miyake
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nakajima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Teruyo Sakakura
- Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tomooka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
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15
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Pellacani D, Tan S, Lefort S, Eaves CJ. Transcriptional regulation of normal human mammary cell heterogeneity and its perturbation in breast cancer. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100330. [PMID: 31304632 PMCID: PMC6627240 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland in adult women consists of biologically distinct cell types that differ in their surface phenotypes. Isolation and molecular characterization of these subpopulations of mammary cells have provided extensive insights into their different transcriptional programs and regulation. This information is now serving as a baseline for interpreting the heterogeneous features of human breast cancers. Examination of breast cancer mutational profiles further indicates that most have undergone a complex evolutionary process even before being detected. The consequent intra-tumoral as well as inter-tumoral heterogeneity of these cancers thus poses major challenges to deriving information from early and hence likely pervasive changes in potential therapeutic interest. Recently described reproducible and efficient methods for generating human breast cancers de novo in immunodeficient mice transplanted with genetically altered primary cells now offer a promising alternative to investigate initial stages of human breast cancer development. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about key transcriptional regulatory processes operative in these partially characterized subpopulations of normal human mammary cells and effects of disrupting these processes in experimentally produced human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pellacani
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Susanna Tan
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sylvain Lefort
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
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16
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Pfefferle AD, Darr DB, Calhoun BC, Mott KR, Rosen JM, Perou CM. The MMTV-Wnt1 murine model produces two phenotypically distinct subtypes of mammary tumors with unique therapeutic responses to an EGFR inhibitor. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037192. [PMID: 31213486 PMCID: PMC6679375 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt gene family encodes an evolutionarily conserved group of proteins that regulate cell growth, differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. Aberrant Wnt signaling in human breast tumors has been proposed as a driver of tumorigenesis, especially in the basal-like tumor subtype where canonical Wnt signaling is both enriched and predictive of poor clinical outcomes. The development of effective Wnt-based therapeutics, however, has been slowed in part by a limited understanding of the context-dependent nature with which these aberrations influence breast tumorigenesis. We previously reported that MMTV-Wnt1 mice, an established model for studying Wnt signaling in breast tumors, develop two subtypes of tumors by gene expression classification: Wnt1-EarlyEx and Wnt1-LateEx Here, we extend this initial observation and show that Wnt1-EarlyEx tumors exhibit high expression of canonical Wnt, non-canonical Wnt, and EGFR signaling pathway signatures. Therapeutically, Wnt1-EarlyEx tumors showed a dynamic reduction in tumor volume when treated with an EGFR inhibitor. Wnt1-EarlyEx tumors had primarily Cd49fpos/Epcamneg FACS profiles, but it was not possible to serially transplant these tumors into wild-type FVB female mice. Conversely, Wnt1-LateEx tumors had a bloody gross pathology, which was highlighted by the presence of 'blood lakes' identified by H&E staining. These tumors had primarily Cd49fpos/Epcampos FACS profiles, but also contained a secondary Cd49fpos/Epcamneg subpopulation. Wnt1-LateEx tumors were enriched for activating Hras1 mutations and were capable of reproducing tumors when serially transplanted into wild-type FVB female mice. This study definitively shows that the MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model produces two phenotypically distinct subtypes of mammary tumors that differ in multiple biological aspects including sensitivity to an EGFR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Pfefferle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David B Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin C Calhoun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin R Mott
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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17
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Maschio DA, Matheus VA, Collares‐Buzato CB. Islet cells are the source of Wnts that can induce beta‐cell proliferation in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19852-19865. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Maschio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Valquíria A. Matheus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carla B. Collares‐Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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18
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Adorno M, di Robilant BN, Sikandar SS, Acosta VH, Antony J, Heller CH, Clarke MF. Usp16 modulates Wnt signaling in primary tissues through Cdkn2a regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17506. [PMID: 30504774 PMCID: PMC6269430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the Wnt pathway in stem cells and primary tissues is still poorly understood. Here we report that Usp16, a negative regulator of Bmi1/PRC1 function, modulates the Wnt pathway in mammary epithelia, primary human fibroblasts and MEFs, affecting their expansion and self-renewal potential. In mammary glands, reduced levels of Usp16 increase tissue responsiveness to Wnt, resulting in upregulation of the downstream Wnt target Axin2, expansion of the basal compartment and increased in vitro and in vivo epithelial regeneration. Usp16 regulation of the Wnt pathway in mouse and human tissues is at least in part mediated by activation of Cdkn2a, a regulator of senescence. At the molecular level, Usp16 affects Rspo-mediated phosphorylation of LRP6. In Down’s Syndrome (DS), triplication of Usp16 dampens the activation of the Wnt pathway. Usp16 copy number normalization restores normal Wnt activation in Ts65Dn mice models. Genetic upregulation of the Wnt pathway in Ts65Dn mice rescues the proliferation defect observed in mammary epithelial cells. All together, these findings link important stem cell regulators like Bmi1/Usp16 and Cdkn2a to Wnt signaling, and have implications for designing therapies for conditions, like DS, aging or degenerative diseases, where the Wnt pathway is hampered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Adorno
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Benedetta Nicolis di Robilant
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Shaheen Shabbir Sikandar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Veronica Haro Acosta
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90087, USA
| | - Jane Antony
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Craig H Heller
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
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19
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Contribution of the Wnt Pathway to Defining Biology of Glioblastoma. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:437-451. [PMID: 30259273 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly lethal brain tumor, has been comprehensively characterized at the molecular level with the identification of several potential treatment targets. Data concerning the Wnt pathway are relatively sparse, but apparently very important in defining several aspects of tumor biology. The Wnt ligands are involved in numerous basic biological processes including regulation of embryogenic development, cell fate determination, and organogenesis, but growing amount of data also support the roles of Wnt pathways in the formation of many tumors, including gliomas. Two main Wnt pathways are distinguished: the canonical (β-catenin) and non-canonical (planar cell polarity, Wnt/Ca2+) routes. Wnt signaling regulates glioma stem cells (GSCs), thereby defining invasive potential, recurrence, and treatment resistance of GBM. Some observations suggest that the Wnt pathways are differentially active in molecular subtypes of this tumor, thereby may also guide prognostication and novel therapeutic decisions. In this review, we highlight main elements and biological relevance of the Wnt pathways, primarily focusing on the pathogenesis and subtypes of GBM. Finally, we briefly summarize newer therapeutic strategies targeting networks of the Wnt signaling cascades and their molecular associates that appear to be marked contributors to GBM aggressiveness.
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20
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Loffredo LF, Abdala-Valencia H, Anekalla KR, Cuervo-Pardo L, Gottardi CJ, Berdnikovs S. Beyond epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Common suppression of differentiation programs underlies epithelial barrier dysfunction in mild, moderate, and severe asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:1988-2004. [PMID: 28599074 DOI: 10.1111/all.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barrier dysfunction is a central feature in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as one mechanism afflicting barrier in asthma. However, genes and pathways involved in aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal signaling, and their relationship to asthma severity, are poorly understood. METHODS We used unbiased gene network analysis to evaluate functional convergence in epithelial gene expression signatures across multiple public access transcriptomics datasets of human asthma, followed by text mining to evaluate functional marker relevance of discovered genes. We objectively confirmed these findings in epithelial brushings and primary asthmatic epithelial cells cultured in different biological contexts. RESULTS We found a striking suppression of epithelial differentiation in asthma, overrepresented by insufficiency in insulin and Notch signaling, but with the absence of conventional EMT markers. We identified EFNB2, FGFR1, FGFR2, INSR, IRS2, NOTCH2, TLE1, and NTRK2 as novel markers central to dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling, but surprisingly overlooked in asthma research. We found that this "core" signature of asthma is shared by mild, moderate, and severe forms of disease, progressing with severity. Loss of epithelial differentiation induced by insulin deprivation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells cultured in organotypic conditions closely approximated gene expression in asthmatic epithelial brushings. CONCLUSIONS The comparative analysis of publically available transcriptomes demonstrated that epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma is characterized by persistent underlying de-differentiation program with complex etiology. The lasting alteration of the asthmatic epithelial cell transcriptome implicates regulation involving metabolism and epigenetics, beyond EMT driven by injury and repair in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Loffredo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Medicine; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - H. Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - K. R. Anekalla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - L. Cuervo-Pardo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Medicine; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - C. J. Gottardi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - S. Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Medicine; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
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21
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Lv C, Li F, Li X, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Sheng X, Song Y, Meng Q, Yuan S, Luan L, Andl T, Feng X, Jiao B, Xu M, Plikus MV, Dai X, Lengner C, Cui W, Ren F, Shuai J, Millar SE, Yu Z. MiR-31 promotes mammary stem cell expansion and breast tumorigenesis by suppressing Wnt signaling antagonists. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1036. [PMID: 29051494 PMCID: PMC5648844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation plays key roles in stem cell self-renewal and tumorigenesis. However, the in vivo functions of specific microRNAs in controlling mammary stem cell (MaSC) activity and breast cancer formation remain poorly understood. Here we show that miR-31 is highly expressed in MaSC-enriched mammary basal cell population and in mammary tumors, and is regulated by NF-κB signaling. We demonstrate that miR-31 promotes mammary epithelial proliferation and MaSC expansion at the expense of differentiation in vivo. Loss of miR-31 compromises mammary tumor growth, reduces the number of cancer stem cells, as well as decreases tumor-initiating ability and metastasis to the lung, supporting its pro-oncogenic function. MiR-31 modulates multiple signaling pathways, including Prlr/Stat5, TGFβ and Wnt/β-catenin. Particularly, it activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by directly targeting Wnt antagonists, including Dkk1. Importantly, Dkk1 overexpression partially rescues miR31-induced mammary defects. Together, these findings identify miR-31 as the key regulator of MaSC activity and breast tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs play an important role in stem cell fate and tumorigenesis. In this work, the authors show that miR-31 controls mammary stem cell self-renewal and tumorigenesis by simultaneously activating Wnt/β-catenin and repressing TGFβ signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengyin Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhua Tian
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Xiaole Sheng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongli Song
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shukai Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Liming Luan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Mingang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xing Dai
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christopher Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Fazheng Ren
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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22
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Lu DG, Ma YM, Zhu AJ, Han YW. An early biomarker and potential therapeutic target of RUNX 3 hypermethylation in breast cancer, a system review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22166-22174. [PMID: 27825140 PMCID: PMC5400655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) methylation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer (BC). However, the association between RUNX3 hypermethylation and significance of BC remains under investigation. The purpose of this study is to perform a meta-analysis and literature review to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of RUNX3 hypermethylation in BC. A comprehensive literature search was performed in Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library Database, CNKI and Google scholar. A total of 10 studies and 747 patients were included for the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated and summarized respectively. RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly correlated with the risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), OR was 50.37, p < 0.00001 and 22.66, p < 0.00001 respectively. Interestingly, the frequency of RUNX3 hypermethylation increased in estrogen receptor (ER) positive BC, OR was 12.12, p = 0.005. High RUNX3 mRNA expression was strongly associated with better relapse-free survival (RFS) in BC patients. In summary, RUNX3 methylation could be a promising early biomarker for the diagnosis of BC. High RUNX3 mRNA expression is correlated to better RFS in BC patients. RUNX3 could be a potential therapeutic target for the development of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Guo Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Mei Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Chest Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ju Zhu
- Department of ophtalmology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Wei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P. R. China
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23
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Neuropilin-1 is upregulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is important for mammary stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10941. [PMID: 28887477 PMCID: PMC5591238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is instrumental for the development of mammary gland and the properties of mammary stem cells (MaSCs). The Wnt signaling downstream effectors that engage in regulating MaSCs have not been extensively studied. Here, we report that Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) expression is induced by Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MaSCs, and its function is critical for the activity of MaSCs. Nrp1 is particularly expressed in MaSCs that are marked by the expression of Protein C Receptor (Procr). Knockdown of Nrp1 by shRNA diminishes MaSCs' in vitro colony formation and in vivo mammary gland reconstitution ability. Similar results are seen when antagonizing Nrp1 using a dominant negative peptide. In genetic experiments, deletion of Nrp1 results in delay of mammary development. In addition, knockdown of Nrp1 inhibits MMTV-Wnt1 tumor growth in xenograft. Our data demonstrate that Nrp1 is critical for mammary development and tumorigenesis, revealing new insights into MaSC regulation and targeting stem cells in treatment of breast cancer.
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24
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Schleimer RP, Berdnikovs S. Etiology of epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with type 2 inflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1752-1761. [PMID: 28583447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and airway serve common critical functions, such as maintaining a physical barrier against environmental insults and allergens and providing a tissue interface balancing the communication between the internal and external environments. We now understand that in patients with allergic disease, regardless of tissue location, the homeostatic balance of the epithelial barrier is skewed toward loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and impaired innate defense. Importantly, epithelial dysfunction characterized by these traits appears to pre-date atopy and development of allergic disease. Despite our growing appreciation of the centrality of barrier dysfunction in initiation of allergic disease, many important questions remain to be answered regarding mechanisms disrupting normal barrier function. Although our external environment (proteases, allergens, and injury) is classically thought of as a principal contributor to barrier disruption associated with allergic sensitization, there is a need to better understand contributions of the internal environment (hormones, diet, and circadian clock). Systemic drivers of disease, such as alterations of the endocrine system, metabolism, and aberrant control of developmental signaling, are emerging as new players in driving epithelial dysfunction and allergic predisposition at various barrier sites. Identifying such central mediators of epithelial dysfunction using both systems biology tools and causality-driven laboratory experimentation will be essential in building new strategic interventions to prevent or reverse the process of barrier loss in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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25
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Abstract
Wnt signals regulate cell proliferation, migration and differentiation during development, as well as synaptic transmission and plasticity in the adult brain. Abnormal Wnt signaling is central to a number of brain pathologies. We review here, the significance of this pathway focused in the contribution of the most frequent alterations in receptors, secretable modulators and downstream targets in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Glioblastoma (GBM). β-catenin and GSK3 levels are pivotal in the neurodegeneration associated to AD contributing to memory deficits, tau phosphorylation, increased β-amyloid production and modulation of Apolipoprotein E in the brain. In consequence, β-catenin and GSK3 are targets for potential treatments in AD. Also, Wnt pathway components and secreted molecules interfering with this signaling contribute to the progression of tumoral cells. Wnt pathway activation is a bad prognosis in brain cancer; however, mutations in WNT or Frizzled (FZD) genes do not account for the cases of GBM. Instead, recent studies indicate that epigenetic modifications contribute to the development of GBMs opening novel strategies to study GBM progression.
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26
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Iturriaga MP, Paredes R, Arias JI, Torres CG. Meloxicam decreases the migration and invasion of CF41.Mg canine mammary carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2198-2206. [PMID: 28781660 PMCID: PMC5530185 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression is positively correlated with malignant features in canine mammary carcinomas. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX activity and may therefore possess anticancer effects. Meloxicam is an NSAID that is widely used in human and veterinary medicine. High concentrations of meloxicam have been reported to be antitumorigenic in vitro; however, the effect of meloxicam at concentrations that are equivalent to those that can be obtained in vivo remains unknown. In the current study, the in vitro effects of low-dose meloxicam (0.25 µg/ml) on CF41.Mg canine mammary carcinoma cells were evaluated. The effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion, in addition to the expression of different molecules associated with tumor invasiveness were analyzed. No effect on cell viability and apoptosis were observed. However, cell migration and invasion were significantly reduced following treatment with meloxicam. MMP-2 expression and activity were similarly reduced, explaining the impaired cell invasion. In addition, β-catenin expression was downregulated, while its phosphorylation increased. These results indicate that 0.25 µg/ml meloxicam reduces cell migration and invasion, in part through modulating MMP-2 and β-catenin expression. Additional studies are required to elucidate the mechanism associated with the anti-invasive effect of meloxicam on CF41.Mg cells. The results of the present study suggest that meloxicam has a potential adjunctive therapeutic application, which could be useful in controlling the invasion and metastasis of canine mammary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Iturriaga
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Health, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Jose I Arias
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Cristian G Torres
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
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27
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Muenst S, Mechera R, Däster S, Piscuoglio S, Ng CK, Meier-Abt F, Weber WP, Soysal SD. Pregnancy at early age is associated with a reduction of progesterone-responsive cells and epithelial Wnt signaling in human breast tissue. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22353-22360. [PMID: 28423605 PMCID: PMC5410228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy at early age is the most significant modifiable factor which consistently decreases lifetime breast cancer risk. However, the underlying mechanisms haven't been conclusively identified. Studies in mice suggest a reduction in progesterone-receptor (PR) sensitive epithelial cells as well as a downregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway as being one of the main mechanisms for the protective effect of early pregnancy. The aim of our study was to validate these findings in humans. METHODS We collected benign breast tissue of 125 women who had been stratified according to age at first pregnancy and the occurrence of subsequent breast cancer, and performed immunohistochemistry for PR, Wnt4 and the Wnt-target Versican. RESULTS The number of PR positive epithelial cells was significantly lower in the group of women with early pregnancy and no subsequent breast cancer compared to the group of nulliparous women with subsequent invasive breast cancer (p = 0.0135). In women with early pregnancy, expression of Versican and Wnt4 was significantly lower compared to nulliparous women (p = 0.0036 and p = 0.0241 respectively), and Versican expression was also significant lower compared to women with late pregnancy (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Our results confirm prior observations in mice and suggest a role of downregulation of epithelial Wnt signaling in the protective effect of early pregnancy in humans. This results in a decreased proliferation of stem/progenitor cells; therefore, the Wnt signaling pathway may represent a potential target for breast cancer prevention in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Muenst
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Charlotte K.Y. Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Meier-Abt
- Institute of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter P. Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D. Soysal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Sikora MJ. Family Matters: Collaboration and Conflict Among the Steroid Receptors Raises a Need for Group Therapy. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4553-4560. [PMID: 27835038 PMCID: PMC5133350 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiestrogen therapies targeting the function of estrogen receptor (ER) have been the cornerstone of therapy for ER+ breast cancer for decades. However, as long as these therapies have been in use, it has also been evident that response to antiestrogen therapy is not based solely on ER expression but that other factors modify breast cancer antiestrogen response. Such factors may include ER's relatives in the steroid hormone receptor (HR) family, androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). A series of recent studies has demonstrated that these HRs are not bystanders in ER signaling but rather can alter ER genomic binding and subsequent control of target gene expression. For example, PR and GR may "reprogram" ER binding to DNA toward PR/GR sites; androgen receptor may reverse ER gene regulation functions or regulate ER DNA binding. Accordingly, modulation of HR function concurrently with antiestrogen therapy can either improve antiestrogen response or mediate antiestrogen resistance. This highlights the critical need to better understand how other HRs influence ER function, in particular in the context of antiestrogen therapy. This review discusses recent insights into the mechanisms by which HRs can modify ER function and antiestrogen response, as well as pharmacological implications for antiestrogen therapies and potential combined endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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29
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Sikora MJ, Jacobsen BM, Levine K, Chen J, Davidson NE, Lee AV, Alexander CM, Oesterreich S. WNT4 mediates estrogen receptor signaling and endocrine resistance in invasive lobular carcinoma cell lines. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:92. [PMID: 27650553 PMCID: PMC5028957 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast typically presents with clinical biomarkers consistent with a favorable response to endocrine therapies, and over 90 % of ILC cases express the estrogen receptor (ER). However, a subset of ILC cases may be resistant to endocrine therapies, suggesting that ER biology is unique in ILC. Using ILC cell lines, we previously demonstrated that ER regulates a distinct gene expression program in ILC cells, and we hypothesized that these ER-driven pathways modulate the endocrine response in ILC. One potential novel pathway is via the Wnt ligand WNT4, a critical signaling molecule in mammary gland development regulated by the progesterone receptor. METHODS The ILC cell lines MDA-MB-134-VI, SUM44PE, and BCK4 were used to assess WNT4 gene expression and regulation, as well as the role of WNT4 in estrogen-regulated proliferation. To assess these mechanisms in the context of endocrine resistance, we developed novel ILC endocrine-resistant long-term estrogen-deprived (ILC-LTED) models. ILC and ILC-LTED cell lines were used to identify upstream regulators and downstream signaling effectors of WNT4 signaling. RESULTS ILC cells co-opted WNT4 signaling by placing it under direct ER control. We observed that ER regulation of WNT4 correlated with use of an ER binding site at the WNT4 locus, specifically in ILC cells. Further, WNT4 was required for endocrine response in ILC cells, as WNT4 knockdown blocked estrogen-induced proliferation. ILC-LTED cells remained dependent on WNT4 for proliferation, by either maintaining ER function and WNT4 regulation or uncoupling WNT4 from ER and upregulating WNT4 expression. In the latter case, WNT4 expression was driven by activated nuclear factor kappa-B signaling in ILC-LTED cells. In ILC and ILC-LTED cells, WNT4 led to suppression of CDKN1A/p21, which is critical for ILC cell proliferation. CDKN1A knockdown partially reversed the effects of WNT4 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS WNT4 drives a novel signaling pathway in ILC cells, with a critical role in estrogen-induced growth that may also mediate endocrine resistance. WNT4 signaling may represent a novel target to modulate endocrine response specifically for patients with ILC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sikora
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Present address: Department of Pathology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8104, Research Complex 1 South, Room 5117, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Britta M Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin Levine
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Song XY, Li BY, Zhou EX, Wu FX. The clinicopathological significance of RUNX3 hypermethylation and mRNA expression in human breast cancer, a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5339-47. [PMID: 27616890 PMCID: PMC5008647 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s77828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of RUNX3 has been reported in several tumors including human breast cancer (BC). However, the association between RUNX3 hypermethylation and incidence of BC remains elusive. In this study, a detailed literature search was performed in Medline and Google Scholar for related research publications. Analysis of pooled data were executed. Odds ratios with corresponding confidence intervals were determined and summarized, respectively. Finally, 13 studies were identified for the meta-analysis. Analysis of the pooled data showed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in both ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) than in normal breast tissues. In addition, RUNX3 methylation was significantly higher in IDC than in benign tumor. However, RUNX3 methylation was not significantly higher in IDC than in ductal carcinoma in situ. We also determined that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in ER positive BC than in ER negative BC. In addition, high RUNX3 mRNA expression was found to be correlated with better overall survival and relapse-free survival for all BC patients. Our results strongly support that RUNX3 hypermethylation may play an important role in BC incidence. RUNX3 methylation is a valuable early biomarker for the diagnosis of BC. Further large-scale studies will provide more insight into the role of RUNX3 hypermethylation in the carcinogenesis and clinical diagnosis of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Xiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xia Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Mammary Development and Breast Cancer: A Wnt Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8070065. [PMID: 27420097 PMCID: PMC4963807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8070065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway has emerged as a key signaling cascade participating in mammary organogenesis and breast oncogenesis. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of how the pathway regulates stem cells and normal development of the mammary gland, and discuss how its various components contribute to breast carcinoma pathology.
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32
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Nie Z, Wang C, Zhou Z, Chen C, Liu R, Wang D. Transforming growth factor-beta increases breast cancer stem cell population partially through upregulating PMEPA1 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:194-201. [PMID: 26758191 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate transmembrane protein, androgen-induced 1 (PMEPA1) has been previously shown to promote solid malignancies in a variety of cancers, but the role and mechanisms of PMEPA1 in breast cancer has not been fully addressed. Here, we found that PMEPA1 was upregulated in breast cancer cell lines as well as in a set of clinical invasive breast ductal carcinomas. Interestingly, depletion of PMEPA1 decreased breast cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations, while ectopic overexpression of PMEPA1 increased breast CSC-enriched populations. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) treatment was also found to upregulate PMEPA1 expression and the CSC-enriched populations in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. TGF-β-induced PMEPA1 expression partially contributed to TGF-β-induced breast CSC maintenance. These findings suggest that TGF-β-PMEPA1 axis might provide new diagnosis and therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Nie
- Pharmaceutical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Dianhua Wang
- Pharmaceutical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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33
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Jamieson C, Mills KM, Lui C, Semaan C, Molloy MP, Sharma M, Forwood JK, Henderson BR. Characterization of a beta-catenin nuclear localization defect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 341:196-206. [PMID: 26844628 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Beta-catenin plays a key role in transducing Wnt signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Here we characterize an unusual subcellular distribution of beta-catenin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, wherein beta-catenin localizes to the cytoplasm and membrane but atypically did not relocate to the nucleus after Wnt treatment. The inability of Wnt or the Wnt agonist LiCl to induce nuclear localization of beta-catenin was not due to defective nuclear transport, as the transport machinery was intact and ectopic GFP-beta-catenin displayed rapid nuclear entry in living cells. The mislocalization is explained by a shift in the retention of beta-catenin from nucleus to cytoplasm. The reduced nuclear retention is caused by unusually low expression of lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor (LEF/TCF) transcription factors. The reconstitution of LEF-1 or TCF4 expression rescued nuclear localization of beta-catenin in Wnt treated cells. In the cytoplasm, beta-catenin accumulated in recycling endosomes, golgi and beta-COP-positive coatomer complexes. The peripheral association with endosomes diminished after Wnt treatment, potentially releasing β-catenin into the cytoplasm for nuclear entry. We propose that in MCF-7 and perhaps other breast cancer cells, beta-catenin may contribute to cytoplasmic functions such as ER-golgi transport, in addition to its transactivation role in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Jamieson
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kate M Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Christina Lui
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Crystal Semaan
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Beric R Henderson
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Abstract
Many cancers have similar aberrations in various signaling cascades with crucial roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Dysregulation of signal cascades that play integral roles during early cellular development is well known to be a central feature of many malignancies. One such signaling cascade is the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which has a profound effect on stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This pathway is dysregulated in numerous cell types, underscoring its global oncogenetic potential. This review highlights regulators and downstream effectors of this receptor cascade and addresses the increasingly apparent crosstalk of Wnt with other tumorigenic signaling pathways. As understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes unique to these malignancies increases, identifying the regulatory mechanisms unique to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and similarly aberrant receptor pathways will be imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saint-Aaron L Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Mitchell Building BSRB S3.8344, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Roos J, Grösch S, Werz O, Schröder P, Ziegler S, Fulda S, Paulus P, Urbschat A, Kühn B, Maucher I, Fettel J, Vorup-Jensen T, Piesche M, Matrone C, Steinhilber D, Parnham MJ, Maier TJ. Regulation of tumorigenic Wnt signaling by cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase and their pharmacological inhibitors: A basis for novel drugs targeting cancer cells? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:43-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rhee KJ, Lee JI, Eom YW. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Effects of Tumor Support or Suppression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30015-33. [PMID: 26694366 PMCID: PMC4691158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exhibit a marked tropism towards site of tumors. Many studies have reported that tumor progression and metastasis increase by MSCs. In contrast, other studies have shown that MSCs suppress growth of tumors. MSCs contribute to tumor growth promotion by several mechanisms: (1) transition to tumor-associated fibroblasts; (2) suppression of immune response; (3) promotion of angiogenesis; (4) stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); (5) contribution to the tumor microenvironment; (6) inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis; and (7) promotion of tumor metastasis. In contrast to the tumor-promoting properties, MSCs inhibit tumor growth by increasing inflammatory infiltration, inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing Wnt signaling and AKT signaling, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this review, we will discuss potential mechanisms by which MSC mediates tumor support or suppression and then the possible tumor-specific therapeutic strategies using MSCs as delivery vehicles, based on their homing potential to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea.
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea.
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Nandy SB, Gangwani L, Nahleh Z, Subramani R, Arumugam A, de la Rosa JM, Lakshmanaswamy R. Recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer is influenced by ovarian hormone's effect on breast cancer stem cells. Future Oncol 2015; 11:983-95. [PMID: 25760978 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have recently attracted great interest because of their emerging role in initiation, progression and metastasis, combined with their intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CSCs and its interaction with hormones in breast cancer are currently being investigated with the aim of uncovering the molecular mechanisms by which they evade conventional treatment regimens. In this review, we discuss recent experimental data and new perspectives in the area of steroid hormones and their cross-talk with breast CSCs. We have covered literature associated with biomarkers, hormone receptors and hormone responsive signaling pathways in breast CSC. In addition, we also discuss the role of miRNAs in hormone mediated regulation of breast CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Bose Nandy
- Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Brisken C, Hess K, Jeitziner R. Progesterone and Overlooked Endocrine Pathways in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3442-50. [PMID: 26241069 PMCID: PMC4588833 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer incidence has been increasing for decades. Exposure to reproductive hormones, as occurs with recurrent menstrual cycles, affects breast cancer risk, and can promote disease progression. Exogenous hormones and endocrine disruptors have also been implicated in increasing breast cancer incidence. Numerous in vitro studies with hormone-receptor-positive cell lines have provided insights into the complexities of hormone receptor signaling at the molecular level; in vivo additional layers of complexity add on to this. The combined use of mouse genetics and tissue recombination techniques has made it possible to disentangle hormone action in vivo and revealed that estrogens, progesterone, and prolactin orchestrate distinct developmental stages of mammary gland development. The 2 ovarian steroids that fluctuate during menstrual cycles act on a subset of mammary epithelial cells, the hormone-receptor-positive sensor cells, which translate and amplify the incoming systemic signals into local, paracrine stimuli. Progesterone has emerged as a major regulator of cell proliferation and stem cell activation in the adult mammary gland. Two progesterone receptor targets, receptor activator of NfκB ligand and Wnt4, serve as downstream paracrine mediators of progesterone receptor-induced cell proliferation and stem cell activation, respectively. Some of the findings in the mouse have been validated in human ex vivo models and by next-generation whole-transcriptome sequencing on healthy donors staged for their menstrual cycles. The implications of these insights into the basic control mechanisms of mammary gland development for breast carcinogenesis and the possible role of endocrine disruptors, in particular bisphenol A in this context, will be discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Brisken
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (C.B., R.J.) and Brain and Mind Institute (K.H.), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Hess
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (C.B., R.J.) and Brain and Mind Institute (K.H.), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Jeitziner
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (C.B., R.J.) and Brain and Mind Institute (K.H.), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Williams KE, Bundred NJ, Landberg G, Clarke RB, Farnie G. Focal adhesion kinase and Wnt signaling regulate human ductal carcinoma in situ stem cell activity and response to radiotherapy. Stem Cells 2015; 33:327-41. [PMID: 25187396 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can avoid or efficiently repair DNA damage from radio and chemotherapy, which suggests they play a role in disease recurrence. Twenty percentage of patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast recur and our previous data show that high grade DCIS have increased numbers of CSCs. Here, we investigate the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Wnt pathways in DCIS stem cells and their capacity to survive irradiation. Using DCIS cell lines and patient samples, we demonstrate that CSC-enriched populations are relatively radioresistant and possess high FAK activity. Immunohistochemical studies of active FAK in DCIS tissue show high expression was associated with a shorter median time to recurrence. Treatment with a FAK inhibitor or FAK siRNA in nonadherent and three-dimensional matrigel culture reduced mammosphere formation, and potentiated the effect of 2 Gy irradiation. Moreover, inhibition of FAK in vitro and in vivo decreased self-renewal capacity, levels of Wnt3a and B-Catenin revealing a novel FAK-Wnt axis regulating DCIS stem cell activity. Overall, these data establish that the FAK-Wnt axis is a promising target to eradicate self-renewal capacity and progression of human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Williams
- Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Education and Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Stem Cell Research, University of Manchester, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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TORRES CRISTIANG, OLIVARES ARACELI, STOORE CAROLL. Simvastatin exhibits antiproliferative effects on spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2235-44. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lindley LE, Curtis KM, Sanchez-Mejias A, Rieger ME, Robbins DJ, Briegel KJ. The WNT-controlled transcriptional regulator LBH is required for mammary stem cell expansion and maintenance of the basal lineage. Development 2015; 142:893-904. [PMID: 25655704 DOI: 10.1242/dev.110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of multipotent mammary stem cells (MaSCs) has provided an explanation for the unique regenerative capacity of the mammary gland throughout adult life. However, it remains unclear what genes maintain MaSCs and control their specification into the two epithelial lineages: luminal and basal. LBH is a novel transcription co-factor in the WNT pathway with hitherto unknown physiological function. LBH is expressed during mammary gland development and aberrantly overexpressed in aggressive 'basal' subtype breast cancers. Here, we have explored the in vivo role of LBH in mammopoiesis. We show that in postnatal mammary epithelia, LBH is predominantly expressed in the Lin(-)CD29(high)CD24(+) basal MaSC population. Upon conditional inactivation of LBH, mice exhibit pronounced delays in mammary tissue expansion during puberty and pregnancy, accompanied by increased luminal differentiation at the expense of basal lineage specification. These defects could be traced to a severe reduction in the frequency and self-renewal/differentiation potential of basal MaSCs. Mechanistically, LBH induces expression of key epithelial stem cell transcription factor ΔNp63 to promote a basal MaSC state and repress luminal differentiation genes, mainly that encoding estrogen receptor α (Esr1/ERα). Collectively, these studies identify LBH as an essential regulator of basal MaSC expansion/maintenance, raising important implications for its potential role in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey E Lindley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin M Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Avencia Sanchez-Mejias
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Megan E Rieger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karoline J Briegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Rota LM, Wood TL. Crosstalk of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor with the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:92. [PMID: 26106366 PMCID: PMC4460810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor system has long been considered a pathway that promotes cell proliferation, survival, and transformation, and is thus a promoter of tumorigenesis. However, recent failure of clinical trials for IGF-1R inhibitors reveals the need for a better understanding of how this pathway functions in specific tumor subtypes. Ongoing studies are designed to uncover biomarkers and downstream targets to enhance therapeutic strategies. Other approaches in specific tumor models reveal complex interactions between IGF signaling and other tumor initiating pathways. Here, we review relevant background and recent studies suggesting that inhibiting the IGF-1R can amplify Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in a model of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Rota
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School and Cancer Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Teresa L. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School and Cancer Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- *Correspondence: Teresa L. Wood, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School and Cancer Center, Rutgers University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA,
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Arendt LM, St. Laurent J, Wronski A, Caballero S, Lyle SR, Naber SP, Kuperwasser C. Human breast progenitor cell numbers are regulated by WNT and TBX3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111442. [PMID: 25350852 PMCID: PMC4211891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human breast development is mediated by hormonal and non-hormonal means, the mechanisms that regulate breast progenitor cell activity remain to be clarified. This limited understanding of breast progenitor cells has been due in part to the lack of appropriate model systems to detect and characterize their properties. METHODS To examine the effects of WNT signaling and TBX3 expression on progenitor activity in the breast, primary human mammary epithelial cells (MEC) were isolated from reduction mammoplasty tissues and transduced with lentivirus to overexpress WNT1 or TBX3 or reduce expression of their cognate receptors using shRNA. Changes in progenitor activity were quantified using characterized assays. We identified WNT family members expressed by cell populations within the epithelium and assessed alterations in expression of WNT family ligands by MECs in response to TBX3 overexpression and treatment with estrogen and progesterone. RESULTS Growth of MECs on collagen gels resulted in the formation of distinct luminal acinar and basal ductal colonies. Overexpression of TBX3 in MECs resulted in increased ductal colonies, while shTBX3 expression diminished both colony types. Increased WNT1 expression led to enhanced acinar colony formation, shLRP6 decreased both types of colonies. Estrogen stimulated the formation of acinar colonies in control MEC, but not shLRP6 MEC. Formation of ductal colonies was enhanced in response to progesterone. However, while shLRP6 decreased MEC responsiveness to progesterone, shTBX3 expression did not alter this response. CONCLUSIONS We identified two phenotypically distinguishable lineage-committed progenitor cells that contribute to different structural elements and are regulated via hormonal and non-hormonal mechanisms. WNT signaling regulates both types of progenitor activity. Progesterone favors the expansion of ductal progenitor cells, while estrogen stimulates the expansion of acinar progenitor cells. Paracrine WNT signaling is stimulated by estrogen and progesterone, while autocrine WNT signaling is induced by the embryonic T-box transcription factor TBX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Arendt
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica St. Laurent
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ania Wronski
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Silvia Caballero
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Lyle
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Naber
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rauner G, Barash I. Xanthosine administration does not affect the proportion of epithelial stem cells in bovine mammary tissue, but has a latent negative effect on cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:186-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Moravek MB, Yin P, Ono M, Coon JS, Dyson MT, Navarro A, Marsh EE, Chakravarti D, Kim JJ, Wei JJ, Bulun SE. Ovarian steroids, stem cells and uterine leiomyoma: therapeutic implications. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 21:1-12. [PMID: 25205766 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor in women and is thought to arise from the clonal expansion of a single myometrial smooth muscle cell transformed by a cellular insult. Leiomyomas cause a variety of symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, bladder or bowel dysfunction, and recurrent pregnancy loss, and are the most common indication for hysterectomy in the USA. A slow rate of cell proliferation, combined with the production of copious amounts of extracellular matrix, accounts for tumor expansion. A common salient feature of leiomyomas is their responsiveness to steroid hormones, thus providing an opportunity for intervention. METHODS A comprehensive search of PUBMED was conducted to identify peer-reviewed literature published since 1980 pertinent to the roles of steroid hormones and somatic stem cells in leiomyoma, including literature on therapeutics that target steroid hormone action in leiomyoma. Reviewed articles were restricted to English language only. Studies in both animals and humans were reviewed for the manuscript. RESULTS Estrogen stimulates the growth of leiomyomas, which are exposed to this hormone not only through ovarian steroidogenesis, but also through local conversion of androgens by aromatase within the tumors themselves. The primary action of estrogen, together with its receptor estrogen receptor α (ERα), is likely mediated via induction of progesterone receptor (PR) expression, thereby allowing leiomyoma responsiveness to progesterone. Progesterone has been shown to stimulate the growth of leiomyoma through a set of key genes that regulate both apoptosis and proliferation. Given these findings, aromatase inhibitors and antiprogestins have been developed for the treatment of leiomyoma, but neither treatment results in complete regression of leiomyoma, and tumors recur after treatment is stopped. Recently, distinct cell populations were discovered in leiomyomas; a small population showed stem-progenitor cell properties, and was found to be essential for ovarian steroid-dependent growth of leiomyomas. Interestingly, these stem-progenitor cells were deficient in ERα and PR and instead relied on the strikingly higher levels of these receptors in surrounding differentiated cells to mediate estrogen and progesterone action via paracrine signaling. CONCLUSIONS It has been well established that estrogen and progesterone are involved in the proliferation and maintenance of uterine leiomyoma, and the majority of medical treatments currently available for leiomyoma work by inhibiting steroid hormone production or action. A pitfall of these therapeutics is that they decrease leiomyoma size, but do not completely eradicate them, and tumors tend to regrow once treatment is stopped. The recent discovery of stem cells and their paracrine interactions with more differentiated cell populations within leiomyoma has the potential to provide the missing link between developing therapeutics that temper leiomyoma growth and those that eradicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly B Moravek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John S Coon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew T Dyson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Erica E Marsh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Debabrata Chakravarti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - J Julie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Quin GJ, Lyons B, Len ACL, Madigan MC, Gillies MC. Proteome changes induced by laser in diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 43:180-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey J Quin
- Save Sight Institute; Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine; Macquarie University; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Brian Lyons
- Save Sight Institute; Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Alice CL Len
- Save Sight Institute; Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Michele C Madigan
- Save Sight Institute; Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Save Sight Institute; Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Roos J, Oancea C, Heinssmann M, Khan D, Held H, Kahnt AS, Capelo R, la Buscató E, Proschak E, Puccetti E, Steinhilber D, Fleming I, Maier TJ, Ruthardt M. 5-Lipoxygenase Is a Candidate Target for Therapeutic Management of Stem Cell–like Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5244-55. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Piva M, Domenici G, Iriondo O, Rábano M, Simões BM, Comaills V, Barredo I, López-Ruiz JA, Zabalza I, Kypta R, Vivanco MDM. Sox2 promotes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:66-79. [PMID: 24178749 PMCID: PMC3936493 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of resistance to therapy continues to be a serious clinical problem in breast cancer management. Cancer stem/progenitor cells have been shown to play roles in resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Here, we examined their role in the development of resistance to the oestrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen. Tamoxifen-resistant cells were enriched for stem/progenitors and expressed high levels of the stem cell marker Sox2. Silencing of the SOX2 gene reduced the size of the stem/progenitor cell population and restored sensitivity to tamoxifen. Conversely, ectopic expression of Sox2 reduced tamoxifen sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression profiling revealed activation of the Wnt signalling pathway in Sox2-expressing cells, and inhibition of Wnt signalling sensitized resistant cells to tamoxifen. Examination of patient tumours indicated that Sox2 levels are higher in patients after endocrine therapy failure, and also in the primary tumours of these patients, compared to those of responders. Together, these results suggest that development of tamoxifen resistance is driven by Sox2-dependent activation of Wnt signalling in cancer stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piva
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNEBilbao, Spain
| | | | - Oihana Iriondo
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNEBilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam Rábano
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNEBilbao, Spain
| | - Bruno M Simões
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNEBilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ignacio Zabalza
- Department of Pathology, Galdakao-Usansolo HospitalGaldakao, Spain
| | - Robert Kypta
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNEBilbao, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Maria d M Vivanco
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNEBilbao, Spain
- *Corresponding author: Tel: +34 944061322; Fax: +34 944061301; E-mail:
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49
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Choudhary RK. Mammary stem cells: expansion and animal productivity. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:36. [PMID: 25057352 PMCID: PMC4107933 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and characterization of mammary stem cells and progenitor cells from dairy animals is important in the understanding of mammogenesis, tissue turnover, lactation persistency and regenerative therapy. It has been realized by many investigators that altered lactation, long dry periods (non-milking period between two consecutive lactation cycles), abrupt cessation of lactation (common in water buffaloes) and disease conditions like mastitis, greatly reduce milk yield thus render huge financial losses within the dairy sector. Cellular manipulation of specialized cell types within the mammary gland, called mammary stem cells (MaSCs)/progenitor cells, might provide potential solutions to these problems and may improve milk production. In addition, MaSCs/progenitor cells could be used in regenerative therapy against tissue damage caused by mastitis. This review discusses methods of MaSC/progenitor cell manipulation and their mechanisms in bovine and caprine animals. Author believes that intervention of MaSCs/progenitor cells could lessen the huge financial losses to the dairy industry globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan K Choudhary
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
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Li S, Li S, Sun Y, Li L. The expression of β-catenin in different subtypes of breast cancer and its clinical significance. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7693-8. [PMID: 24801904 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is implicated in mammary oncogenesis. Reports of β-catenin expression and its association with outcome in breast cancer are controversial. This study was performed to address the distribution of β-catenin expression in invasive breast cancer and the correlation between β-catenin expression and survival of breast cancer patients, and to determine whether β-catenin was specifically activated in any molecular subtypes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a tissue microarray containing 169 invasive breast cancers to detect expression of β-catenin. One hundred thirty one of the 169 patients were followed up. Correlation between β-catenin expression and different molecular subtypes was determined using chi-square analysis. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. The invasive breast cancer displayed the different patterns of β-catenin expression from normal tissues with significantly increased cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of β-catenin. Aberrant β-catenin expression was observed in 109 in the 169 cases (64.50 %), and there was no difference in β-catenin expression in the four molecular subtypes. Furthermore, aberrant β-catenin expression was significantly associated with adverse outcome not only in the entire cohort but also in each of the different molecular subtypes. β-catenin activation is preferentially found and is associated with a poor clinical outcome in invasive breast cancer independent of molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan, China
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