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Hu X. The role of the BTLA-HVEM complex in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:358-370. [PMID: 38483699 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is widely recognized as a prevalent contributor to cancer mortality and ranks as the second most prevalent form of cancer among women across the globe. Hence, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies is imperative to effectively manage BC. The B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) complex has garnered significant scientific interest as a crucial regulator in various immune contexts. The interaction between BTLA-HVEM ligand on the surface of T cells results in reduced cellular activation, cytokine synthesis, and proliferation. The BTLA-HVEM complex has been investigated in various cancers, yet its specific mechanisms in BC remain indeterminate. In this study, we aim to examine the function of BTLA-HVEM and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence in relation to BC. The obstruction or augmentation of these pathways may potentially enhance the efficacy of BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- College of Health Industry, Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, 130000, China.
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2
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Basingab FS, Alzahrani RA, Alrofaidi AA, Barefah AS, Hammad RM, Alahdal HM, Alrahimi JS, Zaher KA, Algiraigri AH, El-Daly MM, Alkarim SA, Aldahlawi AM. Herpesvirus Entry Mediator as an Immune Checkpoint Target and a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Myeloid and Lymphoid Leukemia. Biomolecules 2024; 14:523. [PMID: 38785930 PMCID: PMC11117912 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is a molecular switch that can modulate immune responses against cancer. The significance of HVEM as an immune checkpoint target and a potential prognostic biomarker in malignancies is still controversial. This study aims to determine whether HVEM is an immune checkpoint target with inhibitory effects on anti-tumor CD4+ T cell responses in vitro and whether HVEM gene expression is dysregulated in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). HVEM gene expression in tumor cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ALL patients and healthy controls was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Tumor cells were left untreated (control) or were treated with an HVEM blocker before co-culturing with CD4+ T cells in vitro in a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-dependent proliferation assay. HVEM expression was upregulated in the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562) (FC = 376.3, p = 0.086) compared with normal embryonic kidney cells (Hek293). CD4+ T cell proliferation was significantly increased in the HVEM blocker-treated K562 cells (p = 0.0033). Significant HVEM differences were detected in ALL PBMCs compared with the controls, and these were associated with newly diagnosed ALL (p = 0.0011) and relapsed/refractory (p = 0.0051) B cell ALL (p = 0.0039) patients. A significant differentiation between malignant ALL and the controls was observed in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with AUC = 0.78 ± 0.092 (p = 0.014). These results indicate that HVEM is an inhibitory molecule that may serve as a target for immunotherapy and a potential ALL biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah S. Basingab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. Alrofaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Barefah
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan M. Hammad
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil M. Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princes Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan S. Alrahimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawther A. Zaher
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Algiraigri
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alkarim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cells Research Unit and Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cells Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M. Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Granda-Díaz R, Martínez-Pérez A, Aguilar-García C, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM, Gonzalez S. Beyond the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 era: promising role of the BTLA/HVEM axis as a future target for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 37649037 PMCID: PMC10466776 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies mainly relies on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. However, the limited overall responses and lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of patient´s response are major pitfalls limiting immunotherapy success. Hence, this reflects the compelling need of unveiling novel targets for immunotherapy that allow to expand the spectrum of ICB-based strategies to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy and benefit for cancer patients. This review thoroughly dissects current molecular and functional knowledge of BTLA/HVEM axis and the future perspectives to become a target for cancer immunotherapy. BTLA/HVEM dysregulation is commonly found and linked to poor prognosis in solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, circulating BTLA has been revealed as a blood-based predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in various cancers. On this basis, BTLA/HVEM axis emerges as a novel promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This prompted rapid development and clinical testing of the anti-BTLA blocking antibody Tifcemalimab/icatolimab as the first BTLA-targeted therapy in various ongoing phase I clinical trials with encouraging results on preliminary efficacy and safety profile as monotherapy and combined with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the intricate signaling network constituted by BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT involved in immune response regulation, tumor development and tumor microenvironment could limit therapeutic success. Therefore, in-depth functional characterization in different cancer settings is highly recommended for adequate design and implementation of BTLA-targeted therapies to guarantee the best clinical outcomes to benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Candelaria Aguilar-García
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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Liu Z, Li Z, Yan G, Lin C, Luo Y, Ye Y, Zeng X, Yao J. MIF promotes Th17 cell differentiation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis by binding HVEM and activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110494. [PMID: 37331297 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a typical thyroid autoimmune disease and Th17 cells are crucial in its development. In recent years, MIF (Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) has been found to promote the secretion of IL-17A and the production and differentiation of Th17 cells. However, the specific mechanism of it remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of MIF, IL-17A and HVEM (Herpes Virus Entry Mediator) were up-regulated in HT patients. The proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively correlated with the serum MIF protein level. We further found that the expression of HVEM and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HT patients were significantly increased. Therefore, we speculated that MIF promotes Th17 cell differentiation through HVEM and NF-κB signaling pathways. Further mechanism studies showed that MIF could directly bind to HVEM, and the stimulation of rhMIF in vitro could increase the expression of HVEM and activate NF-κB signaling pathways to promote Th17 cell differentiation. After blocking HVEM with HVEM antibody, the effect of MIF on Th17 cell differentiation disappeared. The results above show that the differentiation of Th17 cells is promoted by MIF combined with HVEM through NF-κB signaling pathways. Our research provides a new theory to the regulation mechanism of Th17 cell differentiation and gives hint to new potential therapeutic targets for HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaosheng Luo
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanshi Ye
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Zeng
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.
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Wakeley ME, Armstead BE, Gray CC, Tindal EW, Heffernan DS, Chung CS, Ayala A. Lymphocyte HVEM/BTLA co-expression after critical illness demonstrates severity indiscriminate upregulation, impacting critical illness-induced immunosuppression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176602. [PMID: 37305124 PMCID: PMC10248445 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The co-regulatory molecule, HVEM, can stimulate or inhibit immune function, but when co-expressed with BTLA, forms an inert complex preventing signaling. Altered HVEM or BTLA expression, separately have been associated with increased nosocomial infections in critical illness. Given that severe injury induces immunosuppression, we hypothesized that varying severity of shock and sepsis in murine models and critically ill patients would induce variable increases in HVEM/BTLA leukocyte co-expression. Methods In this study, varying severities of murine models of critical illness were utilized to explore HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression in the thymic and splenic immune compartments, while circulating blood lymphocytes from critically ill patients were also assessed for HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression. Results Higher severity murine models resulted in minimal change in HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression, while the lower severity model demonstrated increased HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression on thymic and splenic CD4+ lymphocytes and splenic B220+ lymphocytes at the 48-hour time point. Patients demonstrated increased co-expression of HVEM+BTLA+ on CD3+ lymphocytes compared to controls, as well as CD3+Ki67- lymphocytes. Both L-CLP 48hr mice and critically ill patients demonstrated significant increases in TNF-α. Discussion While HVEM increased on leukocytes after critical illness in mice and patients, changes in co-expression did not relate to degree of injury severity of murine model. Rather, co-expression increases were seen at later time points in lower severity models, suggesting this mechanism evolves temporally. Increased co-expression on CD3+ lymphocytes in patients on non-proliferating cells, and associated TNF-α level increases, suggest post-critical illness co-expression does associate with developing immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Wakeley
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brandon E. Armstead
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Graduate Pathobiology Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chyna C. Gray
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elizabeth W. Tindal
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daithi S. Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Cheng TY, Liu YJ, Yan H, Xi YB, Duan LQ, Wang Y, Zhang TT, Gu YM, Wang XD, Wu CX, Gao S. Tumor Cell-Intrinsic BTLA Receptor Inhibits the Proliferation of Tumor Cells via ERK1/2. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244021. [PMID: 36552785 PMCID: PMC9777428 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that mediates the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance. Consequently, BTLA and its ligand herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) are potentially immunotherapeutic targets. However, the potential effects of BTLA on tumor cells remain incompletely unknown. Here, we show that BTLA is expressed across a broad range of tumor cells. The depletion of BTLA or HVEM promotes cell proliferation and colony formation, which is reversed by the overexpression of BTLA in BTLA knockout cells. In contrast, overexpression of BTLA or HVEM inhibits tumor cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, the proliferation of a subpopulation with high BTLA was also significantly slower than that of the low BTLA subpopulation. Mechanistically, the coordination of BTLA and HVEM inhibits its major downstream extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, thus preventing tumor cell growth. This study demonstrates that tumor cell-intrinsic BTLA/HVEM is a potential tumor suppressor and is likely to have a potential antagonist for immunotherapy, thus representing a potential biomarker for the optimal cancer immunotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-You Cheng
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Ya-Juan Liu
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yi-Bo Xi
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Li-Qiang Duan
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yin-Min Gu
- Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Chang-Xin Wu
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Feng H, Zhao Z, Dong C. Adapting to the world: The determination and plasticity of T follicular helper cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:981-989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Azarafza M, Tehrani M, Valadan R, Maleki I, Mohammad Mehdi Ghaffari-Hamedani S, Ghanadan A, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Ajami A. Role of BTLA/HVEM network in development of gastric cancer. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:637-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Seliger B, Massa C. Modulation of Lymphocyte Functions in the Microenvironment by Tumor Oncogenic Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883639. [PMID: 35663987 PMCID: PMC9160824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the broad application of different immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of solid as well as hematopoietic cancers, the efficacy of these therapies is still limited, with only a minority of patients having a long-term benefit resulting in an improved survival rate. In order to increase the response rates of patients to the currently available immunotherapies, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the intrinsic and/or extrinsic resistance to treatment is required. There exist increasing evidences that activation of different oncogenic pathways as well as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in tumor cells inhibit the immune cell recognition and influegnce the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus leading to an impaired anti-tumoral immune response. A deeper understanding of the link between the tumor milieu and genomic alterations of TSGs and oncogenes is indispensable for the optimization of immunotherapies and to predict the patients’ response to these treatments. This review summarizes the role of different cancer-related, oncogene- and TSG-controlled pathways in the context of anti-tumoral immunity and response to different immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kovács SA, Győrffy B. Transcriptomic datasets of cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review. J Transl Med 2022; 20:249. [PMID: 35641998 PMCID: PMC9153191 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the last decade has resulted in a paradigm shift in certain areas of oncology. Patients can be treated either by a monotherapy of anti-CTLA-4 (tremelimumab or ipilimumab), anti-PD-1 (nivolumab or pembrolizumab), or anti-PD-L1 (avelumab or atezolizumab or durvalumab) or as combination therapy of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1. To maximize the clinical treatment benefit of cancer immunotherapy, the prediction of the actual immune response by the identification and application of clinically useful biomarkers will be required. Whole transcriptomic datasets of patients with ICI treatment could provide the basis for large-scale discovery and ranking of such potential biomarker candidates. In this review, we summarize currently available transcriptomic data from different biological sources (whole blood, fresh-frozen tissue, FFPE) obtained by different methods (microarray, RNA-Seq, RT-qPCR). We directly include only results from clinical trials and other investigations where an ICI treatment was administered. The available datasets are grouped based on the administered treatment and we also summarize the most important results in the individual cohorts. We discuss the limitations and shortcomings of the available datasets. Finally, a subset of animal studies is reviewed to provide an overview of potential in vivo ICI investigations. Our review can provide a swift reference for researchers aiming to find the most suitable study for their investigation, thus saving a significant amount of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szonja Anna Kovács
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary ,grid.429187.10000 0004 0635 9129Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary. .,Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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HSV-1 Infection of Epithelial Dendritic Cells Is a Critical Strategy for Interfering with Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051046. [PMID: 35632787 PMCID: PMC9147763 DOI: 10.3390/v14051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), an α subgroup member of the human herpesvirus family, infects cells via the binding of its various envelope glycoproteins to cellular membrane receptors, one of which is herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), expressed on dendritic cells. Here, HVEM gene-deficient mice were used to investigate the immunologic effect elicited by the HSV-1 infection of dendritic cells. Dendritic cells expressing the surface marker CD11c showed an abnormal biological phenotype, including the altered transcription of various immune signaling molecules and inflammatory factors associated with innate immunity after viral replication. Furthermore, the viral infection of dendritic cells interfered with dendritic cell function in the lymph nodes, where these cells normally play roles in activating the T-cell response. Additionally, the mild clinicopathological manifestations observed during the acute phase of HSV-1 infection were associated with viral replication in dendritic cells.
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12
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Identification of a Prognosis-Related Risk Signature for Bladder Cancer to Predict Survival and Immune Landscapes. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3236384. [PMID: 34708131 PMCID: PMC8545590 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3236384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide. Valuable biomarkers in the field of diagnostic bladder cancer are urgently required. Method Here, the gene expression matrix and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE13507, GSE32894, and Mariathasan et al. Five prognostic genes were identified by the univariate, robust, and multivariate Cox's regression and were used to develop a prognosis-related model. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristics were used to evaluate the model's effectiveness. The potential biological functions of the selected genes were analyzed using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms. Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) and PRISM datasets were used to identify drugs with high sensitivity. Subsequently, using the bladder cancer (BLCA) cell lines, the role of TNFRSF14 was determined by Western blotting, cell proliferation assay, and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay. Results GSDMB, CLEC2D, APOL2, TNFRSF14, and GBP2 were selected as prognostic genes in bladder cancer patients. The model's irreplaceable reliability was validated by the training and validation cohorts. CD8+ T cells were highly infiltrated in the high-TNFRSF14-expression group, and M2 macrophages were the opposite. Higher expression of TNFRSF14 was associated with higher expression levels of LCK, interferon, MHC-I, and MHC-II, while risk score was the opposite. Many compounds with higher sensitivity for treating bladder cancer patients in the low-TNFRSF14-expression group were identified, with obatoclax being a potential drug most likely to treat patients in the low-TNFRSF14-expression group. Finally, the proliferation of BLCA cell lines was increased in the TNFRSF14-reduced group, and the differential expression was identified. TNFRSF14 plays a role in bladder cancer progression through the Wnt/β-catenin-dependent pathway. TNFRSF14 is a potential protective biomarker involved in cell proliferation in BLCA. Conclusion We conducted a study to establish a 5-gene score model, providing reliable prediction for the outcome of bladder cancer patients and therapeutic drugs to individualize therapy. Our findings provide a signature that might help determine the optimal treatment for individual patients with bladder cancer.
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Aubert N, Brunel S, Olive D, Marodon G. Blockade of HVEM for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy in Humanized Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123009. [PMID: 34208480 PMCID: PMC8235544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Current immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limitations for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Thus, it is crucial to investigate other immune checkpoints to prevent disease progression in patients with prostate cancer. Here, we first show that the HVEM/BTLA immune checkpoint is associated with disease progression in patients. We then show that immunotherapy aimed at targeting HVEM reduced tumor growth twofold in vivo in a humanized mouse model of the pathology. The mode of action of the therapy was dependent on CD8+ T cells and is associated with improved T cell activation and reduced exhaustion. Finally, we demonstrated that HVEM expressed by the tumor negatively regulated the anti-tumor immune response. Our results indicate that targeting HVEM might be an attractive option for patients with prostate cancer. Abstract The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) delivers a negative signal to T cells mainly through the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) molecule. Thus, HVEM/BTLA may represent a novel immune checkpoint during an anti-tumor immune response. However, a formal demonstration that HVEM can represent a target for cancer immunotherapy is still lacking. Here, we first showed that HVEM and BTLA mRNA expression levels were associated with a worse progression-free interval in patients with prostate adenocarcinomas, indicating a detrimental role for the HVEM/BTLA immune checkpoint during prostate cancer progression. We then showed that administration of a monoclonal antibody to human HVEM resulted in a twofold reduction in the growth of a prostate cancer cell line in NOD.SCID.gc-null mice reconstituted with human T cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we showed that the therapeutic effect of the mAb depended on HVEM expression by the tumor, with no effect on graft vs. host disease or activation of human T cells in the spleen. In contrast, the proliferation and number of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes increased following treatment, and depletion of CD8+ T cells partly alleviated treatment’s efficacy. The expression of genes belonging to various T cell activation pathways was enriched in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, whereas genes associated with immuno-suppressive pathways were decreased, possibly resulting in modifications of leukocyte adhesion and motility. Finally, we developed a simple in vivo assay in humanized mice to directly demonstrate that HVEM expressed by the tumor is an immune checkpoint for T cell-mediated tumor control. Our results show that targeting HVEM is a promising strategy for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aubert
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Simon Brunel
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel Olive
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, CRCM, Tumor Immunity Team, IBISA Immunomonitoring Platform, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Alonso-Alonso R, Rodriguez M, Morillo D, Cordoba R, Piris MA. An analysis of genetic targets for guiding clinical management of follicular lymphoma. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:1361-1372. [PMID: 33176509 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1850252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) types, where genomic studies have accumulated potentially useful information about frequently mutated genes and deregulated pathways, which has allowed to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this tumor and the complex interrelationship between the tumoral cells and the stroma. Areas covered: The results of the molecular studies performed on Follicular Lymphoma have been here reviewed, summarizing the results of the clinical trials so far developed on this basis and discussing the reasons for the successes and failures. Searches were performed on June 1st, 2020, in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. Expert opinion: Targeted therapy for follicular lymphoma has multiple opportunities including the use of epigenetic drugs, PI3K inhibitors, modifiers of the immune stroma and others. Data currently known on FL pathogenesis suggest that combining these treatments with immunotherapy should be explored in clinical trials, mainly for patients with clinical progression or adverse prognostic markers. Association of targeted trials with dynamic molecular studies of the tumor and serum samples is advised. Chemotherapy-free approaches should also be explored as first-line therapy for FL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Alonso-Alonso
- Services of Pathology and Haematology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz , Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodriguez
- Services of Pathology and Haematology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz , Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morillo
- Services of Pathology and Haematology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz , Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Cordoba
- Services of Pathology and Haematology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz , Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Services of Pathology and Haematology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz , Madrid, Spain
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15
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Zhu JH, Yan QL, Wang JW, Chen Y, Ye QH, Wang ZJ, Huang T. The Key Genes for Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Identified With Monte-Carlo Feature Selection Method. Front Genet 2020; 11:554502. [PMID: 33193628 PMCID: PMC7593847 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.554502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. Its 5-year survival rate is only 3–5%. Perineural invasion (PNI) is a process of cancer cells invading the surrounding nerves and perineural spaces. It is considered to be associated with the poor prognosis of PDAC. About 90% of pancreatic cancer patients have PNI. The high incidence of PNI in pancreatic cancer limits radical resection and promotes local recurrence, which negatively affects life quality and survival time of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Objectives To investigate the mechanism of PNI in pancreatic cancer, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of tumors and adjacent tissues from 50 PDAC patients which included 28 patients with perineural invasion and 22 patients without perineural invasion. Method Using Monte-Carlo feature selection and Incremental Feature Selection (IFS) method, we identified 26 key features within which 15 features were from tumor tissues and 11 features were from adjacent tissues. Results Our results suggested that not only the tumor tissue, but also the adjacent tissue, was informative for perineural invasion prediction. The SVM classifier based on these 26 key features can predict perineural invasion accurately, with a high accuracy of 0.94 evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). Conclusion The in-depth biological analysis of key feature genes, such as TNFRSF14, XPO1, and ATF3, shed light on the understanding of perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Liang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Huang Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Wakeley ME, Shubin NJ, Monaghan SF, Gray CC, Ayala A, Heffernan DS. Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM): A Novel Potential Mediator of Trauma-Induced Immunosuppression. J Surg Res 2020; 245:610-618. [PMID: 31522034 PMCID: PMC6900447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a coinhibitory molecule which can both stimulate and inhibit host immune responses. Altered expression of HVEM and its ligands is associated with increased nosocomial infections in septic patients. We hypothesize critically ill trauma patients will display increased lymphocyte HVEM expression and that such alteration is predictive of infectious events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trauma patients prospectively enrolled from the ICU were compared with healthy controls. Leukocytes were isolated from whole blood, stained for CD3 (lymphocytes) and HVEM, and evaluated by flow cytometry. Charts were reviewed for injuries sustained, APACHE II score, hospital course, and secondary infections. RESULTS Trauma patients (n = 31) were older (46.7 ± 2.4 versus 36.8 ± 2.1 y; P = 0.03) than healthy controls (n = 10), but matched for male sex (74% versus 60%; P = 0.4). Trauma patients had higher presenting WBC (13.9 ± 1.3 versus 5.6 ± 0.5 × 106/mL; P = 0.002), lower percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes (7.5% ± 0.8 versus 22.5% ± 0.9; P < 0.001), but significantly greater expression of HVEM+/CD3+ lymphocytes (89.6% ± 1.46 versus 67.3% ± 1.7; P < 0.001). Among trauma patients, secondary infection during the hospitalization was associated with higher APACHE II scores (20.6 ± 1.6 versus 13.6 ± 1.4; P = 0.03) and markedly lower CD3+ lymphocyte HVEM expression (75% ± 2.6 versus 93% ± 0.7; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS HVEM expression on CD3+ cells increases after trauma. Patients developing secondary infections have less circulating HVEM+CD3+. This implies HVEM signaling in lymphocytes plays a role in maintaining host defense to infection in after trauma. HVEM expression may represent a marker of infectious risk as well as a potential therapeutic target, modulating immune responses to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Wakeley
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nicholas J Shubin
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chyna C Gray
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
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Liu W, Garrett SC, Fedorov EV, Ramagopal UA, Garforth SJ, Bonanno JB, Almo SC. Structural Basis of CD160:HVEM Recognition. Structure 2019; 27:1286-1295.e4. [PMID: 31230945 PMCID: PMC7477951 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD160 is a signaling molecule that interacts with herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and contributes to a wide range of immune responses, including T cell inhibition, natural killer cell activation, and mucosal immunity. GPI-anchored and transmembrane isoforms of CD160 share the same ectodomain responsible for HVEM engagement, which leads to bidirectional signaling. Despite the importance of the CD160:HVEM signaling axis and its therapeutic relevance, the structural and mechanistic basis underlying CD160-HVEM engagement has not been described. We report the crystal structures of the human CD160 extracellular domain and its complex with human HVEM. CD160 adopts a unique variation of the immunoglobulin fold and exists as a monomer in solution. The CD160:HVEM assembly exhibits a 1:1 stoichiometry and a binding interface similar to that observed in the BTLA:HVEM complex. Our work reveals the chemical and physical determinants underlying CD160:HVEM recognition and initiation of associated signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA,Present address: Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue. South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah C. Garrett
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elena V. Fedorov
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Udupi A. Ramagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA,Present address: Poomaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, #4, 16th Cross, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Bonanno
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence:
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Tahmasebi S, Elahi R, Esmaeilzadeh A. Solid Tumors Challenges and New Insights of CAR T Cell Engineering. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:619-636. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Meng Q, Zaidi AK, Sedy J, Bensussan A, Popkin DL. Soluble Fc-Disabled Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Augments Activation and Cytotoxicity of NK Cells by Promoting Cross-Talk between NK Cells and Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:2057-2068. [PMID: 30770415 PMCID: PMC6424646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD160 is highly expressed by NK cells and is associated with cytolytic effector activity. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) activates NK cells for cytokine production and cytolytic function via CD160. Fc-fusions are a well-established class of therapeutics, where the Fc domain provides additional biological and pharmacological properties to the fusion protein including enhanced serum t 1/2 and interaction with Fc receptor-expressing immune cells. We evaluated the specific function of HVEM in regulating CD160-mediated NK cell effector function by generating a fusion of the HVEM extracellular domain with human IgG1 Fc bearing CD16-binding mutations (Fc*) resulting in HVEM-(Fc*). HVEM-(Fc*) displayed reduced binding to the Fc receptor CD16 (i.e., Fc-disabled HVEM), which limited Fc receptor-induced responses. HVEM-(Fc*) functional activity was compared with HVEM-Fc containing the wild type human IgG1 Fc. HVEM-(Fc*) treatment of NK cells and PBMCs caused greater IFN-γ production, enhanced cytotoxicity, reduced NK fratricide, and no change in CD16 expression on human NK cells compared with HVEM-Fc. HVEM-(Fc*) treatment of monocytes or PBMCs enhanced the expression level of CD80, CD83, and CD40 expression on monocytes. HVEM-(Fc*)-enhanced NK cell activation and cytotoxicity were promoted via cross-talk between NK cells and monocytes that was driven by cell-cell contact. In this study, we have shown that soluble Fc-disabled HVEM-(Fc*) augments NK cell activation, IFN-γ production, and cytotoxicity of NK cells without inducing NK cell fratricide by promoting cross-talk between NK cells and monocytes without Fc receptor-induced effects. Soluble Fc-disabled HVEM-(Fc*) may be considered as a research and potentially therapeutic reagent for modulating immune responses via sole activation of HVEM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglai Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006, China
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Asifa K Zaidi
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - John Sedy
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM UMR 976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Daniel L Popkin
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Resveratrol antagonizes thyroid hormone-induced expression of checkpoint and proliferative genes in oral cancer cells. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:255-262. [PMID: 31528253 PMCID: PMC6739295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoint control may lead to the independence of growth regulating signals. Checkpoint protein such as the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint involving tumor cells and host immune defense lymphocytes is a well-studied therapeutic target in oncology. Acting at a cell surface receptor on plasma membrane integrin αvβ3, thyroxine stimulates intracellular accumulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells. Although resveratrol also binds to integrin αvβ3, it reduces PD-L1 expression. Materials and methods In current studies, we investigated the roles of resveratrol and thyroxine in regulating expression of proliferation-related genes and checkpoint genes, PD-L1, BTLA in two oral cancer cell lines. Results Thyroxine suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic BAD but induced proliferative CCND1 expression in SSC-25 cells and OEC-M1 cells. It activated expression of PD-L1 and BTLA in both cell lines. On the other hand, resveratrol suppressed the expression of all. Alternatively, it activated BAD expression. Thus thyroxine induces checkpoint gene expression which may promote proliferation in cancer cells. Alternatively, resveratrol reverses the stimulatory effects of thyroid hormone to induce anti-proliferation. Conclusion These findings provide new insights into the antagonizing effect of resveratrol on the thyroxine-induced expression of checkpoint genes and proliferative genes in oral cancers.
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Mochizuki K, Kawana S, Yamada S, Muramatsu M, Sano H, Kobayashi S, Ohara Y, Takahashi N, Hakozaki M, Yamada H, Hashimoto Y, Kikuta A. Various checkpoint molecules, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in common pediatric solid tumors: Possibilities for novel immunotherapy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 36:17-27. [PMID: 30870043 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1578843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survival rates for pediatric patients with cancer have significantly improved, but novel approaches are desired for those with refractory/relapsed solid tumors. Recently, programed cell death-1/programed cell death-ligand-1 blockade has emerged as an effective option for many intractable cancers. However, not all patients show objective response to such therapy. On the other hand, several other checkpoint pathways, including Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)/B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), galectin-9 (GAL9)/T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)/lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3), also regulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and may be alternative targets for novel immune therapies. In this study, we examined 65 common pediatric solid tumors and characterized the expression of Herpes virus entry mediator, GAL9, and MHC-II on tumor cells and their corresponding receptors B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator, TIM3, and LAG3, respectively, on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with immunohistochemistry. Whereas the expression of GAL9 and MHC-II was limited, 73% of rhabdomyosarcomas and 100% of osteosarcomas expressed moderate to high levels of Herpes virus entry mediator on the tumor. TILs were detected in all tumor samples except one osteosarcoma. Interestingly, 45% of rhabdomyosarcomas, and 45% of osteosarcomas expressed moderate to high levels of both Herpes virus entry mediator on the tumor cells and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator on the TILs. Results showed that a subset of pediatric solid tumors expressed tumor-associated checkpoint molecules, and TILs expressed corresponding receptors for these checkpoint molecules. Thus, immunogenic environments may be created, and checkpoint blockade may induce favorable immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Mochizuki
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawana
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Shoki Yamada
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Moe Muramatsu
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Hideki Sano
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohara
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Takahashi
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Michiyuki Hakozaki
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamada
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kikuta
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
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Tang Q, Duan Y, Xiong H, Chen T, Xiao Z, Wang L, Xiao Y, Huang S, Xiong Y, Zhu W, Gong P, Zheng P. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 6,7-disubstituted-4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives bearing the 1,8-naphthyridin-2-one moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:201-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Distinct Changes of BTLA and HVEM Expressions in Circulating CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4561571. [PMID: 30116751 PMCID: PMC6079568 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4561571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BTLA/HVEM (B and T lymphocyte attenuator/herpes virus entry mediator) pathways play a critical role in T cell suppression in tumor. However, its dynamic changes in different T cell subsets in peripheral blood and their clinical significance are largely unclear in cancer patients. In the current study, we showed distinct changes of BTLA and HVEM expressions on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); BTLA expression were significantly upregulated on circulating CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells. In sharp contrast, the levels of HVEM expression were significantly downregulated on circulating CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells. A strong positive correlation between BTLA expression on circulating CD4+ T cells and BTLA expression on autologous CD8+ counterparts was observed in healthy donors but absent in HCC patients. More importantly, we found that blockade of the BTLA/HVEM pathway increased IFN-γ production in both circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, our data suggested that the BTLA/HVEM pathway contributes to peripheral T cell suppression in HCC patients, and BTLA/HVEM may serve as attractive targets for HCC immunotherapy.
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Ozen M, Novak C, Burd I. Placenta immune infiltrates and perinatal outcomes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12850. [PMID: 29577494 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a state of immunotolerance and loss of this immunotolerance may lead to fetal rejection, pregnancy complications, and neonatal complications. Immunobiology of pregnancy is complex and involves unique immune cell populations specific to pregnancy, changes in mucosal immune cells and peripheral immune system, and reciprocal adaptations between the mother and the fetus. The mechanisms required for sustaining a healthy feto-placental barrier and a healthy pregnancy such as activation of regulatory immune responses with a predominance of regulatory T cells lead to immune evasion and propagation of cancer. It is intriguing to note that the immune pathways which are effective in limiting or eliminating cancer form the very basis for loss of feto-maternal tolerance. In this article, we aim to compare and contrast immunobiology of healthy and pathological pregnancies mirroring with cancer immunobiology with a focus on immune checkpoint receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maide Ozen
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Novak
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Zhang E, Gu J, Xu H. Prospects for chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy for solid tumors. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:7. [PMID: 29329591 PMCID: PMC5767005 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for adoptive cell immunotherapy as a treatment against cancers has been demonstrated by the remarkable response in some patients with hematological malignancies using autologous T cells endowed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) specific for CD19. Clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors, however, is rare due to physical and biochemical factors. This review focuses on different aspects of multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression in solid tumors. We characterize the current state of CAR-modified T cell therapy and summarize the various strategies to combat the immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors, with the aim of promoting T cell cytotoxicity and enhancing tumor cell eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyi Gu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Hobo W, Hutten TJA, Schaap NPM, Dolstra H. Immune checkpoint molecules in acute myeloid leukaemia: managing the double-edged sword. Br J Haematol 2018; 181:38-53. [PMID: 29318591 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New immunotherapeutic interventions have revolutionized cancer treatment. The immune responsiveness of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was first demonstrated by allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In addition, milder immunotherapeutic approaches are exploited. However, the long-term efficacy of these therapies is hampered by various immune resistance and editing mechanisms. In this regard, co-inhibitory signalling pathways have been shown to play a crucial role. Via up-regulation of inhibitory checkpoints, tumour-reactive T cell and Natural Killer cell responses can be strongly impeded. Accordingly, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 (CTLA4) and PD-1 (PDCD1, CD279)/PD-L1 (CD274, PDCD1LG1) accomplished a breakthrough in cancer treatment, with impressive clinical responses. Numerous new co-inhibitory players and novel combination therapies are currently investigated for their potential to boost anti-tumour immunity and improve survival of cancer patients. Although the challenge here remains to avoid severe systemic toxicity. This review addresses the involvement of co-inhibitory signalling in AML immune evasion and discusses the opportunities for checkpoint blockers in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J A Hutten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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27
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Amin AD, Peters TL, Li L, Rajan SS, Choudhari R, Puvvada SD, Schatz JH. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: can genomics improve treatment options for a curable cancer? Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:a001719. [PMID: 28487884 PMCID: PMC5411687 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-expression profiling and next-generation sequencing have defined diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma diagnosis, as a heterogeneous group of subentities. Despite ongoing explosions of data illuminating disparate pathogenic mechanisms, however, the five-drug chemoimmunotherapy combination R-CHOP remains the frontline standard treatment. This has not changed in 15 years, since the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab was added to the CHOP backbone, which first entered use in the 1970s. At least a third of patients are not cured by R-CHOP, and relapsed or refractory DLBCL is fatal in ∼90%. Targeted small-molecule inhibitors against distinct molecular pathways activated in different subgroups of DLBCL have so far translated poorly into the clinic, justifying the ongoing reliance on R-CHOP and other long-established chemotherapy-driven combinations. New drugs and improved identification of biomarkers in real time, however, show potential to change the situation eventually, despite some recent setbacks. Here, we review established and putative molecular drivers of DLBCL identified through large-scale genomics, highlighting among other things the care that must be taken when differentiating drivers from passengers, which is influenced by the promiscuity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Furthermore, we discuss why, despite having so much genomic data available, it has been difficult to move toward personalized medicine for this umbrella disorder and some steps that may be taken to hasten the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dipak Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Tara L Peters
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Ramesh Choudhari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Soham D Puvvada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
| | - Jonathan H Schatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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28
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Zhao Q, Zhang GL, Zhu X, Su D, Huang ZL, Hu ZX, Peng L. The paradoxical changes of membrane and soluble herpes virus entry mediator in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1520-1524. [PMID: 27987232 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) network has become new directions in targeting novel checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy. However, the changes of membrane-bound HVEM (mHVEM) and soluble HVEM (sHVEM) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not fully understood. This study aims to study the changes of mHVEM and sHVEM in HCC patients. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 65 HCC patients, from which sHVEM levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expressions of mHVEM on peripheral lymphocytes from 20 HCC patients were determined using flow cytometry, and associations between mHVEM on T and B cells were analyzed. RESULTS The levels of mHVEM were downregulated on peripheral lymphocytes in HCC patients, with a strong positive correlation between mHVEM expression on T and B cells. In contrast, the levels of soluble HVEM were upregulated in the serum of HCC patients. Furthermore, we found that the increase in sHVEM level was correlated with advanced stages HCC. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated paradoxical changes of membrane and soluble HVEM in the peripheral blood of HCC patients for the first time. These data supported the notion that roles of HVEM are likely to be immunosuppressive rather than activating tumor immunity. Future studies are warranted to further explore the translational values of mHVEM and sHVEM in peripheral blood as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Lian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Tsang JYS, Chan KW, Ni YB, Hlaing T, Hu J, Chan SK, Cheung SY, Tse GM. Expression and Clinical Significance of Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) in Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:4042-4050. [PMID: 28612127 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockades are currently actively investigated in invasive breast cancers. Given the complexity of immune regulation, multiple inhibitory molecules within the immune checkpoint framework would be involved in tumor immune escape. Evaluation of the components within the framework is a prerequisite for not only identification of additional treatment targets and optimization of immunotherapeutic strategies but also understanding the prognostic value of these molecules. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined a recently described component, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), in a large cohort of invasive breast cancers using immunohistochemistry, and evaluated its clinical relevance. HVEM expression was associated with aggressive tumor features, namely high grade (p < 0.001), high pT (p = 0.001) and pN stage (p = 0.008), and was most prevalently found in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed subtype (67%). Interestingly, a negative association with programmed death-ligand 1 (p = 0.021) has been observed. The prognostic impact of HVEM depended on the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), with the worst outcome occurring in patients with low TIL, HVEM-positive tumors. CONCLUSION HVEM plays significant oncogenic roles in breast carcinogenesis, and may also be a tumor-specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y S Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-Wing Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Bi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Thazin Hlaing
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sao Januario, Macao Sar, China
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Siu-Ki Chan
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
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30
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Sideras K, Biermann K, Yap K, Mancham S, Boor PPC, Hansen BE, Stoop HJA, Peppelenbosch MP, van Eijck CH, Sleijfer S, Kwekkeboom J, Bruno MJ. Tumor cell expression of immune inhibitory molecules and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte count predict cancer-specific survival in pancreatic and ampullary cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:572-582. [PMID: 28470686 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of immune resistance in pancreatic and ampullary cancers is crucial for the development of suitable biomarkers and effective immunotherapeutics. Our aim was to examine the expression of the immune inhibiting molecules PD-L1, Galectin-9, HVEM, IDO and HLA-G, as well as CD8+ and FoxP3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), in pancreatic and ampullary cancers, and to relate their individual, as well as their combined expression, to cancer survival. Tumor tissue from 224 patients with resected pancreatic (n = 148) and ampullary (n = 76) cancer was used to construct tissue-microarrays. Expression of immune inhibitory molecules and TIL was examined by immunohistochemistry. We show that immune inhibitory molecules are prevalently expressed. Moreover, high tumor expression of PD-L1 (p = 0.002), Gal-9 (p = 0.003), HVEM (p = 0.001), IDO (p = 0.049), HLA-G (p = 0.004) and high CD8/FoxP3 TIL ratio (p = 0.006) were associated with improved cancer-specific survival. All immune biomarkers, with the exception of IDO, were individually predictive of cancer-specific survival when adjusted for clinicopathologic characteristics. For every additional immune biomarker present survival was almost two-fold prolonged (HR 0.57 95%CI 0.47-0.69, p < 0.0001). When patients with pancreatic and ampullary cancer were analyzed separately the results were similar. We conclude that pancreas and ampullary cancers are rich in expression of immune-inhibitory molecules. These molecules can be targets for future immunotherapeutics, as well as form powerful immunological biomarkers. We propose that such immune biomarker panels be included in future prospective immunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostandinos Sideras
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Biermann
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Yap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina E Hansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J A Stoop
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper H van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Oncology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Lan X, Li S, Gao H, Nanding A, Quan L, Yang C, Ding S, Xue Y. Increased BTLA and HVEM in gastric cancer are associated with progression and poor prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:919-926. [PMID: 28243127 PMCID: PMC5317317 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s128825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Deregulation of immune checkpoint molecules by tumor cells is related to immune escape. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the appearance of B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and its ligand herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) with the prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Patients and methods A total of 136 patients with curative gastrectomy were included. The expression of BTLA and HVEM was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its correlation with the clinical significance of gastric cancer was further analyzed. Results The positivity of BTLA and HVEM was detected in 74.3% (101/136) and 89.0% (121/136) of the gastric cancer specimens, respectively. A high expression of BTLA and HVEM was detected, respectively, in 28.7% (39/136) and 44.9% (61/136) of the specimens. Characteristics analysis showed that the high expression of BTLA was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.030). Similarly, the high expression of HVEM was also significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.007) and depth of invasion (P=0.011). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the expression of BTLA and HVEM in gastric cancer specimens (r=0.245, P=0.004). Univariate analysis revealed that the high expression of BTLA and HVEM was associated with overall survival of patients along with tumor size, Borrmann type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and histological grade (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis established that the high expression of HVEM (P=0.010), depth of invasion (P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), and histological grade (P=0.027) were independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion The increased BTLA and HVEM levels correlate with the development and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. HVEM is an important prognostic indicator, and BTLA/HVEM pathway is considered to be a promising candidate for immunotherapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Lan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | | | - Lina Quan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Catakovic K, Klieser E, Neureiter D, Geisberger R. T cell exhaustion: from pathophysiological basics to tumor immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:1. [PMID: 28073373 PMCID: PMC5225559 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is capable of distinguishing between danger- and non-danger signals, thus inducing either an appropriate immune response against pathogens and cancer or inducing self-tolerance to avoid autoimmunity and immunopathology. One of the mechanisms that have evolved to prevent destruction by the immune system, is to functionally silence effector T cells, termed T cell exhaustion, which is also exploited by viruses and cancers for immune escape In this review, we discuss some of the phenotypic markers associated with T cell exhaustion and we summarize current strategies to reinvigorate exhausted T cells by blocking these surface marker using monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Catakovic
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria. .,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria.
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33
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Sideras K, Biermann K, Verheij J, Takkenberg BR, Mancham S, Hansen BE, Schutz HM, de Man RA, Sprengers D, Buschow SI, Verseput MCM, Boor PPC, Pan Q, van Gulik TM, Terkivatan T, Ijzermans JNM, Beuers UHW, Sleijfer S, Bruno MJ, Kwekkeboom J. PD-L1, Galectin-9 and CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1273309. [PMID: 28344887 PMCID: PMC5353918 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1273309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel systemic treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are strongly needed. Immunotherapy is a promising strategy that can induce specific antitumor immune responses. Understanding the mechanisms of immune resistance by HCC is crucial for development of suitable immunotherapeutics. We used immunohistochemistry on tissue-microarrays to examine the co-expression of the immune inhibiting molecules PD-L1, Galectin-9, HVEM and IDO, as well as tumor CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration in HCC, in two independent cohorts of patients. We found that at least some expression in tumor cells was seen in 97% of cases for HVEM, 83% for PD-L1, 79% for Gal-9 and 66% for IDO. In the discovery cohort (n = 94), we found that lack of, or low, tumor expression of PD-L1 (p < 0.001), Galectin-9 (p < 0.001) and HVEM (p < 0.001), and low CD8+TIL count (p = 0.016), were associated with poor HCC-specific survival. PD-L1, Galectin-9 and CD8+TIL count were predictive of HCC-specific survival independent of baseline clinicopathologic characteristics and the combination of these markers was a powerful predictor of HCC-specific survival (HR 0.29; p <0.001). These results were confirmed in the validation cohort (n = 60). We show that low expression levels of PD-L1 and Gal-9 in combination with low CD8+TIL count predict extremely poor HCC-specific survival and it requires a change in two of these parameters to significantly improve prognosis. In conclusion, intra-tumoral expression of these immune inhibiting molecules was observed in the majority of HCC patients. Low expression of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 and low CD8+TIL count are associated with poor HCC-specific survival. Combining immune biomarkers leads to superior predictors of HCC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostandinos Sideras
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Biermann
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart R Takkenberg
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bettina E Hansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Schutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A de Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Buschow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maddy C M Verseput
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Turkan Terkivatan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich H W Beuers
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Oncology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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34
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Boice M, Salloum D, Mourcin F, Sanghvi V, Amin R, Oricchio E, Jiang M, Mottok A, Denis-Lagache N, Ciriello G, Tam W, Teruya-Feldstein J, de Stanchina E, Chan WC, Malek SN, Ennishi D, Brentjens RJ, Gascoyne RD, Cogné M, Tarte K, Wendel HG. Loss of the HVEM Tumor Suppressor in Lymphoma and Restoration by Modified CAR-T Cells. Cell 2016; 167:405-418.e13. [PMID: 27693350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The HVEM (TNFRSF14) receptor gene is among the most frequently mutated genes in germinal center lymphomas. We report that loss of HVEM leads to cell-autonomous activation of B cell proliferation and drives the development of GC lymphomas in vivo. HVEM-deficient lymphoma B cells also induce a tumor-supportive microenvironment marked by exacerbated lymphoid stroma activation and increased recruitment of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. These changes result from the disruption of inhibitory cell-cell interactions between the HVEM and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) receptors. Accordingly, administration of the HVEM ectodomain protein (solHVEM(P37-V202)) binds BTLA and restores tumor suppression. To deliver solHVEM to lymphomas in vivo, we engineered CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that produce solHVEM locally and continuously. These modified CAR-T cells show enhanced therapeutic activity against xenografted lymphomas. Hence, the HVEM-BTLA axis opposes lymphoma development, and our study illustrates the use of CAR-T cells as "micro-pharmacies" able to deliver an anti-cancer protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boice
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darin Salloum
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frederic Mourcin
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Viraj Sanghvi
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rada Amin
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL SV-Batiment 19, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anja Mottok
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Denis-Lagache
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque, UMR 7276, Université de Limoges, 8700 Limoges, France
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility and Molecular Pharmacology Department, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sami N Malek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michel Cogné
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque, UMR 7276, Université de Limoges, 8700 Limoges, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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35
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Houot R, Gaulard P, Schreiber R, Mellman I, Lambotte O, Coulie PG, Fest T, Korman A, Levy R, Shipp M, Tarte K, Kohrt H, Marabelle A, Ansell S, Watier H, van Elsas A, Balakumaran A, Arce Vargas F, Quezada SA, Salles G, Olive D. Immunomodulatory antibodies for the treatment of lymphoma: Report on the CALYM Workshop. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1186323. [PMID: 27622041 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1186323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2015, the CALYM Carnot Institute held a 2-d workshop to discuss the current and future development of immunomodulatory antibodies for the treatment of lymphoma. Highlights from the workshop are presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roch Houot
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Rennes , Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Department of Pathology, Inserm U955, Université Paris-Est, CHU Henri Mondor , Créteil, France
| | - Robert Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University , St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Olivier Lambotte
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ronald Levy
- Stanford School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Holbrook Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Ansell
- Division of Hematology , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hervé Watier
- CHRU de Tours, Université François-Rabelais and CNRS, UMR7292 , Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Salles
- Department of Hematology, Université Claude Bernard, Hospices Civils de Lyon , INSERM 1052 , Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Inserm UMR 1068, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille, France
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36
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Farkona S, Diamandis EP, Blasutig IM. Cancer immunotherapy: the beginning of the end of cancer? BMC Med 2016; 14:73. [PMID: 27151159 PMCID: PMC4858828 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
These are exciting times for cancer immunotherapy. After many years of disappointing results, the tide has finally changed and immunotherapy has become a clinically validated treatment for many cancers. Immunotherapeutic strategies include cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated T and natural killer cells, and administration of antibodies or recombinant proteins that either costimulate cells or block the so-called immune checkpoint pathways. The recent success of several immunotherapeutic regimes, such as monoclonal antibody blocking of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), has boosted the development of this treatment modality, with the consequence that new therapeutic targets and schemes which combine various immunological agents are now being described at a breathtaking pace. In this review, we outline some of the main strategies in cancer immunotherapy (cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and oncolytic viruses) and discuss the progress in the synergistic design of immune-targeting combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Farkona
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan M Blasutig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabet St. Rm 3EB-365, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada.
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37
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Szczubiałka K, Pyrć K, Nowakowska M. In search for effective and definitive treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a nuclear replicating enveloped virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Pyrć
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
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38
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Lichtenegger FS, Kondla I, Krempasky M, Weber AL, Herold T, Krupka C, Spiekermann K, Schneider S, Büchner T, Berdel WE, Wörmann BJ, Hiddemann W, Subklewe M. RNA and protein expression of herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is associated with molecular markers, immunity-related pathways and relapse-free survival of patients with AML. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1505-15. [PMID: 26377688 PMCID: PMC11028999 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are highly relevant as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in malignant diseases. HVEM belongs to the TNF receptor family and provides stimulatory as well as inhibitory signals depending on the ligand. Abnormal HVEM expression has been described in various malignancies, but the role in AML is unknown. Here we report extensive data on HVEM surface protein expression analyzed by flow cytometry on bone marrow leukemic cells of 169 AML patients at diagnosis. An independent cohort of 512 AML patients was analyzed for HVEM mRNA expression in bone marrow samples by Affymetrix microarrays. Consistently for both cohorts and methods, we show that HVEM was differentially expressed and that expression levels were associated with defined genetic markers. HVEM expression was lower in cases with FLT3-ITD (p = 0.001, p < 0.001), with mutations in NPM1 (p = 0.001, p < 0.001) or with the combination of NPM1 mutation and FLT3 wild type (p = 0.049, p = 0.050), while a biallelic mutation in CEBPA correlated positively with higher HVEM expression (p = 0.015, p < 0.001). In a differential gene expression analysis, we found 13 genes including HOXA9, MEIS1 and MN1 that were closely associated with HVEM expression. Besides, four gene sets closely linked to immunity were enriched in HVEM (high) samples. Finally, high expression of HVEM was associated with a trend toward longer relapse-free survival. The results of this study provide new information on the potential significance of HVEM in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nucleophosmin
- RNA/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Lichtenegger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Isabell Kondla
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Krempasky
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna L Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Pathogenesis of Acute Leukemia, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Pathogenesis of Acute Leukemia, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Büchner
- Department of Medicine A, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Pathogenesis of Acute Leukemia, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Turnis ME, Andrews LP, Vignali DAA. Inhibitory receptors as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1892-905. [PMID: 26018646 PMCID: PMC4549156 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells control immune responses while limiting autoimmunity. However, tumors can hijack these "checkpoints" for protection from immune attack. Tumor-specific T cells that exhibit an exhausted, unresponsive phenotype express high levels of inhibitory receptors including CTLA4, PD1, and LAG3, among others. Intratumoral regulatory T cells promote immunosuppression and also express multiple inhibitory receptors. Overcoming this inhibitory receptor-mediated immune tolerance has thus been a major focus of recent cancer immunotherapeutic developments. Here, we review how boosting the host's immune system by blocking inhibitory receptor signaling with antagonistic mAbs restores the capacity of T cells to drive durable antitumor immune responses. Clinical trials targeting the CTLA4 and PD1 pathways have shown durable effects in multiple tumor types. Many combinatorial therapies are currently being investigated with encouraging results that highlight enhanced antitumor immunogenicity and improved patient survival. Finally, we will discuss the ongoing identification and dissection of novel T-cell inhibitory receptor pathways, which could lead to the development of new combinatorial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Turnis
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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40
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Shin DS, Ribas A. The evolution of checkpoint blockade as a cancer therapy: what's here, what's next? Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:23-35. [PMID: 25621841 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unleashing the immune system to fight cancer has become one of the main treatment modalities since the anti-CTLA-4 antibody, ipilimumab was approved for patients with advanced melanoma in 2011. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, two anti-PD-1 antibodies recently approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma, are being actively investigated for the treatment of multiple caners including lung, breast, bladder and renal cancers along with other anti-PD-1/L1 antibodies. Early results of combining of anti-CTLA-4 antibody and anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for advanced melanoma patients are showing impressive response rates with manageable toxicity profiles. There are several other checkpoint molecules that are likely potential inhibitory targets. The outcome of blocking some of these negative immune regulators, such as LAG-3 or TIM-3, is being pursued in the clinic or about to enter clinical development. Blockade of these molecules is demonstrating promising preclinical activity alone or when combined with anti-PD-1/L1. Future studies will define bio-markers of these therapies and how to target them alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical-Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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41
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Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma. The vast majority of cases are associated with the chromosome translocation t(14;18), a somatic rearrangement that leads to constitutive expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein. Although t(14;18) clearly represents an important early event in FL pathogenesis, abundant evidence indicates that it is not sufficient. In particular, the recent application of next-generation DNA sequencing technology has uncovered numerous recurrent somatic genomic alterations associated with FL, most of which affect tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In this article we review the existing literature on TSGs involved in the development and progression of FL. We consider the genes that are most frequently targeted by deleterious mutation, deletion or epigenetic silencing, along with strategies for developing new treatments that exploit the susceptibilities that may be conferred on lymphoma cells by the loss of particular TSGs.
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42
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CD160 expression defines a uniquely exhausted subset of T lymphocytes in HTLV-1 infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:379-84. [PMID: 25277889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HTLV-1 infection is a life-long retroviral infection. Chronic viral antigenic stimulation induces persistent infection which results in a clinically asymptomatic carrier state. Only a minor proportion of infected individuals develop adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic myelopathy (HAM/TSP). This is dependent on a balance of host and genetic factors. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function is important in the immune response against viral infection; however, the contribution of CD160 receptor associated with CD8+ T lymphocytes is unclear. Thus, we sought to decipher its role on CTL function in HTLV-1 infection. Here, we report high frequencies of CD160 on CD8+ T cells, with significantly higher levels on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. Intercepting the CD160 pathway via blockade of the receptor or its ligand, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) resulted in improved perforin production and CD107a degranulation of HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. Analysis of the CD160-expressing CD8+ cells demonstrated a unique subset associated with a highly differentiated effector memory based on CD45RA and CCR7 co-expression, increased expression of inhibitory molecules, 2B4 and PD1. Altogether, these results suggest a role for CD160/HVEM pathway in regulating immune response against HTLV-1 infection which may prove promising in the development of immune therapies for the treatment of HTLV-1 infection and other associated disorders.
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43
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Golay J, D'Amico A, Borleri G, Bonzi M, Valgardsdottir R, Alzani R, Cribioli S, Albanese C, Pesenti E, Finazzi MC, Quaresmini G, Nagorsen D, Introna M, Rambaldi A. A novel method using blinatumomab for efficient, clinical-grade expansion of polyclonal T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4739-47. [PMID: 25267972 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients often results in life-threatening immunosuppression. Furthermore, CLL is still an incurable disease due to the persistence of residual leukemic cells. These patients may therefore benefit from immunotherapy approaches aimed at immunoreconstitution and/or the elimination of residual disease following chemotherapy. For these purposes, we designed a simple GMP-compliant protocol for ex vivo expansion of normal T cells from CLL patients' peripheral blood for adoptive therapy, using bispecific Ab blinatumomab (CD3 × CD19), acting both as T cell stimulator and CLL depletion agent, and human rIL-2. Starting from only 10 ml CLL peripheral blood, a mean 515 × 10(6) CD3(+) T cells were expanded in 3 wk. The resulting blinatumomab-expanded T cells (BET) were polyclonal CD4(+) and CD8(+) and mostly effector and central memory cells. The Th1 subset was slightly prevalent over Th2, whereas Th17 and T regulatory cells were <1%. CMV-specific clones were detected in equivalent proportion before and after expansion. Interestingly, BET cells had normalized expression of the synapse inhibitors CD272 and CD279 compared with starting T cells and were cytotoxic against CD19(+) targets in presence of blinatumomab in vitro. In support of their functional capacity, we observed that BET, in combination with blinatumomab, had significant therapeutic activity in a systemic human diffuse large B lymphoma model in NOD-SCID mice. We propose BET as a therapeutic tool for immunoreconstitution of heavily immunosuppressed CLL patients and, in combination with bispecific Ab, as antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Centro di Terapia Cellulare, "G. Lanzani," USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Anna D'Amico
- Centro di Terapia Cellulare, "G. Lanzani," USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Borleri
- Centro Trapianto Midollo Osseo, USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michela Bonzi
- Centro di Terapia Cellulare, "G. Lanzani," USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rut Valgardsdottir
- Centro di Terapia Cellulare, "G. Lanzani," USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Chiara Finazzi
- Centro Trapianto Midollo Osseo, USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Quaresmini
- Centro Trapianto Midollo Osseo, USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Dirk Nagorsen
- Global Clinical Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
| | - Martino Introna
- Centro di Terapia Cellulare, "G. Lanzani," USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Centro Trapianto Midollo Osseo, USC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
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44
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Abstract
Optimal T cell response is dependent not only on T cell receptor activation, but also on additional signaling from coreceptors. The main coreceptors include B7 and tumor necrosis factor family members. They exert costimulatory or coinhibitory effects, and their balance determines the fate of T cell response. In normal conditions, costimulators facilitate the development of protective immune response, whereas coinhibitors dampen inflammation to avoid organ/tissue damage from excessive immune reaction. In the tumor microenvironment, the balance is garbled: inhibitory pathways predominate, and T cell response is impaired. The importance of cosignaling in the tumor immune response has been experimentally and clinically demonstrated. New therapeutic strategies targeting T cell cosignaling, especially coinhibitory molecules, are under active experimental and clinical investigation. This review summarizes the functions of main T cell cosignaling axes and discusses their clinical application.
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45
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Schaer DA, Hirschhorn-Cymerman D, Wolchok JD. Targeting tumor-necrosis factor receptor pathways for tumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2014; 2:7. [PMID: 24855562 PMCID: PMC4030310 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the success of ipilimumab and promise of programmed death-1 pathway-targeted agents, the field of tumor immunotherapy is expanding rapidly. Newer targets for clinical development include select members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. Agonist antibodies to these co-stimulatory molecules target both T and B cells, modulating T-cell activation and enhancing immune responses. In vitro and in vivo preclinical data have provided the basis for continued development of 4-1BB, OX40, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene, herpes virus entry mediator, and CD27 as potential therapies for patients with cancer. In this review, we summarize the immune response to tumors, consider preclinical and early clinical data on select TNFR family members, discuss potential translational challenges and suggest possible combination therapies with the aim of inducing durable antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Schaer
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Current address: Department of Cancer Immunobiology, ImClone Systems, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Hirschhorn-Cymerman
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Collaborative Lab, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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46
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Chen L, Fabian KL, Taylor JL, Storkus WJ. Therapeutic use of dendritic cells to promote the extranodal priming of anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:388. [PMID: 24348473 PMCID: PMC3843121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid tissue, also known as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) develop adaptively within sites of chronic tissue inflammation, thereby allowing the host to efficiently crossprime specific immune effector cells within sites of disease. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of TLO in the tumor microenvironment (TME) predicts better overall survival. We will discuss the relevance of extranodal T cell priming within the TME as a means to effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and the strategic use of dendritic cell (DC)-based therapies to reinforce this clinically preferred process in the cancer-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Kellsye L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Lazear E, Whitbeck JC, Zuo Y, Carfí A, Cohen GH, Eisenberg RJ, Krummenacher C. Induction of conformational changes at the N-terminus of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D upon binding to HVEM and nectin-1. Virology 2013; 448:185-95. [PMID: 24314649 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus entry is initiated by glycoprotein D (gD) binding to a cellular receptor, such as HVEM or nectin-1. gD is activated by receptor-induced displacement of the C-terminus from the core of the glycoprotein. Binding of HVEM requires the formation of an N-terminal hairpin loop of gD; once formed this loop masks the nectin-1 binding site on the core of gD. We found that HVEM and nectin-1 exhibit non-reciprocal competition for binding to gD. The N-terminus of gD does not spontaneously form a stable hairpin in the absence of receptor and HVEM does not appear to rely on a pre-existing hairpin for binding to gD(3C-38C) mutants. However, HVEM function is affected by mutations that impair optimal hairpin formation. Furthermore, nectin-1 induces a new conformation of the N-terminus of gD. We conclude that the conformation of the N-terminus of gD is actively modified by the direct action of both receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lazear
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Amé-Thomas P, Tarte K. The yin and the yang of follicular lymphoma cell niches: role of microenvironment heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 24:23-32. [PMID: 23978491 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) results from the malignant transformation of germinal center B cells and is characterized by recurrent genetic alterations providing a direct growth advantage or facilitating interaction with tumor microenvironment. In agreement, accumulating evidences suggest a dynamic bidirectional crosstalk between FL B cells and surrounding non-malignant cells within specialized tumor niches in both invaded lymph nodes and bone marrow. Infiltrating stromal cells, macrophages, and T/NK cell subsets either contribute to anti-tumor immune response, or conversely form a tumor supportive network promoting FL B cell survival, growth, and drug resistance. This review depicts the phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity of the most important FL cell partners and describes their complex interplay. We also unravel how malignant B cells recruit and subvert accessory immune and stromal cells to trigger their polarization toward a supportive phenotype. Based on these observations, innovative therapeutic approaches have been recently proposed, in order to benefit from local anti-tumor immunity and/or to selectively target the protective cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Amé-Thomas
- INSERM, UMR U917, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France; CHU de Rennes, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Service ITeCH, Pôle de Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM, UMR U917, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France; CHU de Rennes, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Service ITeCH, Pôle de Biologie, Rennes, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.
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Expression profiling of TCR-engineered T cells demonstrates overexpression of multiple inhibitory receptors in persisting lymphocytes. Blood 2013; 122:1399-410. [PMID: 23861247 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-495531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the development of adoptive cell-transfer therapies (ACTs) using gene-engineered T cells, little is known about the fate of cells following infusion. To address that, we performed a comparative analysis of gene expression between T-cell receptor-engineered lymphocytes persisting in the circulation 1 month after administration and the product that was infused. We observed that 156 genes related to immune function were differentially expressed, including underexpression of stimulators of lymphocyte function and overexpression of inhibitory genes in postinfusion cells. Of genes overexpressed postinfusion, the product of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1), coinhibitory receptor PD-1, was expressed at a higher percentage in postinfusion lymphocytes than in the infusion product. This was associated with a higher sensitivity to inhibition of cytokine production by interaction with its ligand PD-L1. Coinhibitory receptor CD160 was also overexpressed in persisting cells, and its expression was associated with decreased reactivity, which surprisingly was found to be ligand-independent. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the properties of transgenic lymphocytes used to treat human malignancies and may provide a rationale for the development of combination therapies as a method to improve ACT.
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Kim CH. Host and microbial factors in regulation of T cells in the intestine. Front Immunol 2013; 4:141. [PMID: 23772228 PMCID: PMC3677167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is divided into specialized tissue areas that provide distinct microenvironments for T cells. Regulation of T-cell responses in the gut has been a major focus of recent research activities in the field. T cells in the intestine are regulated by the interplay between host and microbial factors. In the small intestine, retinoic acid (RA) is a major tissue factor that plays important roles in regulation of immune responses. In the large intestine, the influence of RA diminishes, but that of commensal bacterial products increases. RA, gut microbiota, and inflammatory mediators co-regulate differentiation, distribution, and/or effector functions of T cells. Coordinated regulation of immune responses by these factors promotes well-balanced immunity and immune tolerance. Dysregulation of this process can increase infection and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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