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He G, Zhang X, Zhuang X, Zeng Y, Chen X, Gan Y, Su Y, Zhang Y, Wen F. Diurnal Variation in Choroidal Parameters Among Healthy Subjects Using Wide-Field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:16. [PMID: 38767903 PMCID: PMC11114611 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.5.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diurnal variation in choroidal parameters in a wide field area among healthy subjects and to identify correlations between choroidal luminal area and stromal area and various systemic factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 42 eyes from 21 healthy participants (mean age = 32.4 ± 8.8 years) were examined using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS-OCTA, 24 mm × 20 mm). Measurements of choroidal parameters, including choroidal volume (CV), choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vessel volume (CVV), and choroidal stromal volume (CSV), were taken at 8:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 22:00. Systemic factors, such as blood pressure and heart rate, were concurrently monitored. Results Our study observed significant diurnal variations in the mean total CV, CT, CVV, and CSV, with minimum measurements around 12:00 (P < 0.001) and peak values at 22:00 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, changes in CV in specific regions were more closely associated with fluctuations in CVV than CSV in the same regions. No significant diurnal variations were found in systolic (P = 0.137) or diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.236), whereas significant variations were observed in the heart rate (P = 0.001). Conclusions Our study reveals diurnal variations in choroidal parameters and their associations, emphasizing that changes in choroidal volume relate more to the luminal than the stromal area in vessel-rich regions. This enhances our understanding of choroidal-related ocular diseases. Translational Relevance Regions with higher choroidal vasculature observed greater choroidal volume changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunkao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nachman D, Eisenkraft A, Kolben Y, Carmon E, Hazan E, Goldstein N, Ben Ishay A, Hershkovitz M, Fons M, Merin R, Amir O, Asleh R, Gepner Y. Diurnal cardio-respiratory changes in ambulatory individuals deciphered using a multi-parameter wearable device. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231218885. [PMID: 38053733 PMCID: PMC10695076 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231218885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent technological developments enable big data-driven insights on diurnal changes. This study aimed to describe the trajectory of multiple and advanced parameters using a medical-grade wearable remote patient monitor. Methods Parameters were monitored for 24 h in 256 ambulatory participants who kept living their normal life. Parameters included heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, blood oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Diurnal variations were evaluated, and analyses were stratified based on sex, age, and body mass index. Results All parameters showed diurnal changes (p < 0.001). Females demonstrated higher heart rate and cardiac index with lower systemic vascular resistance. Obese participants had a higher blood pressure, and lower stroke volume and cardiac index. Systemic vascular resistance was higher among the elderly. Diurnal changes corresponded with awake-sleep hours and differed between sex, age, and body mass index groups. Conclusion Wearable monitoring platforms could decipher hemodynamic changes in subgroups of individuals, and might help with efforts to provide personalized medicine, pre-symptomatic diagnosis and prevention, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Nachman
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arik Eisenkraft
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Jerusalem, Israel
- Biobeat Technologies Ltd., Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yotam Kolben
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Mor Hershkovitz
- Biobeat Technologies Ltd., Petah Tikva, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meir Fons
- Biobeat Technologies Ltd., Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Roei Merin
- Biobeat Technologies Ltd., Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Offer Amir
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rabea Asleh
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yftach Gepner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hou T, Chacon AN, Su W, Katsumata Y, Guo Z, Gong MC. Role of sympathetic pathway in light-phase time-restricted feeding-induced blood pressure circadian rhythm alteration. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969345. [PMID: 36159491 PMCID: PMC9493072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm, independent of hypertension, is emerging as an index for future target organ damage and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Previous studies showed that changing food availability time alters BP rhythm in several mammalian species. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this, the current study specifically investigates (1) the relationship between rhythms of food intake and BP in wild-type mice; (2) effects of light-phase time-restricted feeding (TRF, food only available during light-phase) on BP circadian rhythm in wild-type and diabetic db/db mice; (3) the roles of the autonomic system and clock gene in light-phase TRF induced changes in BP circadian rhythm. Food intake and BP of C57BL/6J and db/db mice were simultaneously and continuously recorded using BioDAQ and telemetry systems under ad libitum or light-phase TRF. Per2 protein daily oscillation was recorded in vivo by IVIS spectrum in mPer2 Luc mice. Autonomic nerve activity was evaluated by heart rate variability, baroreflex, urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) excretion, and mRNA expressions of catecholamines biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes, and alpha-adrenergic receptors in mesenteric resistance arteries. We found that in wild-type mice, the BP level was correlated with the food intake temporally across the 24 h. Reversing the feeding time by imposing light-phase TRF resulted in reverse or inverted BP dipping. Interestingly, the net changes in food intake were correlated with the net alteration in BP temporally under light-phase TRF. In db/db mice, light-phase TRF worsened the existing non-dipping BP. The food intake and BP circadian rhythm changes were associated with alterations in Per2 protein daily oscillation and the time-of-day variations in heart rate variability, baroreflex, and urinary excretion of NE and Epi, and increased mRNA expression of Slc6a2 (encoding NE transporter) and Adra1d (encoding alpha-adrenergic receptor 1d) in the mesenteric resistance arteries, indicating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was modulated after light-phase TRF. Collectively, our results demonstrated that light-phase TRF results in reverse dipping of BP in wild-type and diabetic db/db mice and revealed the potential role of the sympathetic pathway in light-phase TRF-induced BP circadian rhythm alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Hou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aaron N. Chacon
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ming C. Gong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Wei L, Shi J. Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886534. [PMID: 35769086 PMCID: PMC9234286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications increasingly jeopardize global health and contribute to the rapidly rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity-related diseases. Developing novel methods for the prevention and treatment of excess body adipose tissue expansion can make a significant contribution to public health. Rho kinase is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho kinase or ROCK). The ROCK family including ROCK1 and ROCK2 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Up-regulated ROCK activity has been involved in the pathogenesis of all aspects of metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in both white and beige adipogenesis. Studies using ROCK pan-inhibitors in animal models of obesity, diabetes, and associated complications have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. Studies via genetically modified animal models further established isoform-specific roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders including obesity. However, most reported studies have been focused on ROCK1 activity during the past decade. Due to the progress in developing ROCK2-selective inhibitors in recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates more attention should be devoted towards understanding ROCK2 isoform function in metabolism. Hence, studying individual ROCK isoforms to reveal their specific roles and principal mechanisms in white and beige adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balancing regulation, and obesity development will facilitate significant breakthroughs for systemic treatment with isoform-selective inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of ROCK functions in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance with a particular focus on the current understanding of ROCK isoform signaling in white and beige adipogenesis, obesity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and other major metabolic organs involved in energy homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- *Correspondence: Lei Wei, ; Jianjian Shi,
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