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Hung Y, Vandewouw M, Emami Z, Bells S, Rudberg N, da Costa L, Dunkley BT. Memory retrieval brain-behavior disconnection in mild traumatic brain injury: A magnetoencephalography and diffusion tensor imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5296-5309. [PMID: 35796166 PMCID: PMC9812251 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain (mTBI) injury is often associated with long-term cognitive and behavioral complications, including an increased risk of memory impairment. Current research challenges include a lack of cross-modal convergence regarding the underlying neural-behavioral mechanisms of mTBI, which hinders therapeutics and outcome management for this frequently under-treated and vulnerable population. We used multi-modality imaging methods including magnetoencephalography (MEG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate brain-behavior impairment in mTBI related to working memory. A total of 41 participants were recruited, including 23 patients with a first-time mTBI imaged within 3 months of injury (all male, age = 29.9, SD = 6.9), and 18 control participants (all male, age = 27.3, SD = 5.3). Whole-brain statistics revealed spatially concomitant functional-structural disruptions in brain-behavior interactions in working memory in the mTBI group compared with the control group. These disruptions are located in the hippocampal-prefrontal region and, additionally, in the amygdala (measured by MEG neural activation and DTI measures of fractional anisotropy in relation to working memory performance; p < .05, two-way ANCOVA, nonparametric permutations, corrected). Impaired brain-behavior connections found in the hippocampal-prefrontal and amygdala circuits indicate brain dysregulation of memory, which may leave mTBI patients vulnerable to increased environmental demands exerting memory resources, leading to related cognitive and emotional psychopathologies. The findings yield clinical implications and highlight a need for early rehabilitation after mTBI, including attention- and sensory-based behavioral exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Hung
- Martinos Imaging Center at McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Harvard‐MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Marlee Vandewouw
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Zahra Emami
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sonya Bells
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Leodante da Costa
- Department of Surgery, Division of NeurosurgerySunnybrook HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Benjamin T. Dunkley
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Diagnostic ImagingHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Medical ImagingUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Shtemberg AS, Perevezentsev AA, Lebedeva-Georgievskaya KB, Mitrofanova OV, Kudrin VS, Bazyan AS. The Role of Typological Characteristics of Higher Nervous Activity in Rats in the Neurobiological Effects of Combined Exposure to an Antiorthostatic Suspension, γ-Rays, Protons, and Carbon 12C Ions. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ruzich E, Crespo‐García M, Dalal SS, Schneiderman JF. Characterizing hippocampal dynamics with MEG: A systematic review and evidence-based guidelines. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1353-1375. [PMID: 30378210 PMCID: PMC6456020 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, a hub of activity for a variety of important cognitive processes, is a target of increasing interest for researchers and clinicians. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an attractive technique for imaging spectro-temporal aspects of function, for example, neural oscillations and network timing, especially in shallow cortical structures. However, the decrease in MEG signal-to-noise ratio as a function of source depth implies that the utility of MEG for investigations of deeper brain structures, including the hippocampus, is less clear. To determine whether MEG can be used to detect and localize activity from the hippocampus, we executed a systematic review of the existing literature and found successful detection of oscillatory neural activity originating in the hippocampus with MEG. Prerequisites are the use of established experimental paradigms, adequate coregistration, forward modeling, analysis methods, optimization of signal-to-noise ratios, and protocol trial designs that maximize contrast for hippocampal activity while minimizing those from other brain regions. While localizing activity to specific sub-structures within the hippocampus has not been achieved, we provide recommendations for improving the reliability of such endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ruzich
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MedTech West, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy & the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | - Sarang S. Dalal
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Justin F. Schneiderman
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MedTech West, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy & the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Shah-Basak PP, Urbain C, Wong S, da Costa L, Pang EW, Dunkley BT, Taylor MJ. Concussion Alters the Functional Brain Processes of Visual Attention and Working Memory. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:267-277. [PMID: 29020848 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of North Americans sustain a concussion or a mild traumatic brain injury annually, and are at risk of cognitive, emotional, and physical sequelae. Although functional MRI (fMRI) studies have provided an initial framework for examining functional deficits induced by concussion, particularly working memory and attention, the temporal dynamics underlying these deficits are not well understood. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG), a modality with millisecond temporal resolution, in conjunction with a 1-back visual working memory (VWM) paradigm using scenes from everyday life to characterize spatiotemporal functional differences at specific VWM stages, in adults had had or had not had a recent concussion. MEG source-level differences between groups were determined by whole-brain analyses during encoding and recognition phases. Despite comparable behavioral performance, abnormal hypo- and hyperactivation patterns were found in brain areas involving frontoparietal, ventral occipitotemporal, temporal, and subcortical areas in concussed patients. These patterns and their timing varied as a function of VWM stagewise processing, linked to early attentional control, visuoperceptual scene processing, and VWM maintenance and retrieval processes. Parietal hypoactivation, starting at 60 ms during encoding, was correlated with symptom severity, possibly linked to impaired top-down attentional processing. Hyperactivation in the scene-selective occipitotemporal areas, the medial temporal complex, specifically the right hippocampus and orbitofrontal areas during encoding and/or recognition, lead us to posit inefficient but compensatory visuoperceptual, relational, and retrieval processing. Although injuries sustained after the concussion were considered "mild," these data suggest that they can have prolonged effects on early attentional and VWM processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Shah-Basak
- 1 Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 2 Rotman Research Institute , Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charline Urbain
- 1 Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 3 Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau, Erasme Hospital , ULB Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simeon Wong
- 1 Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leodante da Costa
- 4 Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- 5 Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 6 Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin T Dunkley
- 1 Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 6 Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 7 Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- 1 Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 7 Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 8 Department of Psychology, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mennella R, Leung RC, Taylor MJ, Dunkley BT. Disconnection from others in autism is more than just a feeling: whole-brain neural synchrony in adults during implicit processing of emotional faces. Mol Autism 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28316771 PMCID: PMC5351200 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Socio-emotional difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to reflect impaired functional connectivity within the “social brain”. Nonetheless, a whole-brain characterization of the fast responses in functional connectivity during implicit processing of emotional faces in adults with ASD is lacking. Methods The present study used magnetoencephalography to investigate early responses in functional connectivity, as measured by interregional phase synchronization, during implicit processing of angry, neutral and happy faces. The sample (n = 44) consisted of 22 young adults with ASD and 22 age- and sex-matched typically developed (TD) controls. Results Reduced phase-synchrony in the beta band around 300 ms emerged during processing of angry faces in the ASD compared to TD group, involving key areas of the social brain. In the same time window, de-synchronization in the beta band in the amygdala was reduced in the ASD group across conditions. Conclusions This is the first demonstration of atypical global and local synchrony patterns in the social brain in adults with ASD during implicit processing of emotional faces. The present results replicate and substantially extend previous findings on adolescents, highlighting that atypical brain synchrony during processing of socio-emotional stimuli is a hallmark of clinical sequelae in autism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0123-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mennella
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.,Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rachel C Leung
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, 4th Floor, Sidney Smith Hall, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3 Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.,Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul Street - 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1W7 Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, 4th Floor, Sidney Smith Hall, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3 Canada
| | - Benjamin T Dunkley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.,Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul Street - 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1W7 Canada
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Urbain C, Vogan VM, Ye AX, Pang EW, Doesburg SM, Taylor MJ. Desynchronization of fronto-temporal networks during working memory processing in autism. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:153-64. [PMID: 26485059 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests that autism is a network disorder, characterized by atypical brain connectivity, especially in the context of high level cognitive processes such as working memory (WM). Accordingly, atypical WM processes have been related to the social and cognitive deficits observed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate connectivity differences during a high memory load (2-back) WM task between 17 children with ASD and 20 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched controls. RESULTS We identified reduced inter-regional alpha-band (9-15 Hz) phase synchronization in children with ASD during the WM task. Reduced WM-related brain synchronization encompassed fronto-temporal networks (ps < 0.04 corrected) previously associated with challenging high-level conditions (i.e. the left insula and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and memory encoding and/or recognition (i.e. the right middle temporal gyrus and the right fusiform gyrus). Additionally, we found that reduced connectivity processes related to the right fusiform were correlated with the severity of symptoms in children with ASD, suggesting that such atypicalities could be directly related to the behavioural deficits observed. DISCUSSION This study provides new evidence of atypical long-range synchronization in children with ASD in fronto-temporal areas that crucially contribute to challenging WM tasks, but also emotion regulation and social cognition processes. Thus, these results support the network disorder hypothesis of ASD and argue for a specific pathophysiological contribution of brain processes related to working memory and executive functions on the symptomatology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Urbain
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vanessa M Vogan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Annette X Ye
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sam M Doesburg
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Atypical spatiotemporal signatures of working memory brain processes in autism. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e617. [PMID: 26261885 PMCID: PMC4564562 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) impairments may contribute to the profound behavioural manifestations in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous behavioural results are discrepant as are the few functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results collected in adults and adolescents with ASD. Here we investigate the precise temporal dynamics of WM-related brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 20 children with ASD and matched controls during an n-back WM task across different load levels (1-back vs 2-back). Although behavioural results were similar between ASD and typically developing (TD) children, the between-group comparison performed on functional brain activity showed atypical WM-related brain processes in children with ASD compared with TD children. These atypical responses were observed in the ASD group from 200 to 600 ms post stimulus in both the low- (1-back) and high- (2-back) memory load conditions. During the 1-back condition, children with ASD showed reduced WM-related activations in the right hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus compared with TD children who showed more activation in the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and the insulae. In the 2-back condition, children with ASD showed less activity in the left insula and midcingulate gyrus and more activity in the left precuneus than TD children. In addition, reduced activity in the anterior cingulate cortex was correlated with symptom severity in children with ASD. Thus, this MEG study identified the precise timing and sources of atypical WM-related activity in frontal, temporal and parietal regions in children with ASD. The potential impacts of such atypicalities on social deficits of autism are discussed.
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Vara AS, Pang EW, Vidal J, Anagnostou E, Taylor MJ. Neural mechanisms of inhibitory control continue to mature in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2014; 10:129-39. [PMID: 25212682 PMCID: PMC6987894 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain mechanisms involved in inhibitory control were examined in adults and teens. No differences were seen on reaction time and accuracy for the Go/No-go tasks. Adults showed the expected activation in right inferior frontal gyrus. Teens showed a delayed and left dominant activation of inferior frontal gyri. Teens also recruited temporal and parietal regions to support inhibitory processing.
Inhibition is a fundamental executive function necessary for self-management of behaviour. The ability to withhold prepotent responses shows protracted development, extending through childhood and into adulthood. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) with co-registered MRI, the spatiotemporal neural processes involved in inhibitory control were examined in 15 adolescents and 15 adults during a Go/No-go task. Two tasks were run that contained inverse ratios of Go to No-go trials for the experimental (2:1) and control conditions (1:2). Using vector beamforming, images of neural activation between No-go and Go trials were compared for both age-groups and revealed recruitment of the right inferior frontal gyrus in adults (BA 45; 200–250 ms), but delayed recruitment of the left inferior frontal gyri in adolescents (BA 45; 250–300 ms). Left anticipatory-related activity near the hand motor region (BA 6) was present in both adolescents and adults, but for a longer duration in adults. Adolescents additionally recruited the right middle and superior temporal gyri (BA21, BA22), while adults engaged the right temporal gyrus (BA41) but for a much briefer duration. These findings of delayed recruitment of canonical inhibitory control areas with supplementary and prolonged involvement of temporal areas in adolescents compared to adults indicate an immature inhibitory network even in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjili S Vara
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Centre, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Vidal
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Centre, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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