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Haddon JE, Titherage D, Heckenast JR, Carter J, Owen MJ, Hall J, Wilkinson LS, Jones MW. Linking haploinsufficiency of the autism- and schizophrenia-associated gene Cyfip1 with striatal-limbic-cortical network dysfunction and cognitive inflexibility. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:256. [PMID: 38876996 PMCID: PMC11178837 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired behavioural flexibility is a core feature of neuropsychiatric disorders and is associated with underlying dysfunction of fronto-striatal circuitry. Reduced dosage of Cyfip1 is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorder, as evidenced by its involvement in the 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) copy number variant: deletion carriers are haploinsufficient for CYFIP1 and exhibit a two- to four-fold increased risk of schizophrenia, autism and/or intellectual disability. Here, we model the contributions of Cyfip1 to behavioural flexibility and related fronto-striatal neural network function using a recently developed haploinsufficient, heterozygous knockout rat line. Using multi-site local field potential (LFP) recordings during resting state, we show that Cyfip1 heterozygous rats (Cyfip1+/-) harbor disrupted network activity spanning medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampal CA1 and ventral striatum. In particular, Cyfip1+/- rats showed reduced influence of nucleus accumbens and increased dominance of prefrontal and hippocampal inputs, compared to wildtype controls. Adult Cyfip1+/- rats were able to learn a single cue-response association, yet unable to learn a conditional discrimination task that engages fronto-striatal interactions during flexible pairing of different levers and cue combinations. Together, these results implicate Cyfip1 in development or maintenance of cortico-limbic-striatal network integrity, further supporting the hypothesis that alterations in this circuitry contribute to behavioural inflexibility observed in neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine E Haddon
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Daniel Titherage
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia R Heckenast
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jennifer Carter
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lawrence S Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Castelli MB, Alonso-Recio L, Carvajal F, Serrano JM. Does the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) identify cognitive impairment profiles in Parkinson's disease? An exploratory study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:238-247. [PMID: 34894908 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2011727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important proportion of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) present signs of cognitive impairment, although this is heterogeneous. In an attempt to classify this, the dual syndrome hypothesis distinguishes between two profiles: one defined by attentional and executive problems with damage in anterior cerebral regions, and another with mnesic and visuospatial alterations, with damage in posterior cerebral regions. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the recommended screening tools, and one of the most used, to assess cognitive impairment in PD. However, its ability to specifically identify these two profiles of cognitive impairment has not been studied. The aim of this study was, therefore, to analyze the capacity of the MoCA to detect cognitive impairment, and also to identify anterior and posterior profiles defined by the dual syndrome hypothesis. For this purpose, 59 patients with idiopathic PD were studied with the MoCA and a neuropsychological battery of tests covering all cognitive domains. Results of logistic regression analysis with ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves showed that MoCA detected cognitive impairment and identified patients with a profile of anterior/attentional and executive deficit, with acceptable sensibility and specificity. However, it did not identify patients with a posterior/mnesic-visuospatial impairment. We discuss the reasons for the lack of sensitivity of MoCA in this profile, and other possible implications of these results with regards the usefulness of this tool to assess cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Castelli
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Alonso-Recio
- Departamento de Psicología y Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y la Educación, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Carvajal
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Serrano
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Wu Y, Xu XJ, Sun X, Zhai H, Wang T, Cao XB, Xu Y. Integrated PET/MRI With 11C-CFT and 18F-FDG for levodopa response difference in Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114609. [PMID: 37532003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Excellent levodopa responsiveness has been proposed as a characteristic supporting feature in substantiating the PD diagnosis. However, a small portion of clinically established PD patients shows poor levodopa response. This study aims to investigate brain function alterations of PD patients with poor levodopa responsiveness by PET/MRI. METHOD A total of 46 PD patients were recruited. They all completed 11C-CFT PET/MRI scans and the acute levodopa challenge test. Among these 46 PD patients, 42 participants further underwent 18F-FDG PET/MRI scans. Clinical variables regarding demographic data, disease features and cognition scales were also collected. Based on the improvement rate of UPDRS-III, PD patients were divided into non-responders (improvement rate < 33 %) and responders (improvement rate ≥ 33 %). Statistical parametric zapping was performed to analyze molecular imaging. Dopaminergic uptake and metabolism of 70 brain regions were converted to quantitative values and expressed as standard uptake value (SUV). SUV was further normalized by the cerebellum. The resulting SUV ratios and clinical variables were then compared by SPSS. RESULTS The difference between levodopa non-responders (n = 17) and responders (n = 29) in the UPDRS III baseline was statistically significant and the former had a lower UPDRS III baseline (19 (10, 32), p<0.05). In contrast, no statistical difference between these two groups was found in age, gender, disease duration, cognition, motor subtype and Hoehn-Yahr stage. Dopaminergic uptake differences between levodopa non-responders (n = 17) and responders (n = 29) were shown in the left inferior frontal cortex (1.00 ± 0.09 vs 1.07 ± 0.08, p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), the right posterior cingulum (1.10 ± 0.10 vs 1.20 ± 0.13, p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2) and the right insula (1.21 ± 0.12 vs 1.30 ± 0.10, p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2). The metabolic alterations between levodopa non-responders (n = 16) and responders (n = 26) were shown in the right supplementary motor area (1.30 (1.18, 1.39) vs 1.41 (1.31, 1.53), p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), right precuneus (1.37 ± 0.10 vs 1.47 ± 0.18, p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), right parietal cortex (1.14 ± 0.15 vs 1.27 ± 0.21, p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), right supramarginal gyrus (1.16 (1.12, 1.26) vs 1.25 (1.14, 1.46), p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), right postcentral gyrus (1.15 (1.08, 1.32) vs 1.24 (1.17, 1.39), p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), medulla (0.75 ± 0.07 vs 0.80 ± 0.07, p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), right rolandic operculum (1.25 (1.18, 1.32) vs 1.33 (1.25, 1.50), p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), right olfactory (0.95 (0.91, 1.01) vs 1.01 (0.95, 1.15), p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), the right insula (1.15 (1.06, 1.22) vs 1.21 (1.12, 1.35), p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2) and the left cerebellum crus (0.96 (0.91, 1.01) vs 0.92 (0.86, 0.96), p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2). CONCLUSIONS PD patients with poor response to levodopa showed less severe impairment of baseline motor symptoms, more severe dopaminergic deficits in the left inferior frontal, right posterior cingulate cortex and the right insula, and lower metabolism in the right supplementary motor area, right precuneus, right parietal cortex, right supramarginal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, medulla, right rolandic operculum, right olfactory, the right insula and higher metabolism in the left cerebellum crus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xue-Bing Cao
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Resnik Robida K, Politakis VA, Oblak A, Ozimič AS, Burger H, Pirtošek Z, Bon J. Detecting Subtle Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Normal Cognition: A Novel Cognitive Control Challenge Task (C3T). Brain Sci 2023; 13:961. [PMID: 37371439 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often show early deficits in cognitive control, with primary difficulties in flexibility and relatively intact stable representations. The aim of our study was to assess executive function using an ecologically valid approach that combines measures of stability and flexibility. Fourteen patients without cognitive deficits and sixteen comparable control subjects completed a standardized neuropsychological test battery and a newly developed cognitive control challenge task (C3T). We found that the accuracy of C3T performance decreased with age in healthy participants and remained impaired in PD patients regardless of age. In addition, PD patients showed significantly lower overall performance for cognitive control tasks than healthy controls, even when they scored in the normal range on standardized neuropsychological tests. PD Patients responded significantly faster than healthy control subjects regarding flexible cognitive control tasks due to their impulsivity. Correlations showed that the C3T task targets multiple cognitive systems, including working memory, inhibition, and task switching, providing a reliable measure of complex cognitive control. C3T could be a valuable tool for characterizing cognitive deficits associated with PD and appears to be a more sensitive measure than standardized neuropsychological tests. A different assessment approach could potentially detect early signs of the disease and identify opportunities for early intervention with neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Resnik Robida
- University Rehabilitation Institute, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vida Ana Politakis
- University Rehabilitation Institute, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Oblak
- University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, SI-1260 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anka Slana Ozimič
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Burger
- University Rehabilitation Institute, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zvezdan Pirtošek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- MRD Center for Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Bon
- University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, SI-1260 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Clinical evaluation and resting state fMRI analysis of virtual reality based training in Parkinson’s disease through a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8024. [PMID: 35577874 PMCID: PMC9110743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few studies investigating the short-term effects of Virtual Reality based Exergaming (EG) on motor and cognition simultaneously and pursue the brain functional activity changes after these interventions in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic therapeutic effects of Virtual Reality based EG on motor and cognitive symptoms in PD and its possible effects on neuroplasticity. Eligible patients with the diagnosis of PD were randomly assigned to one of the two study groups: (1) an experimental EG group, (2) an active control Exercise Therapy (ET) group. All patients participated in a 4-week exercise program consisting of 12 treatment sessions. Every session lasted 60 min. Participants underwent a motor evaluation, extensive neuropsychological assessment battery and rs-fMRI before and after the interventions. Thirty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the EG and ET groups. After the dropouts, 23 patients completed the assessments and interventions (11 in EG, 13 in ET). Within group analysis showed significant improvements in both groups. Between group comparisons considering the interaction of group × time effect, showed superiority of EG in terms of general cognition, delayed visual recall memory and Boston Naming Test. These results were consistent in the within-group and between-group analysis. Finally, rs-fMRI analysis showed increased activity in the precuneus region in the time × group interaction in the favor of EG group. EG can be an effective alternative in terms of motor and cognitive outcomes in patients with PD. Compared to ET, EG may affect brain functional connectivity and can have beneficial effects on patients’ cognitive functions and motor symptoms. Whenever possible, using EG and ET in combination, may have the better effects on patients daily living and patients can benefit from the advantages of both interventions.
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Cavanagh JF, Ryman S, Richardson SP. Cognitive control in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:137-152. [PMID: 35248192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control is the ability to act according to plan. Problems with cognitive control are a primary symptom and a major decrement of quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). Individuals with PD have problems with seemingly different controlled processes (e.g., task switching, impulsivity, gait disturbance, apathetic motivation). We review how these varied processes all rely upon disease-related alteration of common neural substrates, particularly due to dopaminergic imbalance. A comprehensive understanding of the neural systems underlying cognitive control will hopefully lead to more concise and reliable explanations of distributed deficits. However, high levels of clinical heterogeneity and medication-invariant control deficiencies suggest the need for increasingly detailed elaboration of the neural systems underlying control in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Sephira Ryman
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sarah Pirio Richardson
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Neurology Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Schneider JS, Kortagere S. Current concepts in treating mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2022; 203:108880. [PMID: 34774549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impairment in various aspects of cognition is recognized as an important non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) is common in non-demented PD patients and is often associated with severity of motor symptoms, disease duration and increasing age. Further, PD-MCI can have a significant negative effect on performance of daily life activities and may be a harbinger of development of PD dementia. Thus, there is significant interest in developing therapeutic strategies to ameliorate cognitive deficits in PD and improve cognitive functioning of PD patients. However, due to significant questions that remain regarding the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in PD, remediation of cognitive dysfunction in PD has proven difficult. In this paper, we will focus on PD-MCI and will review some of the current therapeutic approaches being taken to try to improve cognitive functioning in patients with PD-MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Schneider
- Dept. of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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Rossi T, Trevisol MB, Oliveira DSD, Schütz DM, Lima MP, Irigaray TQ, Oliveira CRD, Paloski LH. Executive Functions in Parkinson’s Disease. PSICO-USF 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712021260304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate executive functions (EFs) in older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD). It was a cross-sectional and comparative study, composed of 62 participants divided into PD group (n = 31; M age = 75.26; SD age = 7.26) and control group (n = 31; M age = 74.03; SD age = 6.95), aged 61 to 93 years, recruited for convenience in 5 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire; MMSE; GDS-15; BIS-11; verbal fluency tasks (FAS and animals), DEX; WCST-64 and FDT. Descriptive analyzes and Student’s t and Chi-square tests were used. The PD group had a lower performance in the WCST-64 and FDT tests compared to controls, indicating worse performance in tasks that required reasoning, cognitive flexibility and processing speed, in addition, showed difficulties in performing tasks that require EF (DEX).
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Parkin BL, Daws RE, Das-Neves I, Violante IR, Soreq E, Faisal AA, Sandrone S, Lao-Kaim NP, Martin-Bastida A, Roussakis AA, Piccini P, Hampshire A. Dissociable effects of age and Parkinson's disease on instruction-based learning. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab175. [PMID: 34485905 PMCID: PMC8410985 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive deficits associated with Parkinson's disease vary across individuals and change across time, with implications for prognosis and treatment. Key outstanding challenges are to define the distinct behavioural characteristics of this disorder and develop diagnostic paradigms that can assess these sensitively in individuals. In a previous study, we measured different aspects of attentional control in Parkinson's disease using an established fMRI switching paradigm. We observed no deficits for the aspects of attention the task was designed to examine; instead those with Parkinson's disease learnt the operational requirements of the task more slowly. We hypothesized that a subset of people with early-to-mid stage Parkinson's might be impaired when encoding rules for performing new tasks. Here, we directly test this hypothesis and investigate whether deficits in instruction-based learning represent a characteristic of Parkinson's Disease. Seventeen participants with Parkinson's disease (8 male; mean age: 61.2 years), 18 older adults (8 male; mean age: 61.3 years) and 20 younger adults (10 males; mean age: 26.7 years) undertook a simple instruction-based learning paradigm in the MRI scanner. They sorted sequences of coloured shapes according to binary discrimination rules that were updated at two-minute intervals. Unlike common reinforcement learning tasks, the rules were unambiguous, being explicitly presented; consequently, there was no requirement to monitor feedback or estimate contingencies. Despite its simplicity, a third of the Parkinson's group, but only one older adult, showed marked increases in errors, 4 SD greater than the worst performing young adult. The pattern of errors was consistent, reflecting a tendency to misbind discrimination rules. The misbinding behaviour was coupled with reduced frontal, parietal and anterior caudate activity when rules were being encoded, but not when attention was initially oriented to the instruction slides or when discrimination trials were performed. Concomitantly, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy showed reduced gamma-Aminobutyric acid levels within the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortices of individuals who made misbinding errors. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that a subset of early-to-mid stage people with Parkinson's show substantial deficits when binding new task rules in working memory. Given the ubiquity of instruction-based learning, these deficits are likely to impede daily living. They will also confound clinical assessment of other cognitive processes. Future work should determine the value of instruction-based learning as a sensitive early marker of cognitive decline and as a measure of responsiveness to therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Parkin
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Richard E Daws
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Ines Das-Neves
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Ines R Violante
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Eyal Soreq
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - A Aldo Faisal
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Behaviour Analytics Lab, Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stefano Sandrone
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Nicholas P Lao-Kaim
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Neurology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio Martin-Bastida
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Neurology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona-Madrid 28027, Spain
| | | | - Paola Piccini
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Neurology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
- UK DRI Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Lu H. Caution of variability: Domain-specific cognition measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment in normal ageing and prodromal dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:686-687. [PMID: 32196745 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Age-related cognitive decline in baboons: modeling the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10099-10116. [PMID: 32427127 PMCID: PMC7346018 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aging of brain cells and synaptic loss are the major underlying pathophysiological processes contributing to the progressive decline in cognitive functions and Alzheimer’s disease. The difference in cognitive performances observed between adult and aged subjects across species highlights the decline of brain systems with age. The inflection point in age-related cognitive decline is important for our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and for timing therapeutic interventions. Humans and nonhuman primates share many similarities including age-dependent changes in gene expression and decline in neural and immune functions. Given these evolutionary conserved organ systems, complex human-like behavioral and age-dependent changes may be modeled and monitored longitudinally in nonhuman primates. We integrated three clinically relevant outcome measures to investigate the effect of age on cognition, motor function and diurnal activity in aged baboons. We provide evidence of a naturally-occurring age-dependent precipitous decline in movement planning, in learning novel tasks, in simple discrimination and in motivation. These results suggest that baboons aged ~20 years (equivalent to ~60 year old humans) may offer a relevant model for the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias to investigate mechanisms involved in the precipitous decline in cognitive functions and to develop early therapeutic interventions
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12
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Motta MR, Tumas V, Bueno JLO. Time Perception of an Artwork's Manipulation Is Distorted by Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:6. [PMID: 30906255 PMCID: PMC6419149 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In artwork appreciation situations, individuals often show altered time perception. We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients present movement patterns that have an impact on the time perception of artwork manipulation time. We predicted that, compared to healthy controls (non-PD), differences in the exploratory behavior of patients would evoke alteration of artwork manipulation time perception. Methods: Ten PD patients and 10 non-PD participants manipulated two reproductions of artwork with different complexity levels from the series "Bichos" by Lygia Clark. Subsequently, participants performed a verbal estimation regarding the temporal duration of their manipulations. The exploratory behavior was analyzed. Results: All participants overestimated the artwork manipulation time. However, PD patients, regardless of the artwork's level of complexity, showed shorter manipulation time and minor time overestimation compared to the non-PD participants. PD patients touched the artworks more often, especially the more complex artworks, than the non-PD participants; in contrast, PD patients moved the artworks less often, particularly the less complex artwork. Conclusion: PD patients showed an altered perception of artwork manipulation time. This suggests that exploratory behavior influenced temporal estimation. Besides, it is likely that PD patients had presented a decreased ability to manage attention during the task, which interfered in the cognitive reconstruction of its duration. Considered altogether, these appointments indicate that, as a result of cognitive and motor deficits, PD patients showed impairment in temporal information processing. The exploratory behavior facilitated the understanding of these results and processes in terms of motor-timing operations of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Regina Motta
- Department of Psychology, Psychobiology Division, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences, Movement Disorder Division, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Lino Oliveira Bueno
- Department of Psychology, Psychobiology Division, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Wiratman W, Kobayashi S, Chang FY, Asano K, Ugawa Y. Assessment of Cognitive and Motor Skills in Parkinson's Disease by a Robotic Object Hitting Game. Front Neurol 2019; 10:19. [PMID: 30745892 PMCID: PMC6360146 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience various symptoms including extrapyramidal motor disturbances and cognitive impairments, which cause difficulties in daily life. However, PD patients have rarely been studied under realistic task situations that require high-level interaction of cognitive and motor skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of cognitive and motor factors to the performance of PD patients under high cognitive and kinematic loads. Twenty-six PD patients and 14 control subjects participated in the study. The PD patients performed a task involving hitting targets and avoiding distractors in levodopa On and Off states. A robotic manipulandum device recorded the numbers of target and distractor hits and hand kinematics, including movement area and speed. Performance on standard cognitive batteries and the Movement Disorder Society – Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores were examined. The results indicated that the PD patients hit significantly fewer targets and more distractors than did the controls (p < 0.05). In PD patients, the average hand speed was slower and the area of hand movement was smaller than those of the control subjects (p < 0.001). Levodopa significantly increased the average hand speed and movement area (p < 0.01), but levodopa had an insignificant effect on the number of correct targets hit and erroneous distractor hits. The scores of cognitive batteries predicted the performance with regard to both targets hit and distractor avoidance. Our results were indicative of a dynamic interaction between cognitive and kinematic skills while the PD patients performed a virtual reality game. Single-dose levodopa enhanced kinematic capacity, and the global intelligence level predicted game performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnugroho Wiratman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shunsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fang-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Regeneration, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Aizu Chuo Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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14
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Prell T. Structural and Functional Brain Patterns of Non-Motor Syndromes in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:138. [PMID: 29593637 PMCID: PMC5858029 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, progressive and multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging can render the view toward understanding the neural basis of these non-motor syndromes, as they help to understand the underlying pathophysiological abnormalities. This review provides an up-to-date description of structural and functional brain alterations in patients with PD with cognitive deficits, visual hallucinations, fatigue, impulsive behavior disorders, sleep disorders, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Prell
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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15
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Associations between intra-individual variability and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in cognitive ageing and prodromal dementia: A domain-specific perspective. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 48:102-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Papagno C, Trojano L. Cognitive and behavioral disorders in Parkinson's disease: an update. I: cognitive impairments. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:215-223. [PMID: 29043468 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor symptoms such as rigidity, rest tremor, and bradykinesia. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that PD encompasses several non-motor disturbances as well, such as cognitive impairment. Cognitive defects can be present since early stages of the disease but tend to dominate the clinical picture as the disease progresses. Around 40% of patients with PD present with cognitive impairments in several cognitive domains including attention, working memory and executive functions, language, visuospatial skills, and episodic memory; in later stages of the disease, cognitive defects and associated behavioral disorders concur to determine clinically relevant PD-associated dementia. Part of these defects is ascribed to a dopamine-dependent dysfunction of fronto-striatal pathways, but there is a considerable heterogeneity in the cognitive impairments as well as a suggestion of the role of other neurotransmitter systems, such as the cholinergic one, mainly responsible for Parkinson-dementia syndrome. In this paper, we review recent literature with particular attention to the last 5 years on the main cognitive deficits described in PD patients as well as on the hypothesized neuro-functional substrate of such impairments. Finally, we provide some suggestions on how to test cognitive functions in PD appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Papagno
- CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy. .,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo 1, 02100, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy. .,ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy.
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