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Hobday H, Cole JH, Stanyard RA, Daws RE, Giampietro V, O'Daly O, Leech R, Váša F. Tissue volume estimation and age prediction using rapid structural brain scans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12005. [PMID: 35835813 PMCID: PMC9283414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The multicontrast EPImix sequence generates six contrasts, including a T1-weighted scan, in ~1 min. EPImix shows comparable diagnostic performance to conventional scans under qualitative clinical evaluation, and similarities in simple quantitative measures including contrast intensity. However, EPImix scans have not yet been compared to standard MRI scans using established quantitative measures. In this study, we compared conventional and EPImix-derived T1-weighted scans of 64 healthy participants using tissue volume estimates and predicted brain-age. All scans were pre-processed using the SPM12 DARTEL pipeline, generating measures of grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid volume. Brain-age was predicted using brainageR, a Gaussian Processes Regression model previously trained on a large sample of standard T1-weighted scans. Estimates of both global and voxel-wise tissue volume showed significantly similar results between standard and EPImix-derived T1-weighted scans. Brain-age estimates from both sequences were significantly correlated, although EPImix T1-weighted scans showed a systematic offset in predictions of chronological age. Supplementary analyses suggest that this is likely caused by the reduced field of view of EPImix scans, and the use of a brain-age model trained using conventional T1-weighted scans. However, this systematic error can be corrected using additional regression of T1-predicted brain-age onto EPImix-predicted brain-age. Finally, retest EPImix scans acquired for 10 participants demonstrated high test-retest reliability in all evaluated quantitative measurements. Quantitative analysis of EPImix scans has potential to reduce scanning time, increasing participant comfort and reducing cost, as well as to support automation of scanning, utilising active learning for faster and individually-tailored (neuro)imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Hobday
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James H Cole
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK.,Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan A Stanyard
- Department of Forensic and Developmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard E Daws
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Leech
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - František Váša
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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2
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Daws RE, Timmermann C, Giribaldi B, Sexton JD, Wall MB, Erritzoe D, Roseman L, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R. Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression. Nat Med 2022; 28:844-851. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Váša F, Hobday H, Stanyard RA, Daws RE, Giampietro V, O'Daly O, Lythgoe DJ, Seidlitz J, Skare S, Williams SCR, Marquand AF, Leech R, Cole JH. Rapid processing and quantitative evaluation of structural brain scans for adaptive multimodal imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1749-1765. [PMID: 34953014 PMCID: PMC8886661 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current neuroimaging acquisition and processing approaches tend to be optimised for quality rather than speed. However, rapid acquisition and processing of neuroimaging data can lead to novel neuroimaging paradigms, such as adaptive acquisition, where rapidly processed data is used to inform subsequent image acquisition steps. Here we first evaluate the impact of several processing steps on the processing time and quality of registration of manually labelled T1 -weighted MRI scans. Subsequently, we apply the selected rapid processing pipeline both to rapidly acquired multicontrast EPImix scans of 95 participants (which include T1 -FLAIR, T2 , T2 *, T2 -FLAIR, DWI and ADC contrasts, acquired in ~1 min), as well as to slower, more standard single-contrast T1 -weighted scans of a subset of 66 participants. We quantify the correspondence between EPImix T1 -FLAIR and single-contrast T1 -weighted scans, using correlations between voxels and regions of interest across participants, measures of within- and between-participant identifiability as well as regional structural covariance networks. Furthermore, we explore the use of EPImix for the rapid construction of morphometric similarity networks. Finally, we quantify the reliability of EPImix-derived data using test-retest scans of 10 participants. Our results demonstrate that quantitative information can be derived from a neuroimaging scan acquired and processed within minutes, which could further be used to implement adaptive multimodal imaging and tailor neuroimaging examinations to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Váša
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Hobday
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan A Stanyard
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Forensic & Developmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard E Daws
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefan Skare
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andre F Marquand
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Leech
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James H Cole
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK.,Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Parkin BL, Daws RE, Das-Neves I, Violante IR, Soreq E, Faisal AA, Sandrone S, Lao-Kaim NP, Martin-Bastida A, Roussakis AA, Piccini P, Hampshire A. Dissociable effects of age and Parkinson's disease on instruction-based learning. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab175. [PMID: 34485905 PMCID: PMC8410985 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive deficits associated with Parkinson's disease vary across individuals and change across time, with implications for prognosis and treatment. Key outstanding challenges are to define the distinct behavioural characteristics of this disorder and develop diagnostic paradigms that can assess these sensitively in individuals. In a previous study, we measured different aspects of attentional control in Parkinson's disease using an established fMRI switching paradigm. We observed no deficits for the aspects of attention the task was designed to examine; instead those with Parkinson's disease learnt the operational requirements of the task more slowly. We hypothesized that a subset of people with early-to-mid stage Parkinson's might be impaired when encoding rules for performing new tasks. Here, we directly test this hypothesis and investigate whether deficits in instruction-based learning represent a characteristic of Parkinson's Disease. Seventeen participants with Parkinson's disease (8 male; mean age: 61.2 years), 18 older adults (8 male; mean age: 61.3 years) and 20 younger adults (10 males; mean age: 26.7 years) undertook a simple instruction-based learning paradigm in the MRI scanner. They sorted sequences of coloured shapes according to binary discrimination rules that were updated at two-minute intervals. Unlike common reinforcement learning tasks, the rules were unambiguous, being explicitly presented; consequently, there was no requirement to monitor feedback or estimate contingencies. Despite its simplicity, a third of the Parkinson's group, but only one older adult, showed marked increases in errors, 4 SD greater than the worst performing young adult. The pattern of errors was consistent, reflecting a tendency to misbind discrimination rules. The misbinding behaviour was coupled with reduced frontal, parietal and anterior caudate activity when rules were being encoded, but not when attention was initially oriented to the instruction slides or when discrimination trials were performed. Concomitantly, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy showed reduced gamma-Aminobutyric acid levels within the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortices of individuals who made misbinding errors. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that a subset of early-to-mid stage people with Parkinson's show substantial deficits when binding new task rules in working memory. Given the ubiquity of instruction-based learning, these deficits are likely to impede daily living. They will also confound clinical assessment of other cognitive processes. Future work should determine the value of instruction-based learning as a sensitive early marker of cognitive decline and as a measure of responsiveness to therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Parkin
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Richard E Daws
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Ines Das-Neves
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Ines R Violante
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Eyal Soreq
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - A Aldo Faisal
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Behaviour Analytics Lab, Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stefano Sandrone
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Nicholas P Lao-Kaim
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Neurology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio Martin-Bastida
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Neurology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona-Madrid 28027, Spain
| | | | - Paola Piccini
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Neurology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
- UK DRI Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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5
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Soreq E, Violante IR, Daws RE, Hampshire A. Neuroimaging evidence for a network sampling theory of individual differences in human intelligence test performance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2072. [PMID: 33824305 PMCID: PMC8024400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a century of research, it remains unclear whether human intelligence should be studied as one dominant, several major, or many distinct abilities, and how such abilities relate to the functional organisation of the brain. Here, we combine psychometric and machine learning methods to examine in a data-driven manner how factor structure and individual variability in cognitive-task performance relate to dynamic-network connectomics. We report that 12 sub-tasks from an established intelligence test can be accurately multi-way classified (74%, chance 8.3%) based on the network states that they evoke. The proximities of the tasks in behavioural-psychometric space correlate with the similarities of their network states. Furthermore, the network states were more accurately classified for higher relative to lower performing individuals. These results suggest that the human brain uses a high-dimensional network-sampling mechanism to flexibly code for diverse cognitive tasks. Population variability in intelligence test performance relates to the fidelity of expression of these task-optimised network states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Soreq
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Ines R Violante
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Richard E Daws
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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6
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Li W, Lao-Kaim NP, Roussakis AA, Martín-Bastida A, Valle-Guzman N, Paul G, Soreq E, Daws RE, Foltynie T, Barker RA, Hampshire A, Piccini P. Longitudinal functional connectivity changes related to dopaminergic decline in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102409. [PMID: 32916466 PMCID: PMC7490914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that basal ganglia functional connectivity is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD) as compared to healthy controls. However, such functional connectivity alterations have not been related to the dopaminergic deficits that occurs in PD over time. OBJECTIVES To examine whether functional connectivity impairments are correlated with dopaminergic deficits across basal ganglia subdivisions in patients with PD both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. METHODS We assessed resting-state functional connectivity of basal ganglia subdivisions and dopamine transporter density using 11C-PE2I PET in thirty-four PD patients at baseline. Of these, twenty PD patients were rescanned after 19.9 ± 3.8 months. A seed-based approach was used to analyze resting-state fMRI data. 11C-PE2I binding potential (BPND) was calculated for each participant. PD patients were assessed for disease severity. RESULTS At baseline, PD patients with greater dopaminergic deficits, as measured with 11C-PE2I PET, showed larger decreases in posterior putamen functional connectivity with the midbrain and pallidum. Reduced functional connectivity of the posterior putamen with the thalamus, midbrain, supplementary motor area and sensorimotor cortex over time were significantly associated with changes in DAT density over the same period. Furthermore, increased motor disability was associated with lower intraregional functional connectivity of the posterior putamen. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that basal ganglia functional connectivity is related to integrity of dopaminergic system in patients with PD. Application of resting-state fMRI in a large cohort and longitudinal scanning may be a powerful tool for assessing underlying PD pathology and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Nick P Lao-Kaim
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas-Antonios Roussakis
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Martín-Bastida
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Clínica universidad de Navarra, Pamplona-Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalie Valle-Guzman
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 22185, Sweden
| | - Eyal Soreq
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Computational Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab (C(3)NL), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Daws
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Computational Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab (C(3)NL), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Computational Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab (C(3)NL), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Piccini
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Hampshire A, Daws RE, Neves ID, Soreq E, Sandrone S, Violante IR. Probing cortical and sub-cortical contributions to instruction-based learning: Regional specialisation and global network dynamics. Neuroimage 2019; 192:88-100. [PMID: 30851447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse cortical networks and striatal brain regions are implicated in instruction-based learning (IBL); however, their distinct contributions remain unclear. We use a modified fMRI paradigm to test two hypotheses regarding the brain mechanisms that underlie IBL. One hypothesis proposes that anterior caudate and frontoparietal regions transiently co-activate when new rules are being bound in working memory. The other proposes that they mediate the application of the rules at different stages of the consolidation process. In accordance with the former hypothesis, we report strong activation peaks within and increased connectivity between anterior caudate and frontoparietal regions when rule-instruction slides are presented. However, similar effects occur throughout a broader set of cortical and sub-cortical regions, indicating a metabolically costly reconfiguration of the global brain state. The distinct functional roles of cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal and default-mode networks are apparent from their activation throughout, early and late in the practice phase respectively. Furthermore, there is tentative evidence of a peak in anterior caudate activity mid-way through the practice stage. These results demonstrate how performance of the same simple task involves a steadily shifting balance of brain systems as learning progresses. They also highlight the importance of distinguishing between regional specialisation and global dynamics when studying the network mechanisms that underlie cognition and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hampshire
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Richard E Daws
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ines Das Neves
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eyal Soreq
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stefano Sandrone
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ines R Violante
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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8
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Barry EF, Cerda‐Gonzalez S, Luh W, Daws RE, Raj A, Johnson PJ. Normal diffusivity of the domestic feline brain. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:1012-1023. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica F. Barry
- Cornell College of Veterinary MedicineCornell University Ithaca New York
| | | | - Wen‐Ming Luh
- Cornell College of Human EcologyCornell University Ithaca New York
| | - Richard E. Daws
- The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Division of Brain SciencesImperial College London London UK
| | - Ashish Raj
- Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of California San Francisco California
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9
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Haijen ECHM, Kaelen M, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Kettner H, Russ S, Nutt D, Daws RE, Hampshire ADG, Lorenz R, Carhart-Harris RL. Predicting Responses to Psychedelics: A Prospective Study. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:897. [PMID: 30450045 PMCID: PMC6225734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses to psychedelics are notoriously difficult to predict, yet significant work is currently underway to assess their therapeutic potential and the level of interest in psychedelics among the general public appears to be increasing. We aimed to collect prospective data in order to improve our ability to predict acute- and longer-term responses to psychedelics. Individuals who planned to take a psychedelic through their own initiative participated in an online survey (www.psychedelicsurvey.com). Traits and variables relating to set, setting and the acute psychedelic experience were measured at five different time points before and after the experience. Principle component and regression methods were used to analyse the data. Sample sizes for the five time points were N = 654, N = 535, N = 379, N = 315, and N = 212 respectively. Psychological well-being was increased 2 weeks after a psychedelic experience and remained at this level after 4 weeks. Higher ratings of a “mystical-type experience” had a positive effect on the change in well-being after a psychedelic experience, whereas the other acute psychedelic experience measures, i.e., “challenging experience” and “visual effects”, did not influence the change in well-being after the psychedelic experience. Having “clear intentions” for the experience was conducive to mystical-type experiences. Having a positive “set” as well as having the experience with intentions related to “recreation” were both found to decrease the likelihood of having a challenging experience. The baseline trait “absorption” and higher drug doses promoted all aspects of the acute experience, i.e., mystical-type and challenging experiences, as well as visual effects. When comparing the relative contribution of different types of variables in explaining the variance in the change in well-being, it seemed that baseline trait variables had the strongest effect on the change in well-being after a psychedelic experience. These results confirm the importance of extra-pharmacological factors in determining responses to a psychedelic. We view this study as an early step towards the development of empirical guidelines that can evolve and improve iteratively with the ultimate purpose of guiding crucial clinical decisions about whether, when, where and how to dose with a psychedelic, thus helping to mitigate risks while maximizing potential benefits in an evidence-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline C H M Haijen
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mendel Kaelen
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leor Roseman
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Timmermann
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Kettner
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Russ
- Psychology Program, Department of Social Sciences, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, United States
| | - David Nutt
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Daws
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D G Hampshire
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romy Lorenz
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L Carhart-Harris
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Mason SL, Daws RE, Soreq E, Johnson EB, Scahill RI, Tabrizi SJ, Barker RA, Hampshire A. Predicting clinical diagnosis in Huntington's disease: An imaging polymarker. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:532-543. [PMID: 29405351 PMCID: PMC5900832 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington's disease (HD) gene carriers can be identified before clinical diagnosis; however, statistical models for predicting when overt motor symptoms will manifest are too imprecise to be useful at the level of the individual. Perfecting this prediction is integral to the search for disease modifying therapies. This study aimed to identify an imaging marker capable of reliably predicting real-life clinical diagnosis in HD. METHOD A multivariate machine learning approach was applied to resting-state and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 19 premanifest HD gene carriers (preHD, 8 of whom developed clinical disease in the 5 years postscanning) and 21 healthy controls. A classification model was developed using cross-group comparisons between preHD and controls, and within the preHD group in relation to "estimated" and "actual" proximity to disease onset. Imaging measures were modeled individually, and combined, and permutation modeling robustly tested classification accuracy. RESULTS Classification performance for preHDs versus controls was greatest when all measures were combined. The resulting polymarker predicted converters with high accuracy, including those who were not expected to manifest in that time scale based on the currently adopted statistical models. INTERPRETATION We propose that a holistic multivariate machine learning treatment of brain abnormalities in the premanifest phase can be used to accurately identify those patients within 5 years of developing motor features of HD, with implications for prognostication and preclinical trials. Ann Neurol 2018;83:532-543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Mason
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard E. Daws
- The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (CNL), Division of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eyal Soreq
- The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (CNL), Division of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eileanoir B. Johnson
- Huntington's Disease Research CentreUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachael I. Scahill
- Huntington's Disease Research CentreUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Research CentreUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger A. Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (CNL), Division of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
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Daws RE, Hampshire A. The Negative Relationship between Reasoning and Religiosity Is Underpinned by a Bias for Intuitive Responses Specifically When Intuition and Logic Are in Conflict. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2191. [PMID: 29312057 PMCID: PMC5742220 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that religiosity correlates inversely with intelligence. A prominent hypothesis states that this correlation reflects behavioral biases toward intuitive problem solving, which causes errors when intuition conflicts with reasoning. We tested predictions of this hypothesis by analyzing data from two large-scale Internet-cohort studies (combined N = 63,235). We report that atheists surpass religious individuals in terms of reasoning but not working-memory performance. The religiosity effect is robust across sociodemographic factors including age, education and country of origin. It varies significantly across religions and this co-occurs with substantial cross-group differences in religious dogmatism. Critically, the religiosity effect is strongest for tasks that explicitly manipulate conflict; more specifically, atheists outperform the most dogmatic religious group by a substantial margin (0.6 standard deviations) during a color-word conflict task but not during a challenging matrix-reasoning task. These results support the hypothesis that behavioral biases rather than impaired general intelligence underlie the religiosity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Daws
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Chamberlain SR, Derbyshire K, Daws RE, Odlaug BL, Leppink EW, Grant JE. White matter tract integrity in treatment-resistant gambling disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 208:579-84. [PMID: 26846614 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.165506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling disorder is a relatively common psychiatric disorder recently re-classified within the DSM-5 under the category of 'substance-related and addictive disorders'. AIMS To compare white matter integrity in patients with gambling disorder with healthy controls; to explore relationships between white matter integrity and disease severity in gambling disorder. METHOD In total, 16 participants with treatment-resistant gambling disorder and 15 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). White matter integrity was analysed using tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS Gambling disorder was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Fractional anisotropy in distributed white matter tracts elsewhere correlated positively with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Reduced corpus callosum fractional anisotropy is suggestive of disorganised/damaged tracts in patients with gambling disorder, and this may represent a trait/vulnerability marker for the disorder. Future research should explore these measures in a larger sample, ideally incorporating a range of imaging markers (for example functional MRI) and enrolling unaffected first-degree relatives of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Chamberlain
- Samuel R. Chamberlain, MB/Bchir, PhD, MRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge and Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, UK; Katherine Derbyshire, BS, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Richard E. Daws, Msc, Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK; Brian L. Odlaug, MPH, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eric W. Leppink, BA, Jon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Derbyshire
- Samuel R. Chamberlain, MB/Bchir, PhD, MRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge and Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, UK; Katherine Derbyshire, BS, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Richard E. Daws, Msc, Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK; Brian L. Odlaug, MPH, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eric W. Leppink, BA, Jon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard E Daws
- Samuel R. Chamberlain, MB/Bchir, PhD, MRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge and Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, UK; Katherine Derbyshire, BS, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Richard E. Daws, Msc, Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK; Brian L. Odlaug, MPH, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eric W. Leppink, BA, Jon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian L Odlaug
- Samuel R. Chamberlain, MB/Bchir, PhD, MRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge and Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, UK; Katherine Derbyshire, BS, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Richard E. Daws, Msc, Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK; Brian L. Odlaug, MPH, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eric W. Leppink, BA, Jon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric W Leppink
- Samuel R. Chamberlain, MB/Bchir, PhD, MRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge and Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, UK; Katherine Derbyshire, BS, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Richard E. Daws, Msc, Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK; Brian L. Odlaug, MPH, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eric W. Leppink, BA, Jon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jon E Grant
- Samuel R. Chamberlain, MB/Bchir, PhD, MRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge and Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, UK; Katherine Derbyshire, BS, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Richard E. Daws, Msc, Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK; Brian L. Odlaug, MPH, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eric W. Leppink, BA, Jon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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