1
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Czajko S, Vignaud A, Eger E. Human brain representations of internally generated outcomes of approximate calculation revealed by ultra-high-field brain imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:572. [PMID: 38233387 PMCID: PMC10794709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Much of human culture's advanced technology owes its existence to the ability to mentally manipulate quantities. Neuroscience has described the brain regions overall recruited by numerical tasks and the neuronal codes representing individual quantities during perceptual tasks. Nevertheless, it remains unknown how quantity representations are combined or transformed during mental computations and how specific quantities are coded in the brain when generated as the result of internal computations rather than evoked by a stimulus. Here, we imaged the brains of adult human subjects at 7 Tesla during an approximate calculation task designed to disentangle in- and outputs of the computation from the operation itself. While physically presented sample numerosities were distinguished in activity patterns along the dorsal visual pathway and within frontal and occipito-temporal regions, a representation of the internally generated result was most prominently detected in higher order regions such as angular gyrus and lateral prefrontal cortex. Behavioral precision in the task was related to cross-decoding performance between sample and result representations in medial IPS regions. This suggests the transformation of sample into result may be carried out within dorsal stream sensory-motor integration regions, and resulting outputs maintained for task purposes in higher-level regions in a format possibly detached from sensory-evoked inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Czajko
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- EDUWELL team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Vignaud
- UNIRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evelyn Eger
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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2
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Khanam F, Ahmad M, Hossain ABMA. Investigation of the neural correlation with task performance and its effect on cognitive load level classification. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291576. [PMID: 38127869 PMCID: PMC10735190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based cognitive load assessment is now an important assignment in psychological research. This type of research work is conducted by providing some mental task to the participants and their responses are counted through their EEG signal. In general assumption, it is considered that during different tasks, the cognitive workload is increased. This paper has investigated this specific idea and showed that the conventional hypothesis is not correct always. This paper showed that cognitive load can be varied according to the performance of the participants. In this paper, EEG data of 36 participants are taken against their resting and task (mental arithmetic) conditions. The features of the signal were extracted using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and classified using the support vector machine (SVM) model. Based on the classification accuracy, some hypotheses are built upon the impact of subjects' performance on cognitive load. Based on some statistical consideration and graphical justification, it has been shown how the hypotheses are valid. This result will help to construct the machine learning-based model in predicting the cognitive load assessment more appropriately in a subject-independent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Khanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - A. B. M. Aowlad Hossain
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
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3
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Dattola S, Bonanno L, Ielo A, Quercia A, Quartarone A, La Foresta F. Brain Active Areas Associated with a Mental Arithmetic Task: An eLORETA Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1388. [PMID: 38135979 PMCID: PMC10740510 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural underpinnings of mental calculation, the fundamentals of arithmetic representations and processes, and the development of arithmetic abilities have been explored by researchers over the years. In the present work, we report a study that analyzes the brain-activated areas of a group of 35 healthy subjects (9 males, 26 females, mean age ± SD = 18.23 ± 2.20 years) who performed a serial subtraction arithmetic task. In contrast to most of the studies in the literature based on fMRI, we performed the brain active source reconstruction starting from EEG signals by means of the eLORETA method. In particular, the subjects were classified as bad counters or good counters, according to the results of the task, and the brain activity of the two groups was compared. The results were statistically significant only in the beta band, revealing that the left limbic lobe was found to be more active in people showing better performance. The limbic lobe is involved in visuospatial processing, memory, arithmetic fact retrieval, and emotions. However, the role of the limbic lobe in mental arithmetic has been barely explored, so these interesting findings could represent a starting point for future in-depth analyses. Since there is evidence in the literature that the motor system is affected by the execution of arithmetic tasks, a more extensive knowledge of the brain activation associated with arithmetic tasks could be exploited not only for the assessment of mathematical skills but also in the evaluation of motor impairments and, consequently, in rehabilitation for motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dattola
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Via Palermo c/da Casazza, SS. 113, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.D.); (L.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Via Palermo c/da Casazza, SS. 113, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.D.); (L.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Augusto Ielo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Via Palermo c/da Casazza, SS. 113, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.D.); (L.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Angelica Quercia
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Via Palermo c/da Casazza, SS. 113, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.D.); (L.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Fabio La Foresta
- DICEAM Department, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella Feo di Vito, 89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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4
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Nakai T, Nishimoto S. Artificial neural network modelling of the neural population code underlying mathematical operations. Neuroimage 2023; 270:119980. [PMID: 36848969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mathematical operations have long been regarded as a sparse, symbolic process in neuroimaging studies. In contrast, advances in artificial neural networks (ANN) have enabled extracting distributed representations of mathematical operations. Recent neuroimaging studies have compared distributed representations of the visual, auditory and language domains in ANNs and biological neural networks (BNNs). However, such a relationship has not yet been examined in mathematics. Here we hypothesise that ANN-based distributed representations can explain brain activity patterns of symbolic mathematical operations. We used the fMRI data of a series of mathematical problems with nine different combinations of operators to construct voxel-wise encoding/decoding models using both sparse operator and latent ANN features. Representational similarity analysis demonstrated shared representations between ANN and BNN, an effect particularly evident in the intraparietal sulcus. Feature-brain similarity (FBS) analysis served to reconstruct a sparse representation of mathematical operations based on distributed ANN features in each cortical voxel. Such reconstruction was more efficient when using features from deeper ANN layers. Moreover, latent ANN features allowed the decoding of novel operators not used during model training from brain activity. The current study provides novel insights into the neural code underlying mathematical thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakai
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France.
| | - Shinji Nishimoto
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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5
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Rezaeizadeh M, Shamma S. Binding the Acoustic Features of an Auditory Source through Temporal Coherence. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab060. [PMID: 34746791 PMCID: PMC8567849 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that the perception of a target sound stream (or source) can only be segregated from a complex acoustic background mixture if the acoustic features underlying its perceptual attributes (e.g., pitch, location, and timbre) induce temporally modulated responses that are mutually correlated (or coherent), and that are uncorrelated (incoherent) from those of other sources in the mixture. This "temporal coherence" hypothesis asserts that attentive listening to one acoustic feature of a target enhances brain responses to that feature but would also concomitantly (1) induce mutually excitatory influences with other coherently responding neurons, thus enhancing (or binding) them all as they respond to the attended source; by contrast, (2) suppressive interactions are hypothesized to build up among neurons driven by temporally incoherent sound features, thus relatively reducing their activity. In this study, we report on EEG measurements in human subjects engaged in various sound segregation tasks that demonstrate rapid binding among the temporally coherent features of the attended source regardless of their identity (pure tone components, tone complexes, or noise), harmonic relationship, or frequency separation, thus confirming the key role temporal coherence plays in the analysis and organization of auditory scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rezaeizadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
| | - Shihab Shamma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitive, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Ishii A, Matsuo T, Yoshikawa T. Association between the total amount of electromagnetic cortical neuronal activity and a decline in motivation. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15028. [PMID: 34558220 PMCID: PMC8461028 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In situations involving fatigue, the increase in fatigue levels and the apparent decrease in motivation levels are thought to suppress mental and physical performance to avoid disrupting homeostasis and aid recovery; however, the ultimate source of information on which the brain depends to perceive fatigue and/or a loss of motivation for protection remains unknown. In this study, we found that, as assessed by magnetoencephalography, electromagnetic cortical neuronal activity while performing cognitive tasks was associated with a decrease in motivation caused by the tasks in healthy participants, suggesting the possibility that the brain utilizes information that reflects the invested amount of neural activity to suppress performance. To our knowledge, this is the first report to provide clues for the missing link between neural investments and the resulting activation of the biological alarms that suppress performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ishii
- Department of Sports MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Sports MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Sports MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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7
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Schreiner T, Petzka M, Staudigl T, Staresina BP. Endogenous memory reactivation during sleep in humans is clocked by slow oscillation-spindle complexes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3112. [PMID: 34035303 PMCID: PMC8149676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is thought to support memory consolidation via reactivation of prior experiences, with particular electrophysiological sleep signatures (slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles) gating the information flow between relevant brain areas. However, empirical evidence for a role of endogenous memory reactivation (i.e., without experimentally delivered memory cues) for consolidation in humans is lacking. Here, we devised a paradigm in which participants acquired associative memories before taking a nap. Multivariate decoding was then used to capture endogenous memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in surface EEG recordings. Our results reveal reactivation of learning material during SO-spindle complexes, with the precision of SO-spindle coupling predicting reactivation strength. Critically, reactivation strength (i.e. classifier evidence in favor of the previously studied stimulus category) in turn predicts the level of consolidation across participants. These results elucidate the memory function of sleep in humans and emphasize the importance of SOs and spindles in clocking endogenous consolidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marit Petzka
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard P Staresina
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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8
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Klichowski M, Kroliczak G. Mental Shopping Calculations: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1930. [PMID: 32849133 PMCID: PMC7417662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most critical skills behind consumer's behavior is the ability to assess whether a price after a discount is a real bargain. Yet, the neural underpinnings and cognitive mechanisms associated with such a skill are largely unknown. While there is general agreement that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) on the left is critical for mental calculations, and there is also recent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) evidence pointing to the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the right PPC as crucial for consumer-like arithmetic (e.g., multi-digit mental addition or subtraction), it is still unknown whether SMG is involved in calculations of sale prices. Here, we show that the neural mechanisms underlying discount arithmetic characteristic for shopping are different from complex addition or subtraction, with discount calculations engaging left SMG more. We obtained these outcomes by remodeling our laboratory to resemble a shop and asking participants to calculate prices after discounts (e.g., $8.80-25 or $4.80-75%), while stimulating left and right SMG with neuronavigated rTMS. Our results indicate that such complex shopping calculations as establishing the price after a discount involve SMG asymmetrically, whereas simpler calculations such as price addition do not. These findings have some consequences for neural models of mathematical cognition and shed some preliminary light on potential consumer's behavior in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Klichowski
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gregory Kroliczak
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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9
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Belkacem AN, Kiso K, Uokawa E, Goto T, Yorifuji S, Hirata M. Neural Processing Mechanism of Mental Calculation Based on Cerebral Oscillatory Changes: A Comparison Between Abacus Experts and Novices. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:137. [PMID: 32351373 PMCID: PMC7176303 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abacus experts could mentally calculate fast some mathematical operations using multi-digit numbers. The temporal dynamics of abacus mental calculation are still unknown although some behavioral and neuroimaging studies have suggested a visuospatial and visuomotor neural process during abacus mental calculation. Therefore, this contribution aims to clarify the significant similarities and the differences between experts and novices by investigating calculation-induced neuromagnetic responses based on cerebral oscillatory changes. Methods: Twelve to 13 healthy abacus experts and 17 non-experts participated in two experimental paradigms using non-invasive neuromagnetic measurements. In experiments 1 and 2, the spatial distribution of oscillatory changes presented mental calculations and temporal frequency profiles during addition while examining multiplication tasks. The MEG data were analyzed using synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) with an adaptive beamformer to calculate the group average of the spatial distribution of oscillatory changes and their temporal frequency profiles in source-level analyses. Results: Using a group average of the spatial distribution of oscillatory changes, we observed some common brain activities in both right-handed abacus experts and non-experts. In non-experts, we detected the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and bilateral Intraparietal sulcus (IPS); whereas in experts, detected the bilateral parieto-occipital sulcus (POS), right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and left sensorimotor areas mainly. Based on the findings generated, we could propose calculation processing models for both abacus experts and non- experts conveniently. Conclusion: The proposed model of calculation processing in abacus experts and novices revealed that the novices could calculate logically depending on numerical processing in the left IPS. In contrast, abacus experts are utilizing spatial processing using a memorized imaginary abacus, which distributed over the bilateral hemispheres in the IFG and sensorimotor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem
- Department of Computer and Network Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kanako Kiso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Etsuko Uokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsu Goto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shiro Yorifuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Endowed Research Department of Clinical Neuroengineering, Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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10
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Furutani N, Nariya Y, Takahashi T, Ito H, Yoshimura Y, Hiraishi H, Hasegawa C, Ikeda T, Kikuchi M. Neural Decoding of Multi-Modal Imagery Behavior Focusing on Temporal Complexity. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:746. [PMID: 32848924 PMCID: PMC7406828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery behaviors of various modalities include visual, auditory, and motor behaviors. Their alterations are pathologically involved in various psychiatric disorders. Results of earlier studies suggest that imagery behaviors are correlated with the modulated activities of the respective modality-specific regions and the additional activities of supramodal imagery-related regions. Additionally, despite the availability of complexity analysis in the neuroimaging field, it has not been used for neural decoding approaches. Therefore, we sought to characterize neural oscillation related to multimodal imagery through complexity-based neural decoding. For this study, we modified existing complexity measures to characterize the time evolution of temporal complexity. We took magnetoencephalography (MEG) data of eight healthy subjects as they performed multimodal imagery and non-imagery tasks. The MEG data were decomposed into amplitude and phase of sub-band frequencies by Hilbert-Huang transform. Subsequently, we calculated the complexity values of each reconstructed time series, along with raw data and band power for comparison, and applied these results as inputs to decode visual perception (VP), visual imagery (VI), motor execution (ME), and motor imagery (MI) functions. Consequently, intra-subject decoding with the complexity yielded a characteristic sensitivity map for each task with high decoding accuracy. The map is inverted in the occipital regions between VP and VI and in the central regions between ME and MI. Additionally, replacement of the labels into two classes as imagery and non-imagery also yielded better classification performance and characteristic sensitivity with the complexity. It is particularly interesting that some subjects showed characteristic sensitivities not only in modality-specific regions, but also in supramodal regions. These analyses indicate that two-class and four-class classifications each provided better performance when using complexity than when using raw data or band power as input. When inter-subject decoding was used with the same model, characteristic sensitivity maps were also obtained, although their decoding performance was lower. Results of this study underscore the availability of complexity measures in neural decoding approaches and suggest the possibility of a modality-independent imagery-related mechanism. The use of time evolution of temporal complexity in neural decoding might extend our knowledge of the neural bases of hierarchical functions in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Furutani
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Nariya
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Haruka Ito
- General course, Sundai-Kofu High School, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hiraishi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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11
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Seleznov I, Zyma I, Kiyono K, Tukaev S, Popov A, Chernykh M, Shpenkov O. Detrended Fluctuation, Coherence, and Spectral Power Analysis of Activation Rearrangement in EEG Dynamics During Cognitive Workload. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:270. [PMID: 31440151 PMCID: PMC6694837 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study of human cognitive activity using electroencephalogram (EEG), the brain dynamics parameters and characteristics play a crucial role. They allow to investigate the changes in functionality depending on the environment and task performance process, and also to access the intensity of the brain activity in various locations of the cortex and its dependencies. Usually, the dynamics of activation of different brain areas during the cognitive tasks are being studied by spectral analysis based on power spectral density (PSD) estimation, and coherence analysis, which are de facto standard tools in quantitative characterization of brain activity. PSD and coherence reflect the strength of oscillations and similarity of the emergence of these oscillations in the brain, respectively, while the concept of stability of brain activity over time is not well defined and less formalized. We propose to employ the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) as a measure of the EEG persistence over time, and use the DFA scaling exponent as its quantitative characteristics. We applied DFA to the study of the changes in activation in brain dynamics during mental calculations and united it with PSD and coherence estimation. In the experiment, EEGs during resting state and mental serial subtraction from 36 subjects were recorded and analyzed in four frequency ranges: θ1 (4.1-5.8 Hz), θ2 (5.9-7.4 Hz), β1 (13-19.9 Hz), and β2 (20-25 Hz). PSD maps to access the intensity of cortex activation and coherence to quantify the connections between different brain areas were calculated, the distribution of DFA scaling exponent over the head surface was exploited to measure the time characteristics of the dynamics of brain activity. Obtained arrangements of DFA scaling exponent suggest that normal functioning of the brain is characterized by long-term temporal correlations in the cortex. Topographical distribution of the DFA scaling exponent was comparable for θ and β frequency bands, demonstrating the largest values of DFA scaling exponent during cognitive activation. The study shows that the long-term temporal correlations evaluated by DFA can be of great interest for diagnosis of the variety of brain dysfunctions of different etiology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Seleznov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Zyma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sergii Tukaev
- Department of Physiology of Brain and Psychophysiology, Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Social Communication, Institute of Journalism, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory on Theory and Methodic of Sport Preparation and Reserve Capabilities of Athletes, Scientific Research Institute, National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
- R&D Engineering, Ciklum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariia Chernykh
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Shpenkov
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Doricchi F, Willmes K, Burr D. Number cognition. Cortex 2019; 114:1-4. [PMID: 30999988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Doricchi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Klaus Willmes
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - David Burr
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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13
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Abstract
This work has been carried out to support the investigation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) Fourier power spectral, coherence, and detrended fluctuation characteristics during performance of mental tasks. To this aim, the presented dataset contains International 10/20 system EEG recordings from subjects under mental cognitive workload (performing mental serial subtraction) and the corresponding reference background EEGs. Based on the subtraction task performance (number of subtractions and accuracy of the result), the subjects were divided into good counters and bad counters (for whom the mental task required excessive efforts). The data was recorded from 36 healthy volunteers of matched age, all of whom are students of Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv (Ukraine); the recordings are available through Physiobank platform. The dataset can be used by the neuroscience research community studying brain dynamics during cognitive workload.
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