1
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Parker AJ, Hontaru ME, Lin R, Ollerenshaw S, Bonandrini R. Opposite perceptual biases in analogous auditory and visual tasks are unique to consonant-vowel strings and are unlikely a consequence of repetition. Laterality 2024; 29:283-312. [PMID: 38700997 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2024.2348832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite wide reporting of a right ear (RE) advantage on dichotic listening tasks and a right visual field (RVF) advantage on visual half-field tasks, we know very little about the relationship between these perceptual biases. Previous studies that have investigated perceptual asymmetries for analogous auditory and visual consonant-vowel tasks have indicated a serendipitous finding: a RE advantage and a left visual field (LVF) advantage with poor cross-modal correlations. In this study, we examined the possibility that this LVF advantage for visual processing of consonant-vowel strings may be a consequence of repetition by examining perceptual biases in analogous auditory and visual tasks for both consonant-vowel strings and words. We replicated opposite perceptual biases for consonant-vowel strings (RE and LVF advantages). This did not extend to word stimuli where we found RE and RVF advantages. Furthermore, these perceptual biases did not differ across the three experimental blocks. Thus, we can firmly conclude that this LVF advantage is unique to consonant-vowel strings and is not a consequence of the repetition of a relatively limited number of stimuli. Finally, a test of covariances indicated no cross-modal relationships between laterality indices suggesting that perceptual biases are dissociable within individuals and cluster on mode of presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Parker
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria-Elisabeta Hontaru
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Lin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Ollerenshaw
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rolando Bonandrini
- Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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2
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Li R, Xu M, You J, Zhou X, Meng J, Xiao X, Jung TP, Ming D. Modulation of rhythmic visual stimulation on left-right attentional asymmetry. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1156890. [PMID: 37250403 PMCID: PMC10213214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythmic visual stimulation (RVS)-induced oscillatory brain responses, namely steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), have been widely used as a biomarker in studies of neural processing based on the assumption that they would not affect cognition. However, recent studies have suggested that the generation of SSVEPs might be attributed to neural entrainment and thus could impact brain functions. But their neural and behavioral effects are yet to be explored. No study has reported the SSVEP influence on functional cerebral asymmetry (FCA). We propose a novel lateralized visual discrimination paradigm to test the SSVEP effects on visuospatial selective attention by FCA analyses. Thirty-eight participants covertly shifted their attention to a target triangle appearing in either the lower-left or -right visual field (LVF or RVF), and judged its orientation. Meanwhile, participants were exposed to a series of task-independent RVSs at different frequencies, including 0 (no RVS), 10, 15, and 40-Hz. As a result, it showed that target discrimination accuracy and reaction time (RT) varied significantly across RVS frequency. Furthermore, attentional asymmetries differed for the 40-Hz condition relative to the 10-Hz condition as indexed by enhanced RT bias to the right visual field, and larger Pd EEG component for attentional suppression. Our results demonstrated that RVSs had frequency-specific effects on left-right attentional asymmetries in both behavior and neural activities. These findings provided new insights into the functional role of SSVEP on FCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minpeng Xu
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia You
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayuan Meng
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dong Ming
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Ellis RJ. Questionable Research Practices, Low Statistical Power, and Other Obstacles to Replicability: Why Preclinical Neuroscience Research Would Benefit from Registered Reports. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0017-22.2022. [PMID: 35922130 PMCID: PMC9351632 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0017-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicability, the degree to which a previous scientific finding can be repeated in a distinct set of data, has been considered an integral component of institutionalized scientific practice since its inception several hundred years ago. In the past decade, large-scale replication studies have demonstrated that replicability is far from favorable, across multiple scientific fields. Here, I evaluate this literature and describe contributing factors including the prevalence of questionable research practices (QRPs), misunderstanding of p-values, and low statistical power. I subsequently discuss how these issues manifest specifically in preclinical neuroscience research. I conclude that these problems are multifaceted and difficult to solve, relying on the actions of early and late career researchers, funding sources, academic publishers, and others. I assert that any viable solution to the problem of substandard replicability must include changing academic incentives, with adoption of registered reports being the most immediately impactful and pragmatic strategy. For animal research in particular, comprehensive reporting guidelines that document potential sources of sensitivity for experimental outcomes is an essential addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Ellis
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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4
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A nasal visual field advantage in interocular competition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4616. [PMID: 35301373 PMCID: PMC8931001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
When our eyes are confronted with discrepant images (yielding incompatible retinal inputs) interocular competition (IOC) is instigated. During IOC, one image temporarily dominates perception, while the other is suppressed. Many factors affecting IOC have been extensively examined. One factor that received surprisingly little attention, however, is the stimulus’ visual hemifield (VHF) of origin. This is remarkable, as the VHF location of stimuli is known to affect visual performance in various contexts. Prompted by exploratory analyses, we examined five independent datasets of breaking continuous flash suppression experiments, to establish the VHF’s role in IOC. We found that targets presented in nasal VHF locations broke through suppression much faster than targets in temporal VHF locations. Furthermore, we found that the magnitude of this nasal advantage depended on how strongly the targets were suppressed: the nasal advantage was larger for the recessive eye than for the dominant eye, and was larger in observers with a greater dominance imbalance between the eyes. Our findings suggest that the nasal advantage reported here originates in processing stages where IOC is resolved. Finally, we propose that a nasal advantage in IOC serves an adaptive role in human vision, as it can aid perception of partially occluded objects.
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5
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Metzen D, Genç E, Getzmann S, Larra MF, Wascher E, Ocklenburg S. Frontal and parietal EEG alpha asymmetry: a large-scale investigation of short-term reliability on distinct EEG systems. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:725-740. [PMID: 34676455 PMCID: PMC8843903 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
EEG resting-state alpha asymmetry is one of the most widely investigated forms of functional hemispheric asymmetries in both basic and clinical neuroscience. However, studies yield inconsistent results. One crucial prerequisite to obtain reproducible results is the reliability of the index of interest. There is a body of research suggesting a moderate-to-good reliability of EEG resting-state alpha asymmetry, but unfortunately sample sizes in these studies are typically small. This study presents the first large-scale short-term reliability study of frontal and parietal EEG resting-state alpha asymmetry. We used the Dortmund Vital Study data set containing 370 participants. In each participant, EEG resting state was recorded eight times, twice with their eyes opened, twice with their eyes-closed, each on two different EEG systems. We found good reliability of EEG alpha power and alpha asymmetry on both systems for electrode pairs. We also found that alpha power asymmetry reliability is higher in the eyes-closed condition than in the eyes-open condition. The frontomedial electrode pair showed weaker reliability than the frontolateral and parietal electrode pairs. Interestingly, we found no population-level alpha asymmetry in frontal electrodes, one of the most investigated electrode sites in alpha asymmetry research. In conclusion, our results suggest that while EEG alpha asymmetry is an overall reliable measure, frontal alpha asymmetry should be assessed using multiple electrode pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Metzen
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Erhan Genç
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mauro F Larra
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany
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6
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Pavlov YG, Adamian N, Appelhoff S, Arvaneh M, Benwell CSY, Beste C, Bland AR, Bradford DE, Bublatzky F, Busch NA, Clayson PE, Cruse D, Czeszumski A, Dreber A, Dumas G, Ehinger B, Ganis G, He X, Hinojosa JA, Huber-Huber C, Inzlicht M, Jack BN, Johannesson M, Jones R, Kalenkovich E, Kaltwasser L, Karimi-Rouzbahani H, Keil A, König P, Kouara L, Kulke L, Ladouceur CD, Langer N, Liesefeld HR, Luque D, MacNamara A, Mudrik L, Muthuraman M, Neal LB, Nilsonne G, Niso G, Ocklenburg S, Oostenveld R, Pernet CR, Pourtois G, Ruzzoli M, Sass SM, Schaefer A, Senderecka M, Snyder JS, Tamnes CK, Tognoli E, van Vugt MK, Verona E, Vloeberghs R, Welke D, Wessel JR, Zakharov I, Mushtaq F. #EEGManyLabs: Investigating the replicability of influential EEG experiments. Cortex 2021; 144:213-229. [PMID: 33965167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings about the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardised analysis pipelines. Inspired by recent efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri G Pavlov
- University of Tuebingen, Germany; Ural Federal University, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Dreber
- Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden; University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Xun He
- Bournemouth University, UK
| | - José A Hinojosa
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Universidad Nebrija, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Kaltwasser
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter König
- University Osnabrück, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Louisa Kulke
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Langer
- University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - David Luque
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Liad Mudrik
- School of Psychological Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Guiomar Niso
- Indiana University, Bloomington, USA; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel S Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominik Welke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Germany
| | - Jan R Wessel
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA; University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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7
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Parker AJ, Woodhead ZVJ, Thompson PA, Bishop DVM. Assessing the reliability of an online behavioural laterality battery: A pre-registered study. Laterality 2020; 26:359-397. [PMID: 33323065 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2020.1859526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of cerebral lateralization often involve participants completing a series of perceptual tasks under laboratory conditions. This has constrained the number of participants recruited in such studies. Online testing can allow for much larger sample sizes but limits the amount of experimental control that is feasible. Here we considered whether online testing could give valid and reliable results on four tasks: a rhyme decision visual half-field task, a dichotic listening task, a chimeric faces task, and a finger tapping task. We recruited 392 participants, oversampling left-handers, who completed the battery twice. Three of the tasks showed evidence of both validity and reliability, insofar as they showed hemispheric advantages in the expected direction and test-retest reliability of at least r = .75. The reliability of the rhyme decision task was less satisfactory (r = .62). We also confirmed a prediction that extreme left-handers were more likely to depart from typical lateralization. Lateralization across the two language tasks (dichotic listening and rhyme judgement) was weakly correlated, but unrelated to lateralization on the chimeric faces task. We conclude that three of the tasks, dichotic listening, chimeric faces and finger tapping, show considerable promise for online evaluation of cerebral lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Parker
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoe V J Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul A Thompson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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The Brain’s Asymmetric Frequency Tuning: Asymmetric Behavior Originates from Asymmetric Perception. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To construct a coherent multi-modal percept, vertebrate brains extract low-level features (such as spatial and temporal frequencies) from incoming sensory signals. However, because frequency processing is lateralized with the right hemisphere favouring low frequencies while the left favours higher frequencies, this introduces asymmetries between the hemispheres. Here, we describe how this lateralization shapes the development of several cognitive domains, ranging from visuo-spatial and numerical cognition to language, social cognition, and even aesthetic appreciation, and leads to the emergence of asymmetries in behaviour. We discuss the neuropsychological and educational implications of these emergent asymmetries and suggest future research approaches.
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9
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Griffiths O, Gwinn OS, Russo S, Baetu I, Nicholls MER. Reinforcement history shapes primary visual cortical responses: An SSVEP study. Biol Psychol 2020; 158:108004. [PMID: 33290847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient learning requires allocating limited attentional resources to meaningful stimuli and away from irrelevant stimuli. This prioritization may occur via covert attention, evident in the activity of the visual cortex. We used steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) to assess whether associability-driven changes in stimulus processing were evident in visuocortical responses. Participants were trained on a learned-predictiveness protocol, whereby one stimulus on each trial accurately predicted the correct response for that trial, and the other was irrelevant. In a second phase the task was arranged so that all cues were objectively predictive. Participants' overt attention (eye gaze) was affected by each cue's reinforcement history, as was their covert attention (SSVEP responses). These biases persisted into Phase 2 when all stimuli were objectively predictive, thereby demonstrating that learned attentional processes are evident in basic sensory processing, and exert an effect on covert attention above and beyond the effects of overt gaze bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Griffiths
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia.
| | - O Scott Gwinn
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
| | - Salvatore Russo
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
| | - Irina Baetu
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Michael E R Nicholls
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
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10
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Towards a unified understanding of lateralized vision: A large-scale study investigating principles governing patterns of lateralization using a heterogeneous sample. Cortex 2020; 133:201-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Lupyan G, Abdel Rahman R, Boroditsky L, Clark A. Effects of Language on Visual Perception. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:930-944. [PMID: 33012687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Does language change what we perceive? Does speaking different languages cause us to perceive things differently? We review the behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for the influence of language on perception, with an emphasis on the visual modality. Effects of language on perception can be observed both in higher-level processes such as recognition and in lower-level processes such as discrimination and detection. A consistent finding is that language causes us to perceive in a more categorical way. Rather than being fringe or exotic, as they are sometimes portrayed, we discuss how effects of language on perception naturally arise from the interactive and predictive nature of perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Lupyan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | | | - Andy Clark
- University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Ocklenburg S, Berretz G, Packheiser J, Friedrich P. Laterality 2020: entering the next decade. Laterality 2020; 26:265-297. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2020.1804396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gesa Berretz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Packheiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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13
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Mahon BZ, Kemmerer D. Interactions between language, thought, and perception: Cognitive and neural perspectives. Cogn Neuropsychol 2020; 37:235-240. [PMID: 33172363 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2020.1829578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The role that language plays in shaping non-linguistic cognitive and perceptual systems has been the subject of much theoretical and experimental attention over the past half-century. Understanding how language interacts with non-linguistic systems can provide insight into broader constraints on cognitive and brain organization. The papers that form this volume investigate various ways in which linguistic structure can interact with and influence how speakers think about and perceive the world, and the related issue of the constraints that in turn shape linguistic representations. These theoretical and empirical contributions support deeper understanding of the interactions between language, thought, and perception, and motivate new approaches for developing directional predictions at both the neural and cognitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Kemmerer
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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14
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Steffener J, Rana Z, Dancey S, Chang YY, Hernandez FR, Guy C. Screen position effects on task performance in a delayed match to sample task. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 208:103123. [PMID: 32585434 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of working memory have used immediate and delayed recall of lists of items. Serial position effects are the phenomena where items at the beginning and end of a studied list are recalled differentially from items in the middle of the list. In matching versions of the task, study items may be presented serially or simultaneously in a grid. After a delay a single probe item is presented for which the participant determines whether or not it was in the study set. The effects of the position of an item when studied on a screen are currently not well understood and are the focus of the current work. Findings from a delayed match to sample task in 49 healthy young adults with 1 to 9 items presented in a 3 by 3 grid, demonstrate that the column of the studied items affect response time and accuracy. The effects of position on accuracy also significantly interact with task demands. The importance of screen position effects is demonstrated with simulations using the mean accuracies split by task demands and screen locations. Simulations demonstrate the possible range of accuracies based on screen effects when the number of trials presented to an individual is less than 20 for each task demand. This has important implications when a small number of trials are administered using randomly generated stimuli which is often the case in neuroimaging studies where tasks are delivered under constrained time limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Steffener
- Neural Cognitive Mapping Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Zoha Rana
- Neural Cognitive Mapping Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Dancey
- Neural Cognitive Mapping Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Yao Chang
- Neural Cognitive Mapping Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Rosales Hernandez
- Neural Cognitive Mapping Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Guy
- Neural Cognitive Mapping Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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15
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De Clercq P, Brysbaert M. The influence of word valence on the right visual field advantage in the VHF paradigm: time to adjust the expectations. Laterality 2020; 25:537-559. [PMID: 32131686 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2020.1736091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies found that valence and visual half-field have an influence on word reading: Words are processed more efficiently when they evoke positive feelings and when they appear in the right visual field. In the present study we tried to address previous (contradictory) reports of an interaction between valence and visual half-field.A group of 39 right-handed undergraduates completed a lexical decision task in their native language (Dutch). They responded to 300 trials with real words and 300 trials with non-words. Overall, participants responded more efficiently to positive words and there was a strong right visual field advantage. We did not find a significant interaction, however. Further analysis indicated that to find a replicable interaction between a stimulus characteristic and visual half-field, one requires much high numbers of participants and stimuli than done so far. Experimental power is particularly low when the interaction is not fully crossed (a right visual field advantage for one type of stimulus and an equally large left visual field advantage for the other type of stimulus). If such investment cannot be made, the outcome is likely to be ambiguous at best and deceiving at worst if only significant findings are published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter De Clercq
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University Gent, Belgium
| | - Marc Brysbaert
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University Gent, Belgium
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16
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Bradshaw AR, Bishop D, Woodhead Z. Testing the interhemispheric deficit theory of dyslexia using the visual half-field technique. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 73:1004-1016. [PMID: 31813327 PMCID: PMC7297501 DOI: 10.1177/1747021819895472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A deficit in interhemispheric transfer has been proposed as a neuropsychological theory of dyslexia. Interactions between the hemispheres during word recognition can be studied using the visual half-field paradigm. The well-established recognition advantage for right visual field (RVF) words over left visual field (LVF) words is thought to reflect the additional processing costs associated with callosal transfer of LVF word representations to the language-specialised left hemisphere. In addition, a further gain in recognition for bilateral presentation of a word has been attributed to cooperative interactions between the hemispheres. These recognition advantages can therefore be seen as behavioural indices of the efficiency of callosal transfer. This study aimed to replicate the finding of an absence of the bilateral advantage in developmental dyslexia, previously reported by Henderson et al. In all, 47 dyslexic and 43 control adult participants were tested, and no significant difference was found in the size of the bilateral advantage between the two groups. Our data did however replicate the previous finding of an increased RVF-LVF difference in dyslexic participants caused by poorer accuracy for LVF words (i.e., a greater LVF cost). This evidence is compatible with the interhemispheric deficit theory of dyslexia, suggesting an impairment in the transfer of visual word information from the right to the left hemisphere during reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Bradshaw
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dvm Bishop
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zvj Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Siuda-Krzywicka K, Boros M, Bartolomeo P, Witzel C. The biological bases of colour categorisation: From goldfish to the human brain. Cortex 2019; 118:82-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Karlsson EM, Johnstone LT, Carey DP. The depth and breadth of multiple perceptual asymmetries in right handers and non-right handers. Laterality 2019; 24:707-739. [PMID: 31399020 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2019.1652308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several non-verbal perceptual and attentional processes have been linked with specialization of the right cerebral hemisphere. Given that most people have a left hemispheric specialization for language, it is tempting to assume that functions of these two classes of dominance are related. Unfortunately, such models of complementarity are notoriously hard to test. Here we suggest a method which compares frequency of a particular perceptual asymmetry with known frequencies of left hemispheric language dominance in right-handed and non-right handed groups. We illustrate this idea using the greyscales and colourscales tasks, chimeric faces, emotional dichotic listening, and a consonant-vowel dichotic listening task. Results show a substantial "breadth" of leftward bias on the right hemispheric tasks and rightward bias on verbal dichotic listening. Right handers and non-right handers did not differ in terms of proportions of people who were left biased for greyscales/colourscales. Support for reduced typical biases in non-right handers was found for chimeric faces and for CV dichotic listening. Results are discussed in terms of complementary theories of cerebral asymmetries, and how this type of method could be used to create a taxonomy of lateralized functions, each categorized as related to speech and language dominance, or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Karlsson
- Perception, Action and Memory Research Group, School of Psychology, Bangor University , Bangor , UK
| | | | - David P Carey
- Perception, Action and Memory Research Group, School of Psychology, Bangor University , Bangor , UK
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19
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Language lateralisation measured across linguistic and national boundaries. Cortex 2019; 111:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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