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Cepero-Escribano V, Cerda-Company X, León-Cabrera P, Olivé G, Cucurell D, Gasa-Roqué A, Gabarrós A, Naval-Baudin P, Camins À, Rico I, Fernández-Coello A, Sierpowska J, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Can the knight capture the queen? The role of supramarginal gyrus in chess rule-retrieval as evidenced by a novel combined awake brain mapping and fMRI protocol. Cortex 2024; 178:235-244. [PMID: 39047332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumours represent a burden for society, not only due to the risks they entail but also because of the possibility of losing relevant cognitive functions for the patient's life after their resection. In the present study, we report how we monitored chess performance through a multimodal Electrical Stimulation Mapping (ESM) - functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) combined protocol. The ESM was performed under a left parietal lobe tumour resection surgery on a patient that expressed the desire to preserve his chess playing ability post-operative. We designed an ad-hoc protocol to evaluate processes involved in chess performance that could be potentially affected by the tumour location: (i) visual search, (ii) rule-retrieval, and (iii) anticipation of checkmate. The fMRI study reported functional regions for chess performance, some of them proximal to the lesion in the left parietal lobe. The most relevant result was a positive eloquent point encountered in the vicinity of the left supramarginal gyrus while performing the rule-retrieval task in the ESM. This functional region was convergent with the activations observed in the pre-operative fMRI study for this condition. The behavioural assessment comparison revealed post-operative an increase in reaction time in some tasks but correctness in performance was maintained. Finally, the patient maintained the ability to play chess after the surgery. Our results provide a plausible protocol for future interventions and suggest a role of the left supramarginal gyrus in chess cognitive operations for the case presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cepero-Escribano
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xim Cerda-Company
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Computer Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Patricia León-Cabrera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Area of Psychology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Olivé
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - David Cucurell
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Anna Gasa-Roqué
- Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Gabarrós
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Naval-Baudin
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Camins
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Rico
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Coello
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna Sierpowska
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Costa C, Pezzetta R, Masina F, Lago S, Gastaldon S, Frangi C, Genon S, Arcara G, Scarpazza C. Comprehensive investigation of predictive processing: A cross- and within-cognitive domains fMRI meta-analytic approach. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26817. [PMID: 39169641 PMCID: PMC11339134 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Predictive processing (PP) stands as a predominant theoretical framework in neuroscience. While some efforts have been made to frame PP within a cognitive domain-general network perspective, suggesting the existence of a "prediction network," these studies have primarily focused on specific cognitive domains or functions. The question of whether a domain-general predictive network that encompasses all well-established cognitive domains exists remains unanswered. The present meta-analysis aims to address this gap by testing the hypothesis that PP relies on a large-scale network spanning across cognitive domains, supporting PP as a unified account toward a more integrated approach to neuroscience. The Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analytic approach was employed, along with Meta-Analytic Connectivity Mapping, conjunction analysis, and behavioral decoding techniques. The analyses focused on prediction incongruency and prediction congruency, two conditions likely reflective of core phenomena of PP. Additionally, the analysis focused on a prediction phenomena-independent dimension, regardless of prediction incongruency and congruency. These analyses were first applied to each cognitive domain considered (cognitive control, attention, motor, language, social cognition). Then, all cognitive domains were collapsed into a single, cross-domain dimension, encompassing a total of 252 experiments. Results pertaining to prediction incongruency rely on a defined network across cognitive domains, while prediction congruency results exhibited less overall activation and slightly more variability across cognitive domains. The converging patterns of activation across prediction phenomena and cognitive domains highlight the role of several brain hubs unfolding within an organized large-scale network (Dynamic Prediction Network), mainly encompassing bilateral insula, frontal gyri, claustrum, parietal lobules, and temporal gyri. Additionally, the crucial role played at a cross-domain, multimodal level by the anterior insula, as evidenced by the conjunction and Meta-Analytic Connectivity Mapping analyses, places it as the major hub of the Dynamic Prediction Network. Results support the hypothesis that PP relies on a domain-general, large-scale network within whose regions PP units are likely to operate, depending on the context and environmental demands. The wide array of regions within the Dynamic Prediction Network seamlessly integrate context- and stimulus-dependent predictive computations, thereby contributing to the adaptive updating of the brain's models of the inner and external world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Lago
- Padova Neuroscience CenterPaduaItaly
- IRCCS Ospedale San CamilloVeniceItaly
| | - Simone Gastaldon
- Padova Neuroscience CenterPaduaItaly
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della SocializzazioneUniversità degli Studi di PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Camilla Frangi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia GeneraleUniversità degli Studi di PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute for Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM‐7)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | | | - Cristina Scarpazza
- IRCCS Ospedale San CamilloVeniceItaly
- Dipartimento di Psicologia GeneraleUniversità degli Studi di PadovaPaduaItaly
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Nozari N, Martin RC. Is working memory domain-general or domain-specific? Trends Cogn Sci 2024:S1364-6613(24)00164-5. [PMID: 39019705 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Given the fundamental role of working memory (WM) in all domains of cognition, a central question has been whether WM is domain-general. However, the term 'domain-general' has been used in different, and sometimes misleading, ways. By reviewing recent evidence and biologically plausible models of WM, we show that the level of domain-generality varies substantially between three facets of WM: in terms of computations, WM is largely domain-general. In terms of neural correlates, it contains both domain-general and domain-specific elements. Finally, in terms of application, it is mostly domain-specific. This variance encourages a shift of focus towards uncovering domain-general computational principles and away from domain-general approaches to the analysis of individual differences and WM training, favoring newer perspectives, such as training-as-skill-learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazbanou Nozari
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Randi C Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Rominger C, Koschutnig K, Fink A, Perchtold-Stefan CM. MRI resting-state signature of the propensity to experience meaningful coincidences: a functional coupling analysis. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae269. [PMID: 38984703 PMCID: PMC11234293 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The propensity to experience meaningful patterns in random arrangements and unrelated events shows considerable interindividual differences. Reduced inhibitory control (over sensory processes) and decreased working memory capacities are associated with this trait, which implies that the activation of frontal as well as posterior brain regions may be altered during rest and working memory tasks. In addition, people experiencing more meaningful coincidences showed reduced gray matter of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which is linked to the inhibition of irrelevant information in working memory and the control and integration of multisensory information. To study deviations in the functional connectivity of the IFG with posterior associative areas, the present study investigated the fMRI resting state in a large sample of n = 101 participants. We applied seed-to-voxel analysis and found that people who perceive more meaningful coincidences showed negative functional connectivity of the left IFG (i.e. pars triangularis) with areas of the left posterior associative cortex (e.g. superior parietal cortex). A data-driven multivoxel pattern analysis further indicated that functional connectivity of a cluster located in the right cerebellum with a cluster including parts of the left middle frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, and the left IFG (pars opercularis) was associated with meaningful coincidences. These findings add evidence to the neurocognitive foundations of the propensity to experience meaningful coincidences, which strengthens the idea that deviations of working memory functions and inhibition of sensory and motor information explain why people experience more meaning in meaningless noise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Koschutnig
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Fink
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Das A, Menon V. Frequency-specific directed connectivity between the hippocampus and parietal cortex during verbal and spatial episodic memory: an intracranial EEG replication. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae287. [PMID: 39042030 PMCID: PMC11264422 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus-parietal cortex circuits are thought to play a crucial role in memory and attention, but their neural basis remains poorly understood. We employed intracranial intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) to investigate the neurophysiological underpinning of these circuits across three memory tasks spanning verbal and spatial domains. We uncovered a consistent pattern of higher causal directed connectivity from the hippocampus to both lateral parietal cortex (supramarginal and angular gyrus) and medial parietal cortex (posterior cingulate cortex) in the delta-theta band during memory encoding and recall. This connectivity was independent of activation or suppression states in the hippocampus or parietal cortex. Crucially, directed connectivity from the supramarginal gyrus to the hippocampus was enhanced in participants with higher memory recall, highlighting its behavioral significance. Our findings align with the attention-to-memory model, which posits that attention directs cognitive resources toward pertinent information during memory formation. The robustness of these results was demonstrated through Bayesian replication analysis of the memory encoding and recall periods across the three tasks. Our study sheds light on the neural basis of casual signaling within hippocampus-parietal circuits, broadening our understanding of their critical roles in human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Cong P, Long Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Jiang Y. Elucidating the underlying components of metacognitive systematic bias in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11380. [PMID: 38762635 PMCID: PMC11102512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metacognitive systematic bias impairs human learning efficiency, which is characterized by the inconsistency between predicted and actual memory performance. However, the underlying mechanism of metacognitive systematic bias remains unclear in existing studies. In this study, we utilized judgments of learning task in human participants to compare the neural mechanism difference in metacognitive systematic bias. Participants encoded words in fMRI sessions that would be tested later. Immediately after encoding each item, participants predicted how likely they would remember it. Multivariate analyses on fMRI data demonstrated that working memory and uncertainty decisions are represented in patterns of neural activity in metacognitive systematic bias. The available information participants used led to overestimated bias and underestimated bias. Effective connectivity analyses further indicate that information about the metacognitive systematic bias is represented in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex. Different neural patterns were found underlying overestimated bias and underestimated bias. Specifically, connectivity regions with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and supramarginal gyrus form overestimated bias, while less regional connectivity forms underestimated bias. These findings provide a mechanistic account for the construction of metacognitive systematic bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Cong
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yiting Long
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
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Cocuzza A, Bertani G, Conte G, Aiello EN, Zarino B, Difonzo T, Zago S, Tariciotti L, Gendarini C, Baratelli E, Verde F, Poletti B, Ticozzi N, Pluderi M, Locatelli M, Comi GP, Saetti MC. Verbal learning in frontal patients: area 9 is critical for employing semantic strategies. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07569-7. [PMID: 38724753 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Learning is a long-term memory process heavily influenced by the control processes implemented by working memory, including recognition of semantic properties of items by which subjects generate a semantic structure of engrams. AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the verbal learning strategies of patients affected by a tumor in the left frontal lobe to highlight the role of area 9. METHOD Ten patients with frontal low-grade gliomas and ten healthy control subjects, matched for age, sex and education, were recruited and then evaluated with a two-part verbal learning test: multi-trial word list learning in free recall, and multi-trial word list learning preceded by an explicit semantic strategy cue. Frontal patients were divided into two groups: those either with frontal lesions involving or sparing area 9. RESULTS In comparison to healthy control subjects, frontal patients with lesions involving area 9 memorized fewer words and displayed difficulty in using semantic strategies. When the strategy was suggested by the examiner, their performance improved, but to a lesser extent than the healthy control. Conversely, frontal patients with lesions sparing area 9 showed similar results to healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION The results suggested that, while the identification of the categorical criterion requires the integrity of the entire dorsolateral prefrontal area, only area 9, and not the surrounding areas, could be responsible for the effective use of semantic strategies in learning tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cocuzza
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Bertani
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conte
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuroradiology Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Zarino
- Humanitas Psico Medical Care, MCH SRL, Via Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Difonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zago
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tariciotti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Gendarini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Baratelli
- Department of Neurology, G. Salvini Hospital, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Pluderi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Saetti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Zhang Y, Taft M, Tang J, Li L. Neural correlates of semantic-driven syntactic parsing in sentence comprehension. Neuroimage 2024; 289:120543. [PMID: 38369168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
For sentence comprehension, information carried by semantic relations between constituents must be combined with other information to decode the constituent structure of a sentence, due to atypical and noisy situations of language use. Neural correlates of decoding sentence structure by semantic information have remained largely unexplored. In this functional MRI study, we examine the neural basis of semantic-driven syntactic parsing during sentence reading and compare it with that of other types of syntactic parsing driven by word order and case marking. Chinese transitive sentences of various structures were investigated, differing in word order, case making, and agent-patient semantic relations (i.e., same vs. different in animacy). For the non-canonical unmarked sentences without usable case marking, a semantic-driven effect triggered by agent-patient ambiguity was found in the left inferior frontal gyrus opercularis (IFGoper) and left inferior parietal lobule, with the activity not being modulated by naturalness factors of the sentences. The comparison between each type of non-canonical sentences with canonical sentences revealed that the non-canonicity effect engaged the left posterior frontal and temporal regions, in line with previous studies. No extra neural activity was found responsive to case marking within the non-canonical sentences. A word order effect across all types of sentences was also found in the left IFGoper, suggesting a common neural substrate between different types of parsing. The semantic-driven effect was also observed for the non-canonical marked sentences but not for the canonical sentences, suggesting that semantic information is used in decoding sentence structure in addition to case marking. The current findings illustrate the neural correlates of syntactic parsing with semantics, and provide neural evidence of how semantics facilitates syntax together with other information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Center for the Cognitive Science and Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Marcus Taft
- Center for the Cognitive Science and Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Jiaman Tang
- Center for the Cognitive Science and Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Center for the Cognitive Science and Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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9
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Cattarinussi G, Pouya P, Grimaldi DA, Dini MZ, Sambataro F, Brambilla P, Delvecchio G. Cortical alterations in relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: A review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:234-243. [PMID: 37865341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by high heritability rates. Widespread brain cortical alterations have been reported in BD patients, mostly involving the frontal, temporal and parietal regions. Importantly, also unaffected relatives of BD patients (BD-RELs) present abnormalities in cortical measures, which are not influenced by disease-related factors, such as medication use and illness duration. Here, we collected all available evidence on cortical measures in BD-RELs to further our knowledge on the potential cortical alterations associated with the vulnerability and the resilience to BD. METHODS A search on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was performed to identify neuroimaging studies exploring cortical alterations in BD-RELs, including cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), gyrification (GI) and cortical complexity. Eleven studies were included. Of these, five assessed CT, five examined CT and SA and one explored CT, SA and GI. RESULTS Overall, a heterogeneous pattern of cortical alterations emerged. The areas more consistently linked with genetic liability for BD were the prefrontal and sensorimotor regions. Mixed evidence was reported in the temporal and cingulate areas. LIMITATIONS The small sample size and the heterogeneity in terms of methodologies and the characteristics of the participants limit the generalizability of our results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the genetic liability for BD is related to reduced CT in the prefrontal cortex, which might be a marker of risk for BD, and increased CT within the sensorimotor cortex, which could represent a marker of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Parnia Pouya
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahta Zare Dini
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Huang Y, Yan R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Sun H, Zhou H, Zou H, Xia Y, Yao Z, Shi J, Lu Q. Abnormal fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in major depressive disorder with non-suicidal self-injury. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 157:120-129. [PMID: 38101296 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) study to characterize changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo) or fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in young adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), with or without non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHODS We recruited 54 MDD patients with NSSI (MDD/NSSI), 68 MDD patients without NSSI, which is referred to as simple MDD (sMDD), and 66 matched healthy controls (HCs). A combination of fALFF and ReHo analyses was conducted. The effects of NSSI on the brain and their relationship to clinical variables were examined in this study. RESULTS MDD/NSSI patients have decreased fALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL), decreased ReHo in the right SFG and the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and the left middle occipital gyrus (MOG). fALFF and ReHo values of the right SFG are positively correlated. The ReHo values of the right SFG and the number of recent self-injuries are positively correlated; the fALFF values of the right SFG are negatively correlated with NSSI severity. CONCLUSIONS There is a difference in brain activity between MDD/NSSI and sMDD, which may serve as an important physiological marker to determine the risk of self-injury and suicide. SIGNIFICANCE Abnormal brain activity in patients with NSSI may provide new perspectives and significant implications on the severity of MDD patients and the prevention of self-injury and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haowen Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jiabo Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China.
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11
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Logie RH. Strategies, debates, and adversarial collaboration in working memory: The 51st Bartlett Lecture. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:2431-2460. [PMID: 37526243 PMCID: PMC10585951 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231194037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Frederic Bartlett championed the importance of individual strategy differences when remembering details of events. I will describe how long-running theoretical debates in the area of working memory may be resolved by considering differences across participants in the strategies that they use when performing cognitive tasks, and through adversarial collaboration between rival laboratories. In common with the established view within experimental cognitive psychology, I assume that adults have a range of cognitive functions, evolved for everyday life. However, I will present evidence showing that these functions can be engaged selectively for laboratory tasks, and that how they are deployed may differ between and within individuals for the same task. Reliance on aggregate data, while treating inter- and intra-participant variability in data patterns as statistical noise, may lead to misleading conclusions about theoretical principles of cognition, and of working memory in particular. Moreover, different theoretical perspectives may be focused on different levels of explanation and different theoretical goals rather than being mutually incompatible. Yet researchers from contrasting theoretical frameworks pursue science as a competition, rarely do researchers from competing labs work in collaboration, and debates self-perpetuate. These approaches to research can stall debate resolution and generate ever-increasing scientific diversity rather than scientific progress. The article concludes by describing a recent extended adversarial collaboration (the WoMAAC project) focused on theoretical contrasts in working memory, and illustrates how this approach to conducting research may help resolve scientific debate and facilitate scientific advance.
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12
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Xiong J, Zhu H, Li X, Hao S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xi Q. Auto-Classification of Parkinson's Disease with Different Motor Subtypes Using Arterial Spin Labelling MRI Based on Machine Learning. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1524. [PMID: 38002484 PMCID: PMC10670033 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to automatically classify different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) on arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) data using support vector machine (SVM). This study included 38 subjects: 21 PD patients and 17 normal controls (NCs). Based on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscores, patients were divided into the tremor-dominant (TD) subtype and the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype. The subjects were in a resting state during the acquisition of ASL-MRI data. The automated anatomical atlas 3 (AAL3) template was registered to obtain an ASL image of the same size and shape. We obtained the voxel values of 170 brain regions by considering the location coordinates of these regions and then normalized the data. The length of the feature vector depended on the number of voxel values in each brain region. Three binary classification models were utilized for classifying subjects' data, and we applied SVM to classify voxels in the brain regions. The left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC_sub_L) was clearly distinguished in both NCs and PD patients using SVM, and we obtained satisfactory diagnostic rates (accuracy = 92.31%, specificity = 96.97%, sensitivity = 84.21%, and AUCmax = 0.9585). For the right supramarginal gyrus (SupraMarginal_R), SVM distinguished the TD group from the other groups with satisfactory diagnostic rates (accuracy = 84.21%, sensitivity = 63.64%, specificity = 92.59%, and AUCmax = 0.9192). For the right intralaminar of thalamus (Thal_IL_R), SVM distinguished the PIGD group from the other groups with satisfactory diagnostic rates (accuracy = 89.47%, sensitivity = 70.00%, specificity = 6.43%, and AUCmax = 0.9464). These results are consistent with the changes in blood perfusion related to PD subtypes. In addition, the sensitive brain regions of the TD group and PIGD group involve the brain regions where the cerebellothalamocortical (CTC) and the striatal thalamocortical (STC) loops are located. Therefore, it is suggested that the blood perfusion patterns of the two loops may be different. These characteristic brain regions could become potential imaging markers of cerebral blood flow to distinguish TD from PIGD. Meanwhile, our findings provide an imaging basis for personalised treatment, thereby optimising clinical diagnostic and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China; (J.X.)
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389 Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xuhang Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang Area, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shangci Hao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China; (J.X.)
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China; (J.X.)
| | - Zijian Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang Area, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qian Xi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China; (J.X.)
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13
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Kornelsen J, McIver T, Uddin MN, Figley CR, Marrie RA, Patel R, Fisk JD, Carter S, Graff L, Mazerolle EL, Bernstein CN. Altered voxel-based and surface-based morphometry in inflammatory bowel disease. Brain Res Bull 2023; 203:110771. [PMID: 37797750 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is a disorder of the brain-gut axis. Neuroimaging studies of brain function and structure have helped better understand the relationships between the brain, gut, and comorbidity in IBD. Studies of brain structure have primarily employed voxel-based morphometry to measure grey matter volume and surface-based morphometry to measure cortical thickness. Far fewer studies have employed other surface-based morphometry metrics such as gyrification, cortical complexity, and sulcal depth. In this study, brain structure differences between 72 adults with IBD and 90 healthy controls were assessed using all five metrics. Significant differences were found for cortical thickness with the IBD group showing extensive left-lateralized thinning, and for cortical complexity with the IBD group showing greater complexity in the left fusiform and right posterior cingulate. No significant differences were found in grey matter volume, gyrification, or sulcal depth. Within the IBD group, a post hoc analysis identified that disease duration is associated with cortical complexity of the right supramarginal gyrus, albeit with a more lenient threshold applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kornelsen
- Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Theresa McIver
- Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Md Nasir Uddin
- Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hajim School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chase R Figley
- Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ronak Patel
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - John D Fisk
- Nova Scotia Health and Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sean Carter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lesley Graff
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Erin L Mazerolle
- Department of Psychology, Computer Science, and Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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14
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Pletzer B, Noachtar I, Hidalgo-Lopez E. Hormonal contraception & face processing: Examining face gender, androgenicity & treatment duration. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 154:106292. [PMID: 37210755 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional studies observed differences between users and non-users of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in both the structure and function of the fusiform face area (FFA) related to face processing. For the present study 120 female participants performed high-resolution structural, as well as functional scans at rest, during face encoding and face recognition. Participants were either never-users of COCs (26), current first-time users of androgenic (29) or anti-androgenic COCs (23) or previous users of androgenic (21) or anti-androgenic COCs (21). Results suggest that associations between COC-use and face processing are modulated by androgenicity, but do not persist beyond the duration of COC use. The majority of findings concern the connectivity of the left FFA to the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), which is a key region in cognitive empathy. While connectivity in anti-androgenic COC users differs from never users irrespective of the duration of COC use already at rest, connectivity in androgenic COC users decreases with longer duration of use during face recognition. Furthermore, longer duration of androgenic COC use was related to reduced identification accuracy, as well as increased connectivity of the left FFA to the right orbitofrontal cortex. Accordingly, the FFA and SMG emerge as promising ROIs for future randomized controlled trials on the effects of COC use on face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Pletzer
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Isabel Noachtar
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Esmeralda Hidalgo-Lopez
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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Kearney BE, Terpou BA, Densmore M, Shaw SB, Théberge J, Jetly R, McKinnon MC, Lanius RA. How the body remembers: Examining the default mode and sensorimotor networks during moral injury autobiographical memory retrieval in PTSD. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103426. [PMID: 37207593 PMCID: PMC10206209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural representations of sensory percepts and motor responses constitute key elements of autobiographical memory. However, these representations may remain as unintegrated sensory and motor fragments in traumatic memory, thus contributing toward re-experiencing and reliving symptoms in trauma-related conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we investigated the sensorimotor network (SMN) and posterior default mode network (pDMN) using a group independent component analysis (ICA) by examining their functional connectivity during a script-driven memory retrieval paradigm of (potentially) morally injurious events in individuals with PTSD and healthy controls. Moral injury (MI), where an individual acts or fails to act in a morally aligned manner, is examined given its inherent ties to disrupted motor planning and thus sensorimotor mechanisms. Our findings revealed significant differences in functional network connectivity across the SMN and pDMN during MI retrieval in participants with PTSD (n = 65) as compared to healthy controls (n = 25). No such significant group-wise differences emerged during retrieval of a neutral memory. PTSD-related alterations included hyperconnectivity between the SMN and pDMN, enhanced within-network connectivity of the SMN with premotor areas, and increased recruitment of the supramarginal gyrus into both the SMN and the pDMN during MI retrieval. In parallel with these neuroimaging findings, a positive correlation was found between PTSD severity and subjective re-experiencing intensity ratings after MI retrieval. These results suggest a neural basis for traumatic re-experiencing, where reliving and/or re-enacting a past morally injurious event in the form of sensory and motor fragments occurs in place of retrieving a complete, past-contextualized narrative as put forth by Brewin and colleagues (1996) and Conway and Pleydell-Pearce (2000). These findings have implications for bottom-up treatments targeting directly the sensory and motoric elements of traumatic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne E Kearney
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braeden A Terpou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saurabh B Shaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Gao Y, Guo X, Zhong Y, Liu X, Tian S, Deng J, Lin X, Bao Y, Lu L, Wang G. Decreased dorsal attention network homogeneity as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:136-142. [PMID: 36990286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaining insight into abnormal functional brain network homogeneity (NH) has the potential to aid efforts to target or otherwise study major depressive disorder (MDD). The NH of the dorsal attention network (DAN) in first-episode treatment-naive MDD patients, however, has yet to be studied. As such, the present study was developed to explore the NH of the DAN in order to determine the ability of this parameter to differentiate between MDD patients and healthy control (HC) individuals. METHODS This study included 73 patients with first-episode treatment-naive MDD and 73 age-, gender-, and educational level-matched healthy controls. All participants completed the attentional network test (ANT), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses. A group independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify the DAN and to compute the NH of the DAN in patients with MDD. Spearman's rank correlation analyses were used to explore relationships between significant NH abnormalities in MDD patients, clinical parameters, and executive control reaction time. RESULTS Relative to HCs, patients exhibited reduced NH in the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Support vector machine (SVM) analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the NH of the left SMG could be used to differentiate between HCs and MDD patients with respective accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and AUC values of 92.47 %, 91.78 %, 93.15 %, and 65.39 %. A significant positive correlation was observed between the left SMG NH values and HRSD scores among MDD patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NH changes in the DAN may offer value as a neuroimaging biomarker capable of differentiating between MDD patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiahui Deng
- Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanpin Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Krause CD, Fengler A, Pino D, Sehm B, Friederici AD, Obrig H. The role of left temporo-parietal and inferior frontal cortex in comprehending syntactically complex sentences: A brain stimulation study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 180:108465. [PMID: 36586718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Syntactic competence relies on a left-lateralized network converging on hubs in inferior-frontal and posterior-temporal cortices. We address the question whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over these hubs can modulate comprehension of sentences, whose syntactic complexity systematically varied along the factors embedding depths and canonicity. Semantic content and length of the sentences were kept identical and forced choice picture matching was required after the full sentence had been presented. METHODS We used a single-blind, within-subject, sham-controlled design, applying a-tDCS targeting left posterior tempo-parietal (TP) and left inferior frontal cortex (FC). Stimulation sites were determined by individual neuro-navigation. 20 participants were included of whom 19 entered the analysis. Results were analysed using (generalized) mixed models. In a pilot-experiment in another group of 20 participants we validated the manipulation of syntactic complexity by the two factors embedding depth and argument-order. RESULTS Reaction times increased and accuracy decreased with higher embedding depth and non-canonical argument order in both experiments. Notably a-tDCS over TP enhanced sentence-to-picture matching, while FC-stimulation showed no consistent effect. Moreover, the analysis disclosed a session effect, indicating improvements of task performance especially regarding speed. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the posterior 'hub' of the neuronal network affording syntactic analysis represents a 'bottleneck', likely due to working-memory capacity and the challenges of mapping semantic to syntactic information allowing for role assignment. While this does not challenge the role of left inferior-frontal cortex for syntax processing and novel-grammar learning, the application of highly established syntactic rules during sentence comprehension may be considered optimized, thus not augmentable by a-tDCS in the uncompromised network. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over left temporo-parietal cortex enhances comprehension of complex sentences in uncompromised young speakers. Since a-tDCS over left frontal cortex did not elicit any change, the 'bottleneck' for the understanding of complex sentences seems to be the posterior, temporo-parietal rather than the anterior inferior-frontal 'hub' of language processing. Regarding the attested role of inferior-frontal cortex in syntax processing, we suggest that its function is optimized in competent young speakers, preventing further enhancement by (facilitatory) tDCS. Results shed light on the functional anatomy of syntax processing during sentence comprehension; moreover, they open perspectives for research in the lesioned language network of people with syntactic deficits due to aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina D Krause
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology & Department of Neurology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Fengler
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology & Department of Neurology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Special and Inclusive Education, Speech and Language Pedagogy and Pathology, 06110 Halle, Germany
| | - Danièle Pino
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology & Department of Neurology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medicine Halle, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology & Department of Neurology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology & Department of Neurology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Ji T, Ren X, Long T, Li X, Mei L, Ge W, Zhang J, Wang S, Guo Y, Xu Z, Peng Y, Liu J, Tai J, Ni X. Aberrant Topological Properties of Brain Functional Network in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Derived from Resting-State fMRI. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:72-86. [PMID: 36258117 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To examine the difference in the topological properties of brain functional network between the children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and healthy controls, and to explore the relationships between these properties and cognitive scores of OSA children. Twenty-four OSA children (6.5 ± 2.8 years, 15 males) and 26 healthy controls (8.0 ± 2.9 years, 11 males) underwent resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), based on which brain functional networks were constructed. We compared the global and regional topological properties of the network between OSA children and healthy controls. Partial correlation analysis was performed between topological properties and cognitive scores across OSA children. When comparing the OSA children with the healthy controls, lower full-scale intelligent quotient (FIQ) and verbal intelligent quotient (VIQ) were observed. Additionally, nodal degree centrality decreased in the bilateral anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus, but increased in the right middle frontal gyrus, the left fusiform gyrus, and the left supramarginal gyrus. Nodal efficiency decreased in the right precentral gyrus, and the bilateral anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus, but increased in the left fusiform gyrus. Nodal betweenness centrality increased in the dorsolateral part of the right superior frontal gyrus, the left fusiform gyrus, and the left supramarginal gyrus. Further, the nodal degree centrality in the left supramarginal gyrus was positively correlated with FIQ. In contrast, none of global topological properties showed difference between those two groups. The outcomes of OSA may impaired the regional topological properties of the brain functional network of OSA children, which may be potential neural mechanism underlying the cognitive declines of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xuemin Ren
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ting Long
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wentong Ge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Shengcai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.,Department of Sleep Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Jiangang Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jun Tai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China. .,Department of Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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19
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Li J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Jiang Y, Ren Z, Liu D, Zhang J, La Piana R, Chen Y. Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:167. [PMID: 36470900 PMCID: PMC9723125 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into an akinetic-rigid (AR) and a tremor-dominant (TD) subtype based on predominant motor symptoms. Patients with different motor subtypes often show divergent clinical manifestations; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of PD. T1-weighted MRI images were obtained for 90 patients with PD (64 with the AR subtype and 26 with the TD subtype) and 56 healthy controls (HCs). Cortical surface area, sulcal depth (measured by Freesurfer's Sulc index), and subcortical volume were computed to identify the cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in the two motor subtypes. Compared with HCs, we found widespread surface area reductions in the AR subtype yet sparse surface area reductions in the TD subtype. We found no significant Sulc change in the AR subtype yet increased Sulc in the right supramarginal gyrus in the TD subtype. The hippocampal volumes in both subtypes were lower than those of HCs. In PD patients, the surface area of left posterior cingulate cortex was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, while the Sulc value of right middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with severity of motor impairments. Additionally, the hippocampal volumes were positively correlated with MMSE and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and negatively correlated with severity of motor impairments and Hoehn & Yahr scores. Taken together, these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the neural substrates underlying the distinct symptom profiles in the two PD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Li
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Zitong Huang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Daihong Liu
- grid.452285.cDepartment of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030 P. R. China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- grid.452285.cDepartment of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030 P. R. China
| | - Roberta La Piana
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Yifan Chen
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
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20
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Fan Y, Luo H. Reactivating ordinal position information from auditory sequence memory in human brains. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5924-5936. [PMID: 36460611 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Retaining a sequence of events in their order is a core ability of many cognitive functions, such as speech recognition, movement control, and episodic memory. Although content representations have been widely studied in working memory (WM), little is known about how ordinal position information of an auditory sequence is retained in the human brain as well as its coding characteristics. In fact, there is still a lack of an efficient approach to directly accessing the stored ordinal position code during WM retention. Here, 31 participants performed an auditory sequence WM task with their brain activities recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). We developed new triggering events that could successfully reactivate neural representations of ordinal position during the delay period. Importantly, the ordinal position reactivation is further related to recognition behavior, confirming its indexing of WM storage. Furthermore, the ordinal position code displays an intriguing “stable-dynamic” format, i.e. undergoing the same dynamic neutral trajectory in the multivariate neural space during both encoding and retention (whenever reactivated). Overall, our results provide an effective approach to accessing the behaviorally-relevant ordinal position information in auditory sequence WM and reveal its new temporal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Peking University School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
| | - Huan Luo
- Peking University School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
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21
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Wang H, Huang Y, Li M, Yang H, An J, Leng X, Xu D, Qiu S. Regional brain dysfunction in insomnia after ischemic stroke: A resting-state fMRI study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1025174. [PMID: 36504641 PMCID: PMC9733724 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1025174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the abnormality of local brain function in patients with post-stroke insomnia (PSI) based on fMRI and explore the possible neuropathological mechanisms of insomnia in patients with PSI in combination with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score and provide an objective evaluation index for the follow-up study of acupuncture treatment of PSI. Methods A total of 27 patients with insomnia after stroke were enrolled, and the PSQI was used to evaluate their sleep status. Twenty-seven healthy participants who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as controls. Resting-state brain function images and structural images of the two groups of participants were collected, and the abnormal changes in the regional brain function in patients with PSI were analyzed using three methods: regional homogeneity (ReHo), the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF), and a correlation analysis with the PSQI scale score. Results Compared with the HCs, the ReHo values of the PSI group in the bilateral lingual gyrus, right cuneus, right precentral and postcentral gyri were significantly lower, and the ReHo values of the left supramarginal gyrus were significantly higher. In the PSI group, the ALFF values in the bilateral lingual gyrus were significantly decreased, whereas those in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right limbic lobe, right precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, and left middle occipital gyrus were significantly increased. Compared with HCs, the fALFF values of the bilateral lingual gyrus, bilateral inferior occipital gyrus, and bilateral cuneus in the PSI group were significantly higher. The ReHo value of the left supramarginal gyrus in the PSI group was significantly negatively correlated with the total PSQI score. Conclusion Patients with PSI have abnormal local activities in multiple brain regions, including the visual processing-related cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and some default-mode network (DMN) regions. Over-arousal of the DMN and over-sensitivity of the audiovisual stimuli in patients with PSI may be the main mechanisms of insomnia and can lead to a decline in cognitive function and abnormalities in emotion regulation simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuo Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxuan Huang
- Rehabilitation and Nursing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhanjiang First Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Han Yang
- Rehabilitation and Nursing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie An
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Leng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danghan Xu
- Rehabilitation and Nursing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shijun Qiu
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22
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Digital computing through randomness and order in neural networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115335119. [PMID: 35947616 PMCID: PMC9388095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115335119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that coding and decoding in the brain are achieved through digital computation using three principles: relative ordinal coding of inputs, random connections between neurons, and belief voting. Due to randomization and despite the coarseness of the relative codes, we show that these principles are sufficient for coding and decoding sequences with error-free reconstruction. In particular, the number of neurons needed grows linearly with the size of the input repertoire growing exponentially. We illustrate our model by reconstructing sequences with repertoires on the order of a billion items. From this, we derive the Shannon equations for the capacity limit to learn and transfer information in the neural population, which is then generalized to any type of neural network. Following the maximum entropy principle of efficient coding, we show that random connections serve to decorrelate redundant information in incoming signals, creating more compact codes for neurons and therefore, conveying a larger amount of information. Henceforth, despite the unreliability of the relative codes, few neurons become necessary to discriminate the original signal without error. Finally, we discuss the significance of this digital computation model regarding neurobiological findings in the brain and more generally with artificial intelligence algorithms, with a view toward a neural information theory and the design of digital neural networks.
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23
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Clarkson BD, Karim HT, Chermansky CJ, Banihashemi L, Tyagi S, Griffiths DJ, Resnick NM. Changes in brain response to urgency before and after treatment of urgency urinary incontinence with onabotulinumtoxin A. Neurourol Urodyn 2022; 41:1703-1710. [PMID: 35904238 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To better understand the role of the brain in urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), we used onabotulinumtoxin A (BoNTA) as a probe to evaluate changes in the brain's response to urgency in successful and unsuccessful treatment. Because BoNTA acts peripherally, brain changes observed should represent a reaction to changes in bladder function caused by BoNTA, or changes in the brain's compensatory mechanisms, rather than a direct effect of BoNTA on the brain. METHODS We recruited 20 women aged over 60 years with nonneurogenic UUI who were to undergo treatment with onabotulinum A toxin injected intravesically. We performed a baseline evaluation which included a 3-day bladder diary and functional magnetic resonance imaging with an urgency provocation task; we repeated this evaluation 6 weeks posttreatment. We performed an analysis of variance on a priori selected regions of interest and post hoc voxel-wise analysis on responders and nonresponders to treatment. RESULTS We found a significant interaction in the right insula [F(1,18) = 5.5, p = 0.031]; activity was different during urgency provocation in responders and non-responders to therapy, before and after therapy. The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) also displayed significant interactions (p < 0.005). Activity in the periaqueductal gray and prefrontal cortex was correlated with number of leakage episodes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The changes seen in the brain control mechanism after therapy likely reflect reduced bladder sensation caused by BoNTA's peripheral action. We ascribe the SMG and IFG changes to a coping mechanism for urgency which is reduced in those who respond well to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky D Clarkson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helmet T Karim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Layla Banihashemi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shachi Tyagi
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek J Griffiths
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil M Resnick
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Pan N, Wang S, Qin K, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lai H, Suo X, Long Y, Yu Y, Ji S, Radua J, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Common and Distinct Neural Patterns of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Multimodal Functional and Structural Meta-analysis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022:S2451-9022(22)00147-1. [PMID: 35714858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) have partially overlapping symptom profiles and are highly comorbid in adults. However, whether the behavioral similarities correspond to shared neurobiological substrates is not known. METHODS An overlapping meta-analysis of 58 ADHD and 66 BPD whole-brain articles incorporating observations from 3401 adult patients and 3238 healthy participants was performed by seed-based d mapping. Brain maps were subjected to meta-analytic connectivity modeling and data-driven functional decoding analyses to identify associated neural circuit alterations and relations to behavioral dimensions. RESULTS Both groups exhibited hypoactivated abnormalities in the left inferior parietal lobule, and altered clusters of the bilateral superior temporal gyrus were disjunctive in ADHD and BPD. No overlapping structural abnormalities were found. Multimodal alterations of ADHD were located in the right putamen and of BPD in the left orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS The transdiagnostic neural bases of ADHD and BPD in temporoparietal circuitry may underlie overlapping problems of behavioral control, while disorder-specific substrates in frontostriatal circuitry may account for their distinguishing features in motor and emotion domains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Long
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Ji
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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Siestrup S, Jainta B, El-Sourani N, Trempler I, Wurm MF, Wolf OT, Cheng S, Schubotz RI. What Happened When? Cerebral Processing of Modified Structure and Content in Episodic Cueing. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1287-1305. [PMID: 35552744 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memories are not static but can change on the basis of new experiences, potentially allowing us to make valid predictions in the face of an ever-changing environment. Recent research has identified prediction errors during memory retrieval as a possible trigger for such changes. In this study, we used modified episodic cues to investigate whether different types of mnemonic prediction errors modulate brain activity and subsequent memory performance. Participants encoded episodes that consisted of short toy stories. During a subsequent fMRI session, participants were presented videos showing the original episodes, or slightly modified versions thereof. In modified videos, either the order of two subsequent action steps was changed or an object was exchanged for another. Content modifications recruited parietal, temporo-occipital, and parahippocampal areas reflecting the processing of the new object information. In contrast, structure modifications elicited activation in right dorsal premotor, posterior temporal, and parietal areas, reflecting the processing of new sequence information. In a post-fMRI memory test, the participants' tendency to accept modified episodes as originally encoded increased significantly when they had been presented modified versions already during the fMRI session. After experiencing modifications, especially those of the episodes' structure, the recognition of originally encoded episodes was impaired as well. Our study sheds light onto the neural processing of different types of episodic prediction errors and their influence on subsequent memory recall.
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26
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Cristoforetti G, Majerus S, Sahan MI, van Dijck JP, Fias W. Neural Patterns in Parietal Cortex and Hippocampus Distinguish Retrieval of Start versus End Positions in Working Memory. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1230-1245. [PMID: 35556132 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coding serial order of information is a fundamental ability of our cognitive system, and still, little is known about its neural substrate. This study examined the neural substrates involved in the retrieval of information that is serially stored in verbal working memory task using a sensitive multivariate analysis approach. We compared neural activity for memorized items stemming from the beginning versus the end of a memory list assessing the degree of neural pattern discordance between order positions (beginning vs. end). The present results confirmed and refined the role of the intraparietal sulcus in the processing of serial order information in working memory. An important finding is that the hippocampus showed sensitivity to serial order information. Our results indicate that the representation of serial order information relies on a broader set of neural areas and highlight the role of the intraparietal sulcus and the hippocampus, in addition to the supramarginal gyrus and the SMA. The contribution of different neural regions might reflect the involvement of distinct levels of serial order coding (i.e., spatial, attentional, temporal) that support the representation of serial order information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Majerus
- Université de Liège, Belgium.,Fund for Scientific Research FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Yang Z, Sheng X, Qin R, Chen H, Shao P, Xu H, Yao W, Zhao H, Xu Y, Bai F. Cognitive Improvement via Left Angular Gyrus-Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inducing the Neuroplasticity of Thalamic System in Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:537-551. [PMID: 35068464 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Stimulating superficial brain regions highly associated with the hippocampus by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve memory of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum patients. Objective: We recruited 16 amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 6 AD patients in the study. All the patients were stimulated to the left angular gyrus, which was confirmed a strong link to the hippocampus through neuroimaging studies, by the neuro-navigated rTMS for four weeks. Methods: Automated fiber quantification using diffusion tensor imaging metrics and graph theory analysis on functional network were employed to detect the neuroplasticity of brain networks. Results: After neuro-navigated rTMS intervention, the episodic memory of aMCI patients and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of two groups were significantly improved. Increased FA values of right anterior thalamic radiation among aMCI patients, while decreased functional network properties of thalamus subregions were observed, whereas similar changes not found in AD patients. It is worth noting that the improvement of cognition was associated with the neuroplasticity of thalamic system. Conclusion: We speculated that the rTMS intervention targeting left angular gyrus may be served as a strategy to improve cognitive impairment at the early stage of AD patients, supporting by the neuroplasticity of thalamic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoning Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruomeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weina Yao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
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Yue Q, Martin RC. Components of language processing and their long-term and working memory storage in the brain. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 187:109-126. [PMID: 35964966 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a consensus that the temporal lobes are involved in representing various types of information critical for language processing, including phonological (i.e., speech sound), semantic (meaning), and orthographic (spelling) representations. An important question is whether the same regions that represent our long-term knowledge of phonology, semantics, and orthography are used to support the maintenance of these types of information in working memory (WM) (for instance, maintaining semantic information during sentence comprehension), or whether regions outside the temporal lobes provide the neural basis for WM maintenance in these domains. This review focuses on the issue of whether temporal lobe regions support WM for phonological information, with a brief discussion of related findings in the semantic and orthographic domains. Across all three domains, evidence from lesion-symptom mapping and functional neuroimaging indicates that parietal or frontal regions are critical for supporting WM, with different regions supporting WM in the three domains. The distinct regions in different domains argue against these regions as playing a general attentional role. The findings imply an interaction between the temporal lobe regions housing the long-term memory representations in these domains and the frontal and parietal regions needed to maintain these representations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhai Yue
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Randi C Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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Context dependent differences in working memory related brain activity in heavy cannabis users. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1373-1385. [PMID: 34448889 PMCID: PMC9110519 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compromised cognitive control in cannabis use-tempting situations is thought to play a key role in the development of cannabis use disorders. However, little is known about how exposure to cannabis cues and contexts may influence cognitive control and the underlying neural mechanisms in cannabis users. OBJECTIVES Working memory (WM) is an attention reliant executive function central to cognitive control. In this study, we investigated how distracting cannabis words affected WM load-dependent performance and related brain activity in near-daily cannabis users (N = 36) relative to controls (N = 33). METHODS Brain activity was recorded during a novel N-back flanker WM task with neutral and cannabis flankers added as task-irrelevant distractors. RESULTS On a behavioural level, WM performance did not differ between groups, and the presence of cannabis flankers did not affect performance. However, in cannabis users compared to controls, the presence of cannabis flankers reduced WM load-related activity in multiple regions, including the insula, thalamus, superior parietal lobe and supramarginal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS The group specificity of these effects suggest that cannabis users might differ from controls in the way they process cannabis-related cues and that cannabis cue exposure could interfere with other cognitive processes under cognitively demanding circumstances. Future studies should focus on the role of context in cognitive control-related processes like WM and attention to further elucidate potential cognitive impairments in heavy cannabis users and how these relate to loss of control over drug seeking itself.
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30
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The distinct contribution of verbal and visuospatial short-term memory abilities to arithmetic development. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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White PA. The extended present: an informational context for perception. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 220:103403. [PMID: 34454251 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several previous authors have proposed a kind of specious or subjective present moment that covers a few seconds of recent information. This article proposes a new hypothesis about the subjective present, renamed the extended present, defined not in terms of time covered but as a thematically connected information structure held in working memory and in transiently accessible form in long-term memory. The three key features of the extended present are that information in it is thematically connected, both internally and to current attended perceptual input, it is organised in a hierarchical structure, and all information in it is marked with temporal information, specifically ordinal and duration information. Temporal boundaries to the information structure are determined by hierarchical structure processing and by limits on processing and storage capacity. Supporting evidence for the importance of hierarchical structure analysis is found in the domains of music perception, speech and language processing, perception and production of goal-directed action, and exact arithmetical calculation. Temporal information marking is also discussed and a possible mechanism for representing ordinal and duration information on the time scale of the extended present is proposed. It is hypothesised that the extended present functions primarily as an informational context for making sense of current perceptual input, and as an enabler for perception and generation of complex structures and operations in language, action, music, exact calculation, and other domains.
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Wei Q, Cao S, Ji Y, Zhang J, Chen C, Wang X, Tian Y, Qiu B, Wang K. Altered Functional Connectivity Patterns of Parietal Subregions Contribute to Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:659-669. [PMID: 34569947 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are considered as one of the core neuroimaging findings of cerebral small vessel disease and independently associated with cognitive deficit. The parietal lobe is a heterogeneous area containing many subregions and play an important role in the processes of neurocognition. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between parietal subregions alterations and cognitive impairments in WHMs. METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analyses of parietal subregions were performed in 104 right-handed WMHs patients divided into mild (n = 39), moderate (n = 37), and severe WMHs (n = 28) groups according to the Fazekas scale and 36 healthy controls. Parietal subregions were defined using tractographic Human Brainnetome Atlas and included five subregions for superior parietal lobe, six subregions for inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and three subregions for precuneus. All participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery to evaluate emotional and general cognitive functions. RESULTS Differences existed between the rs-FC strength of IPL_R_6_2 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus, IPL_R_6_3 with the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and the IPL_R_6_5 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus. The connectivity strength between IPL_R_6_3 and the left anterior cingulate gyrus were correlated with AVLT-immediate and AVLT-recognition test in WMHs. CONCLUSION We explored the roles of parietal subregions in WMHs using rs-FC. The functional connectivity of parietal subregions with the cortex regions showed significant differences between the patients with WMHs and healthy controls which may be associated with cognitive deficits in WMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
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He S, Duan R, Liu Z, Zhang C, Li T, Wei Y, Ma N, Wang R. Altered functional connectivity is related to impaired cognition in left unilateral asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis patients. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:350. [PMID: 34517833 PMCID: PMC8436468 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (aCAS) impairs haemodynamic and cognitive functions; however, the relationship between these changes and brain network connectivity remains largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between functional connectivity and neurocognition in patients with aCAS. Methods We compared functional status in 14 patients with aCAS and 15 healthy controls using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. The subjects underwent a full range of neuropsychological tests and a graphical theoretical analysis of their brain networks. Results Compared with controls, patients with aCAS showed significant decline in neuropsychological functions, particularly short-term memory (word-memory, p = .046 and picture-memory, p = .014). Brain network connectivity was lower in patients with aCAS than in the controls, and the decline of functional connectivity in aCAS patients was mainly concentrated in the left and right inferior frontal gyri, temporal lobe, left cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus. Decreased connectivity between various brain regions was significantly correlated with impaired short-term memory. Patients with aCAS showed cognitive impairment independent of known vascular risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment. The cognitive defects were mainly manifested in the short-term memory of words and pictures. Conclusions This study is the first of its kind to identify an association between disruption of functional connections in left carotid stenosis and impairment of short-term memory. The findings suggest that alterations in network connectivity may be an essential mechanism underlying cognitive decline in aCAS patients. Clinical trial registration-URL Unique identifier: 04/06/2019, ChiCTR1900023610. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02385-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanchang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Kowialiewski B, Lemaire B, Majerus S, Portrat S. Can activated long-term memory maintain serial order information? Psychon Bull Rev 2021; 28:1301-1312. [PMID: 33765248 PMCID: PMC8367891 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of serial order information is a core component of working memory (WM). Many theoretical models assume the existence of specific serial order mechanisms. Those are considered to be independent from the linguistic system supporting maintenance of item information. This is based on studies showing that psycholinguistic factors strongly affect the ability to maintain item information, while leaving order recall relatively unaffected. Recent language-based accounts suggest, however, that the linguistic system could provide mechanisms that are sufficient for serial order maintenance. A strong version of these accounts postulates serial order maintenance as emerging from the pattern of activation occurring in the linguistic system. In the present study, we tested this assumption via a computational modeling approach by implementing a purely activation-based architecture. We tested this architecture against several experiments involving the manipulation of semantic relatedness, a psycholinguistic variable that has been shown to interact with serial order processing in a complex manner. We show that this activation-based architecture struggles to account for interactions between semantic knowledge and serial order processing. This study fails to support activated long-term memory as an exclusive mechanism supporting serial order maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kowialiewski
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland.
- University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Université Grenoble Alpes, Bâtiment Michel Dubois prev. BSHM, 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38400, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | | | - Steve Majerus
- University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research - F.R.S.-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Portrat
- Fund for Scientific Research - F.R.S.-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
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Disrupted communication of the temporoparietal junction in patients with major depressive disorder. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1276-1296. [PMID: 34100255 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) suffer impairment in the transmission and integration of internal and external information sources. Accumulating evidence suggests that the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is important for multiple cognitive and social functions and may act as a key node for the integration of internal and external information. Therefore, the TPJ's aberrant interaction mechanism may underpin MDD psychopathology. To answer this question, we conducted a comprehensive study using resting-state functional magnetic imaging data recorded from 74 patients with MDD and 69 normal controls. First, we examined whether TPJ was the most prominent region with altered functional/effective connectivity with multiple depression-related regions/networks, based on either zero-lag correlations or temporal mutual information (total interdependence and Granger causality) measurements. Accordingly, we derived a network model that depicts alterations of TPJ-connectivity in patients with MDD. Lastly, we performed a cross-approach comparison demonstrating more conducive indicators in delineating the network alteration model. Functional/effective connectivity between the TPJ and major functional networks that govern internal and external-driven information resources was attenuated in patients with MDD. TPJ acts like a key node for information-inflow and integration of multiple information streams. Therefore, dysfunctional connectivity indicators may serve as effective biomarkers for MDD. MDD is associated with the breakdown of the TPJ interaction model and its connections with the default mode network and the task-positive network.
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Zhang X, Cao X, Xue C, Zheng J, Zhang S, Huang Q, Liu W. Aberrant functional connectivity and activity in Parkinson's disease and comorbidity with depression based on radiomic analysis. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02103. [PMID: 33694328 PMCID: PMC8119873 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) comorbidity with depression (DPD) largely depends on clinical evaluation. However, the modality may tend to lack precision in detecting PD with depression. A radiomic approach that combines functional connectivity and activity with clinical scores has the potential to achieve accurate and differential diagnosis between PD and DPD. METHODS In this study, we aimed to employ the radiomic approach to extract large-scale features of functional connectivity and activity for differentiating among DPD, PD with no depression (NDPD), and healthy controls (HC). We extracted 6,557 features of five types from all subjects including clinical characteristics, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Lasso, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) were implemented for feature selection and dimension reduction based on the training sets, and the prediction performance for different methods in the testing sets was compared. RESULTS The results showed that nineteen features were selected for the group of DPD versus HC, 34 features were selected for the group of NDPD versus HC, and 17 features were retained for the group of DPD versus NDPD. In the testing sets, Lasso prediction achieved the accuracies of 0.95, 0.96, and 0.85 for distinguishing between DPD and HC, NDPD and HC, and DPD and NDPD, respectively. Random forest achieved the accuracies of 0.90, 0.82, and 0.90 for distinguishing between DPD and HC, NDPD and HC, and DPD and NDPD, respectively, while SVM yielded the accuracies of 1, 0.86 and 0.65 for distinguishing between DPD and HC, NDPD and HC, and DPD and NDPD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS By identifying aberrant functional connectivity and activity as potential biomarkers, the radiomic approach facilitates a deeper understanding and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of DPD to support the clinical diagnosis with high prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Qingling Huang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Syrjälä J, Basti A, Guidotti R, Marzetti L, Pizzella V. Decoding working memory task condition using magnetoencephalography source level long-range phase coupling patterns. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:016027. [PMID: 33624612 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abcefe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to identify phase coupling patterns that are shared across subjects via a machine learning approach that utilises source space magnetoencephalography (MEG) phase coupling data from a working memory (WM) task. Indeed, phase coupling of neural oscillations is putatively a key factor for communication between distant brain areas and is therefore crucial in performing cognitive tasks, including WM. Previous studies investigating phase coupling during cognitive tasks have often focused on a few a priori selected brain areas or a specific frequency band, and the need for data-driven approaches has been recognised. Machine learning techniques have emerged as valuable tools for the analysis of neuroimaging data since they catch fine-grained differences in the multivariate signal distribution. Here, we expect that these techniques applied to MEG phase couplings can reveal WM-related processes that are shared across individuals. APPROACH We analysed WM data collected as part of the Human Connectome Project. The MEG data were collected while subjects (n = 83) performed N-back WM tasks in two different conditions, namely 2-back (WM condition) and 0-back (control condition). We estimated phase coupling patterns (multivariate phase slope index) for both conditions and for theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands. The obtained phase coupling data were then used to train a linear support vector machine in order to classify which task condition the subject was performing with an across-subject cross-validation approach. The classification was performed separately based on the data from individual frequency bands and with all bands combined (multiband). Finally, we evaluated the relative importance of the different features (phase couplings) for classification by the means of feature selection probability. MAIN RESULTS The WM condition and control condition were successfully classified based on the phase coupling patterns in the theta (62% accuracy) and alpha bands (60% accuracy) separately. Importantly, the multiband classification showed that phase coupling patterns not only in the theta and alpha but also in the gamma bands are related to WM processing, as testified by improvement in classification performance (71%). SIGNIFICANCE Our study successfully decoded WM tasks using MEG source space functional connectivity. Our approach, combining across-subject classification and a multidimensional metric recently developed by our group, is able to detect patterns of connectivity that are shared across individuals. In other words, the results are generalisable to new individuals and allow meaningful interpretation of task-relevant phase coupling patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Syrjälä
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'Gabriele d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66013, Italy
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Velioglu HA, Hanoglu L, Bayraktaroglu Z, Toprak G, Guler EM, Bektay MY, Mutlu-Burnaz O, Yulug B. Left lateral parietal rTMS improves cognition and modulates resting brain connectivity in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Possible role of BDNF and oxidative stress. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 180:107410. [PMID: 33610772 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique which is increasingly used for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although rTMS has been shown to modify Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress levels in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, there is still no study evaluating the relationship between memory performance, BDNF, oxidative stress, and resting brain connectivity following rTMS in Alzheimer's patients. Furthermore, there are increasing clinical data showing that the stimulation of strategic brain regions may lead to more robust improvements in memory functions compared to conventional rTMS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible disease-modifying effects of rTMS on the lateral parietal cortex in AD patients who have the highest connectivity with the hippocampus. To fill the mentioned research gaps, we have evaluated the relationships between resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), cognitive scores, blood BDNF levels, and total oxidative/antioxidant status to explain the therapeutic and potential disease-modifying effects of rTMS which has been applied at 20 Hz frequencies for two weeks. Our results showed significantly increased visual recognition memory functions and clock drawing test scores which were associated with elevated peripheral BDNF levels, and decreased oxidant status after two weeks of left lateral parietal TMS stimulation. Clinically our findings suggest that the left parietal region targeted rTMS application leads to significant improvement in familiarity-based cognition associated with the network connections between the left parietal region and the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Istanbul Medipol University, Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Istanbul Medipol University, Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Bayraktaroglu
- Istanbul Medipol University, Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Toprak
- Istanbul Medipol University, Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Guler
- University of Health Sciences Hamidiye School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey; University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune Health Application and Research Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yunus Bektay
- Bezmialem Vakif University School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Mutlu-Burnaz
- Istanbul Medipol University, Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yulug
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey.
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Yue Q, Martin RC. Maintaining verbal short-term memory representations in non-perceptual parietal regions. Cortex 2021; 138:72-89. [PMID: 33677329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Buffer accounts of verbal short-term memory (STM) assume dedicated buffers for maintaining different types of information (e.g., phonological, visual) whereas embedded processes accounts argue against the existence of buffers and claim that STM consists of the activated portion of long-term memory (LTM). We addressed this debate by determining whether STM recruits the same neural substrate as LTM, or whether additional regions are involved in short-term storage. Using fMRI with representational similarity analysis (RSA), we examined the representational correspondence of multi-voxel neural activation patterns with the theoretical predictions for the maintenance of both phonological and semantic codes in STM. We found that during the delay period of a phonological STM task, phonological representations could be decoded in the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) but not the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a speech processing region, for word stimuli. Whereas the pattern in the SMG was specific to phonology, a different region in the left angular gyrus showed RSA decoding evidence for the retention of either phonological or semantic codes, depending on the task context. Taken together, the results provide clear support for a dedicated buffer account of phonological STM, although evidence for a semantic buffer is equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhai Yue
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Randi C Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Cross-modal involvement of the primary somatosensory cortex in visual working memory: A repetitive TMS study. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 175:107325. [PMID: 33059033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), once thought to be a low-level area only modality-specific, is also involved in higher-level, cross-modal, cognitive functions. In particular, electrophysiological studies have highlighted that the cross-modal activation of this area may also extend to visual Working Memory (WM), being part of a mnemonic network specific for the temporary storage and manipulation of visual information concerning bodies and body-related actions. However, the causal recruitment of S1 in the WM network remains speculation. In the present study, by taking advantage of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), we look for causal evidence that S1 is implicated in the retention of visual stimuli that are salient for this cortical area. To this purpose, in a first experiment, high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS was delivered over S1 of the right hemisphere, and over two control sites, the right lateral occipital cortex (LOC) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), during the maintenance phase of a high-load delayed match-to-sample task in which body-related visual stimuli (non-symbolic hand gestures) have to be retained. In a second experiment, the specificity of S1 recruitment was deepened by using a version of the delayed match-to-sample task in which visual stimuli depict geometrical shapes (non-body related stimuli). Results show that rTMS perturbation of S1 activity leads to an enhancement of participants' performance that is selective for body-related visual stimuli; instead, the stimulation of the right LOC and dlPFC does not affect the temporary storage of body-related visual stimuli. These findings suggest that S1 may be recruited in visual WM when information to store (and recall) is salient for this area, corroborating models which suggest the existence of a dedicated mnemonic system for body-related information in which also somatosensory cortices play a key role, likely thanks to their cross-modal (visuo-tactile) properties.
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Schwering SC, MacDonald MC. Verbal Working Memory as Emergent from Language Comprehension and Production. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:68. [PMID: 32226368 PMCID: PMC7081770 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews current models of verbal working memory and considers the role of language comprehension and long-term memory in the ability to maintain and order verbal information for short periods of time. While all models of verbal working memory posit some interaction with long-term memory, few have considered the character of these long-term representations or how they might affect performance on verbal working memory tasks. Similarly, few models have considered how comprehension processes and production processes might affect performance in verbal working memory tasks. Modern theories of comprehension emphasize that people learn a vast web of correlated information about the language and the world and must activate that information from long-term memory to cope with the demands of language input. To date, there has been little consideration in theories of verbal working memory for how this rich input from comprehension would affect the nature of temporary memory. There has also been relatively little attention to the degree to which language production processes naturally manage serial order of verbal information. The authors argue for an emergent model of verbal working memory supported by a rich, distributed long-term memory for language. On this view, comprehension processes provide encoding in verbal working memory tasks, and production processes maintenance, serial ordering, and recall. Moreover, the computational capacity to maintain and order information varies with language experience. Implications for theories of working memory, comprehension, and production are considered.
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Primary motor cortex and phonological recoding: A TMS-EMG study. Neuropsychologia 2020; 139:107368. [PMID: 32014451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, evidence from healthy participants and brain-damaged patients, neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation studies has specified the neurofunctional architecture of the short-term memory (STM) system, supporting the temporary retention of a limited amount of verbal material. Auditory-verbal, later termed Phonological (Ph) STM or Phonological Loop, comprises two sub-components: i) the main storage system, the Phonological Short-Term Store (PhSTS), to which auditory verbal stimuli have direct access and where phonologically coded information is retained for a few seconds; ii) a Rehearsal Process (REH), which actively maintains the trace held in the PhSTS, preventing its decay and conveys visual verbal material to the PhSTS, after the process of Phonological Recoding (PhREC, or Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion) has taken place. PhREC converts visuo-verbal graphemic representations into phonological ones. The neural correlates of PhSTM include two discrete regions in the left hemisphere: the temporo-parietal junction (PhSTS) and the inferior frontal gyrus in the premotor cortex (REH). The neural basis of PhREC has been much less investigated. A few single case studies of patients made anarthric by focal or degenerative cortical damage, who show a pattern of impairment indicative of a deficit of PhREC, sparing the REH process, suggest that the primary motor cortex (M1) might be involved. To test this hypothesis in healthy participants with a neurophysiological approach, we measured the corticospinal excitability of M1, by means of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)-induced Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs), during the execution of phonological judgements on auditorily vs. visually presented words (Experiment #1). Crucially, these phonological tasks involve REH, while PhREC is required only with visual presentation. Results show MEPs with larger amplitude when stimuli are presented visually. Task difficulty does not account for this difference and the result is specific for linguistic stimuli, indeed visual and auditory stimuli that cannot be verbalized lead to different behavioral and neurophysiological patterns (Experiment #2). The increase of corticospinal excitability when words are presented visually can be then interpreted as an indication of the involvement of M1 in PhREC. The present findings elucidate the neural correlates of PhREC, suggesting an involvement of the peripheral motor system in its activity.
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Ahmed-Popova F, Sivkov S, Topolov M, Beshkov A. An fMRI Study of Adult Brain Cortical Activation Following Intensive Learning. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:115. [PMID: 32194456 PMCID: PMC7063975 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional imaging techniques, fMRI in particular, has given the possibility to investigate non-invasively the cognitive processes in healthy populations and different disorders concerning neuro-psychiatry, thus unfolding the concepts guiding diagnosis and patient management. Different brain structures seem to support different types of cognitive functions in particular learning and memory thus the neurobiological explanation of the retrieval of information is associated with knowledge of brain plasticity, memory circuits, synaptic neurotransmission and the modulation of glial cells. Consistent with fMRI investigations of memory systems we tested the dependability of a memory paradigm using heterogeneous memory stimuli in order to find the neurobiological basis that correlates with memory task performance. Our study resulted with statistical significant differences in brain activations across the block design contrasts in both occipital and temporal regions in 29 mentally healthy students during a memory paradigm performance after intensive learning. As functional magnetic resonance imaging has become an important and reliable tool for investigation of brain anatomy and its function in health and disease, it becomes clear that further research of neurobiological basis of cognitive and memory domains can clarify different diagnostic prototypes and thus explain the human brain impairments in neuropsychological patients, since these are characterized by various cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferihan Ahmed-Popova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Sivkov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariyan Topolov
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Asen Beshkov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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