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Onikanni SA, Lawal B, Oyinloye BE, Ajiboye BO, Ulziijargal S, Wang CH, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Mitochondrial defects in pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic applications. Life Sci 2022; 312:121247. [PMID: 36450327 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria malfunction is linked to the development of β-cell failure and a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Pancreatic β-cells are normally configured to detect glucose and other food secretagogues in order to adjust insulin exocytosis and maintain glucose homeostasis. As a result of the increased glucose level, mitochondria metabolites and nucleotides are produced, which operate in concert with cytosolic Ca2+ to stimulate insulin secretion. Furthermore, mitochondria are the primary generators of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis regulation. Mitochondria are concentrated in synapses, and any substantial changes in synaptic mitochondria location, shape, quantity, or function might cause oxidative stress, resulting in faulty synaptic transmission, a symptom of various degenerative disorders at an early stage. However, a greater understanding of the role of mitochondria in the etiology of β-cell dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorder should pave the way for a more effective approach to addressing these health issues. This review looks at the widespread occurrence of mitochondria depletion in humans, and its significance to mitochondria biogenesis in signaling and mitophagy. Proper understanding of the processes might be extremely beneficial in ameliorating the rising worries about mitochondria biogenesis and triggering mitophagy to remove depleted mitochondria, therefore reducing disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Amos Onikanni
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Bashir Lawal
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria; Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Sukhbat Ulziijargal
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Meng X, Chen XZ, Sun JY, Zhang Y, Jiang LS, Wang J. Exploring the Oxidative Stress Regulation of Mice with Hyperglycemia by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS4. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:319. [PMID: 36121514 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS4 (L. plantarum SCS4) on oxidative stress in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic mice. After establishment of the hyperglycemic model, control group mice were gavaged daily with phosphate-buffered saline, while different experimental groups (AG, BG, and CG) mice were gavaged with L. plantarum SCS4 suspension, cellular inclusion suspension, and inactivated inclusion suspension for 10 weeks, respectively. Compared with the model group (MG) group, the results showed that fasting blood glucose levels in BG and CG groups decreased, and postprandial 2-h blood glucose levels in BG groups decreased, whereas glucose tolerance improved. Meanwhile, ROS and MDA levels in serum of AG mice were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the MG group, serum levels of GPx, HO-1, and NQO1 were increased in the BG group, whereas serum levels of CAT, HO-1, and GSH were increased in the CG group. Our results indicate that L. plantarum SCS4 can alleviate oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia, and there may be synergistic effects among the different treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li-Shi Jiang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Effect of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit pulp powder on antioxidant and proinflammatory genes in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1663-1674. [PMID: 34900818 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency or dysfunction. The imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants known as oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and complications associated with DM. Chrysophyllum albidum is a seasonal fruit found to be rich in natural antioxidants. Methods DM was induced by high-fat diet dietary supplementation for 14 days followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Thirty-five experimental rats were then divided into seven groups viz.: non-diabetic control; diabetic control; metformin; diabetic and non-diabetic fed with 5 and 10% C. albidum fruit pulp powder (CAFPP). Fasting blood glucose was done with an automatic auto-analyzer and weights were monitored at three-day intervals. The expressions of Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GST, TNF-α, DPP4, and insulin were investigated using RT-PCR. Schrödinger suites was used for docking of C. albidum phytocompounds with insulin. Results Diabetic rats fed with CAFPP for thirteen days have their blood glucose lowered significantly (p < 0.05) and gained weight compared to diabetic control. CAFPP significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated Nrf2, CAT, GST, SOD, and insulin genes expression in the diabetic group relative to diabetic control with concomitant down-regulation of TNF-α and DPP4 genes expression. Molecular docking of compounds previously characterized from C. albidum revealed that they are potent ligands of insulin receptors. Conclusion The study revealed that CAFPP could be effective in the management of DM-related oxidative stress by up-regulating antioxidant and down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes expression. It also positively modulates genes associated with glucose metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00921-0.
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DhHP-6 ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus through the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathway. Biochem J 2020; 477:2363-2381. [PMID: 32510127 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one major features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Deuterohemin-βAla-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys (DhHP-6), a novel microperoxidase mimetic designed and synthesized based on microperoxidase 11 (MP-11), can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. In our previous studies, we showed that oral DhHP-6 could reduce blood glucose and improve insulin resistance. To investigate the mechanisms of how DhHP-6 ameliorates oxidative stress and insulin resistance, we established T2DM mouse models and glucosamine-induced HepG2 cell insulin resistance models. The results suggested that DhHP-6 decreased blood glucose, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibited glycogen synthesis in T2DM mice. In addition, DhHP-6 improved insulin resistance by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in T2DM mice. Furthermore, DhHP-6 also activated PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathway in glucosamine-induced HepG2 cells. However, LY294002 did not completely inhibit AKT phosphorylation, and partially inhibited AMPK phosphorylation, whilst compound C only partially reduced AMPK phosphorylation, and also partially inhibited AKT phosphorylation, suggesting that AKT and AMPK interact to improve insulin resistance. Thus, these data suggest that DhHP-6 attenuates insulin resistance via the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathway.
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Approaching reactive species in the frame of their clinical significance: A toxicological appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111206. [PMID: 32113950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox biology and toxicology are interrelated fields that have produced valuable evidence regarding the role and clinical significance of reactive species. These issues are analyzed herein by presenting 6 arguments, as follows: Argument 1: There is no direct connection of redox-related pathologies with specific reactive species; Argument 2: The measurement of reactive species concentration is a major challenge due to their very short half lives; Argument 3: There is an interplay between reactive species generation and fundamental biological processes, such as energy metabolism; Argument 4: Reactive species exert beneficial biological action; Argument 5: Reactive species follow the hormesis phenomenon; Argument 6: Oxidative modifications of redox-related molecules are not necessarily interpreted as oxidative damage. We conclude that reactive species do not seem to exert clinical significance, which means that they lack a measurable cause-effect relation with chronic diseases. Unpredictable results could, nevertheless, arise through novel experimental setups applied in the field of toxicology. These are related to the real-life exposure scenario via the regimen of long-term low-dose (far below NOAEL) exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics and can potentially offer perspectives in order to investigate in depth whether or not reactive species can be introduced as clinically significant redox biomarkers.
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Fountoucidou P, Veskoukis AS, Kerasioti E, Docea AO, Taitzoglou IA, Liesivuori J, Tsatsakis A, Kouretas D. A mixture of routinely encountered xenobiotics induces both redox adaptations and perturbations in blood and tissues of rats after a long-term low-dose exposure regimen: The time and dose issue. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:24-44. [PMID: 31541690 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of humans to xenobiotic mixtures is a continuous state during their everyday routine. However, the majority of toxicological studies assess the in vivo effects of individual substances rather than mixtures. Therefore, our main objective was to evaluate the impact of the 12- and 18-month exposure of rats to a mixture containing 13 pesticides, food, and life-style additives in three dosage levels (i.e. 0.0025 × NOAEL, 0.01 × NOAEL, and 0.05 × NOAEL), on redox biomarkers in blood and tissues. Our results indicate that the exposure to the mixture induces physiological adaptations by enhancing the blood antioxidant mechanism (i.e., increased glutathione, catalase and total antioxidant capacity and decreased protein carbonyls and TBARS) at 12 months of exposure. On the contrary, exposure to the 0.05 × NOAEL dose for 18 months induces significant perturbations in blood and tissue redox profile (i.e., increased carbonyls and TBARS). This study simulates a scenario of real-life risk exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics through a long-term low-dose administration regimen in rats. The results obtained could support, at least in part, the necessity of introducing testing of combined stimuli at reference doses and long term for the evaluation of the risk from exposure to chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Fountoucidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Ioannis A Taitzoglou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Cao X, Liu D, Xia Y, Cai T, He Y, Liu J. A novel polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes mycelia protects MIN6 cells against high glucose-induced damage via the MAPKs and Nrf2 pathways. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1598. [PMID: 31217790 PMCID: PMC6560380 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread diseases in the world, high glucose can damage islet cells, it is important to discover new natural products to inhibit high glucose damage. The protective effects and mechanisms of a novel Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide (LMP) against damage induced by high glucose in MIN6 cells were explored. Methods Cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated under 40 mM glucose with or without LMP for 48 h. Cell signaling pathway analysis was performed to investigate the possible mechanisms of the protective effects of LMP in MIN6 cells. Results The results showed that LMP could increase cell viability and the activity of SOD, decrease the reactive oxygen species ( ROS) production, and reduce the MDA content and LDH release in high glucose-induced MIN6 cells. Moreover, LMP prevented high glucose-induced apoptosis by decreasing the expression of Bax and the activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3. Cell signaling pathway analysis showed that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and JNK pathways were inhibited and the Nrf2 pathway was activated after treated with LMP. Conclusion The protective effects of LMP against MIN6 cells damage induced by high glucose might rely on the regulation of the MAPK and Nrf2 pathways. These results indicated that LMP had great potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Cao
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Xia
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tiange Cai
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin He
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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New insights into nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factors in toxicology and pharmacology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 367:33-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carmean CM, Yokoi N, Takahashi H, Oduori OS, Kang C, Kanagawa A, Kirkley AG, Han G, Landeche M, Hidaka S, Katoh M, Sargis RM, Seino S. Arsenic modifies serotonin metabolism through glucuronidation in pancreatic β-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E464-E474. [PMID: 30562058 PMCID: PMC6459295 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00302.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In arsenic-endemic regions of the world, arsenic exposure correlates with diabetes mellitus. Multiple animal models of inorganic arsenic (iAs, as As3+) exposure have revealed that iAs-induced glucose intolerance manifests as a result of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. To define the mechanisms responsible for this β-cell defect, the MIN6-K8 mouse β-cell line was exposed to environmentally relevant doses of iAs. Exposure to 0.1-1 µM iAs for 3 days significantly decreased glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS). Serotonin and its precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), were both decreased. Supplementation with 5-HTP, which loads the system with bioavailable 5-HTP and serotonin, rescued GIIS, suggesting that recovery of this pathway was sufficient to restore function. Exposure to iAs was accompanied by an increase in mRNA expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide a6a (Ugt1a6a), a phase-II detoxification enzyme that facilitates the disposal of cyclic amines, including serotonin, via glucuronidation. Elevated Ugt1a6a and UGT1A6 expression levels were observed in mouse and human islets, respectively, following 3 days of iAs exposure. Consistent with this finding, the enzymatic rate of serotonin glucuronidation was increased in iAs-exposed cells. Knockdown by siRNA of Ugt1a6a during iAs exposure restored GIIS in MIN6-K8 cells. This effect was prevented by blockade of serotonin biosynthesis, suggesting that the observed iAs-induced increase in Ugt1a6a affects GIIS by targeting serotonin or serotonin-related metabolites. Although it is not yet clear exactly which element(s) of the serotonin pathway is/are most responsible for iAs-induced GIIS dysfunction, this study provides evidence that UGT1A6A, acting on the serotonin pathway, regulates GIIS under both normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Carmean
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
| | - Norihide Yokoi
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute , Kobe , Japan
| | - Harumi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute , Kobe , Japan
| | - Okechi S Oduori
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
| | - Christie Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akiko Kanagawa
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
| | - Andrew G Kirkley
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guirong Han
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute , Kobe , Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe , Japan
| | - Michael Landeche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shihomi Hidaka
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
| | - Miki Katoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute , Kobe , Japan
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Carmean CM, Seino S. Braving the Element: Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Adaptation in Response to Arsenic Exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31258514 PMCID: PMC6587364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious global health problem, currently affecting an estimated 451 million people worldwide. T2DM is characterized by hyperglycemia and low insulin relative to the metabolic demand. The precise contributing factors for a given individual vary, but generally include a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion. Ultimately, the progression to diabetes occurs only after β-cells fail to meet the needs of the individual. The stresses placed upon β-cells in this context manifest as increased oxidative damage, local inflammation, and ER stress, often inciting a destructive spiral of β-cell death, increased metabolic stress due to further insufficiency, and additional β-cell death. Several pathways controlling insulin resistance and β-cell adaptation/survival are affected by a class of exogenous bioactive compounds deemed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Epidemiological studies have shown that, in several regions throughout the world, exposure to the EDC inorganic arsenic (iAs) correlates significantly with T2DM. It has been proposed that a lifetime of exposure to iAs may exacerbate problems with both insulin sensitivity as well as β-cell function/survival, promoting the development of T2DM. This review focuses on the mechanisms of iAs action as they relate to known adaptive and maladaptive pathways in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Carmean
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher M. Carmean
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Susumu Seino
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Matzinger M, Fischhuber K, Heiss EH. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by natural products-can it alleviate diabetes? Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1738-1767. [PMID: 29289692 PMCID: PMC5967606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached pandemic proportions and effective prevention strategies are wanted. Its onset is accompanied by cellular distress, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor boosting cytoprotective responses, and many phytochemicals activate Nrf2 signaling. Thus, Nrf2 activation by natural products could presumably alleviate DM. We summarize function, regulation and exogenous activation of Nrf2, as well as diabetes-linked and Nrf2-susceptible forms of cellular stress. The reported amelioration of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and diabetic complications by activated Nrf2 as well as the status quo of Nrf2 in precision medicine for DM are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Matzinger
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischhuber
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Xu W, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Li B, Liu J, Wang P, Wu H, Liu Q, Wei Z, Xiao H, Wang Z. Dose-dependent target diversion of Danhong injection on the Glu-GLT-1/Gly-GlyRα dynamic balance module of cerebral ischemia. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:80-88. [PMID: 30031913 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Function-oriented modular structure analysis is a great challenge in module-based pharmacological studies. A strategy to uncover target-target interaction (TTI) and dynamic balance regularity (DBR) was established to discover the structural factors influencing modular functions and explore the mechanism of Danhong injection (DHI) in treating cerebral ischemia. The dose-related metabolic features of DHI intervention were investigated using metabolomics and modular pharmacology. The findings indicated that Glu/Gly was a biomarker and Glu-GLT-1/Gly-GlyRα was the core unit regulated by DHI. Gly and Glu displayed opposite patterns and functional roles, representing intra-modular balance. GlyRα was identified as the upstream target and GLT-1 as the downstream target by inhibiting or activating GlyRα, indicating that DHI has two dose-dependent regulatory modes. GlyRα was the major target at low doses, while GLT-1 was activated as the dominant target as doses accumulated. Our study reveals that target-target interaction and dynamic balance regularity are the key factors influencing modular functions, which is a promising breakthrough for module-based pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Medical Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ziyi Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Medical Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Medical Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Activating or Inhibiting Nrf2? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:953-955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fu J, Cui Q, Yang B, Hou Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang D, Zhang Q, Pi J. The impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells caused by prolonged glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity is associated with elevated adaptive antioxidant response. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:161-167. [PMID: 28027979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia and is frequently accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Deterioration of β-cell function in T2D patients may be caused, in part, by long-term exposure to high concentrations of glucose and/or lipids. We developed systems to study how chronic glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity might be linked to the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) machinery in pancreatic β-cells. INS-1 (832/13) were exposed to glucose and/or palmitate for up to 10 weeks. Chronic high glucose and/or palmitate exposure resulted in impaired GSIS accompanied by a dramatic increase in oxidative stress, as determined by basal intracellular peroxide levels. In addition, the GSIS-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals, assessed as glucose-stimulated peroxide accumulation positively correlated with GSIS in glucose- and/or palmitate-exposed cells, as well as glucose-stimulated reductions in GSH/GSSG ratios. Furthermore, the impairment of GSIS caused by chronic high glucose and/or palmitate exposures were attributed to the induction of adaptive antioxidant response and mitochondrial uncoupling, which negatively regulates glucose-derived ROS generation. Taken together, persistent glucotoxicity- and/or lipotoxicity-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent adaptive antioxidant response impair glucose-derived ROS signaling and GSIS in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Qi Cui
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Difei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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