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Plaza-Díaz J, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Ruiz-Marín CM, Reina-Pérez I, Pérez-Alonso AJ, Sánchez-Andujar MB, Torné P, Gallart-Aragón T, Sánchez-Barrón MT, Reyes Lartategui S, García F, Chueca N, Moreno-Delgado A, Torres-Martínez K, Sáez-Lara MJ, Robles-Sánchez C, Fernández MF, Fontana L. Association of breast and gut microbiota dysbiosis and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control clinical study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:495. [PMID: 31126257 PMCID: PMC6534876 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer ranks first in women, and is the second cause of death in this gender. In addition to genetics, the environment contributes to the development of the disease, although the factors involved are not well known. Among the latter is the influence of microorganisms and, therefore, attention is recently being paid to the mammary microbiota. We hypothesize that the risk of breast cancer could be associated with the composition and functionality of the mammary/gut microbiota, and that exposure to environmental contaminants (endocrine disruptors, EDCs) might contribute to alter these microbiota. METHODS We describe a case-control clinical study that will be performed in women between 25 and 70 years of age. Cases will be women diagnosed and surgically intervened of breast cancer (stages I and II). Women with antecedents of cancer or advanced tumor stage (metastasis), or who have received antibiotic treatment within a period of 3 months prior to recruitment, or any neoadjuvant therapy, will be excluded. Controls will be women surgically intervened of breast augmentation or reduction. Women with oncological, gynecological or endocrine history, and those who have received antibiotic treatment within a period of 3 months prior to recruitment will also be excluded. Blood, urine, breast tissue and stool samples will be collected. Data regarding anthropometric, sociodemographic, reproductive history, tumor features and dietary habits will be gathered. Metabolomic studies will be carried out in stool and breast tissue samples. Metagenomic studies will also be performed in stool and breast tissue samples to ascertain the viral, fungal, bacterial and archaea populations of the microbiota. Quantitation of estrogens, estrogen metabolites and EDCs in samples of serum, urine and breast tissue will also be performed. DISCUSSION This is the first time that the contribution of bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi together with their alteration by environmental contaminants to the risk of breast cancer will be evaluated in the same study. Results obtained could contribute to elucidate risk factors, improve the prognosis, as well as to propose novel intervention studies in this disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03885648 , 03/25/2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen M Ruiz-Marín
- Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, University Hospital of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Iris Reina-Pérez
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Pérez-Alonso
- Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, University Hospital of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Torné
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, University Hospital Campus de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Tania Gallart-Aragón
- Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, University Hospital Campus de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Saturnino Reyes Lartategui
- Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, University Hospital Campus de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Campus de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Chueca
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Campus de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - María José Sáez-Lara
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cándido Robles-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Mariana F. Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory 207, Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Fontana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Chen Y, McCommis KS, Ferguson D, Hall AM, Harris CA, Finck BN. Inhibition of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier by Tolylfluanid. Endocrinology 2018; 159:609-621. [PMID: 29126303 PMCID: PMC5774852 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have suggested that compounds known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can promote obesity by serving as ligands for nuclear receptors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizers, which act as ligands for PPARγ, also interact with and regulate the activity of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). We evaluated whether several EDCs might also affect MPC activity. Most of the EDCs evaluated did not acutely affect pyruvate metabolism. However, the putative endocrine disruptors tributyltin (TBT) and tolylfluanid (TF) acutely and markedly suppressed pyruvate metabolism in isolated mitochondria. Using mitochondria isolated from brown adipose tissue in mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of the MPC2 protein, we determined that the effect of TF on pyruvate metabolism required MPC2, whereas TBT did not. We attempted to determine whether the obesogenic effects of TF might involve MPC2 in adipose tissue. However, we were unable to replicate the published effects of TF on weight gain and adipose tissue gene expression in wild-type or fat-specific MPC2 knockout mice. Treatment with TF modestly enhanced adipogenic gene expression in vitro but had no effect on GR activation or phosphorylation in cultured cells. These data suggest that TF may affect mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism via the MPC complex but also call into question whether this compound affects GR activity and is obesogenic in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Angela M Hall
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles A Harris
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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