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Szczepanek J, Skorupa M, Jarkiewicz-Tretyn J, Tretyn A. COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers: Long-term benefits and protection. Cent Eur J Immunol 2024; 48:311-321. [PMID: 38558566 PMCID: PMC10976651 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.134250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers by analyzing the population's response to the vaccine after two years, based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein S antibody levels. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the impact of basic factors on antibody levels. Material and methods A total of 4,090 healthcare workers were included in the study, and their antibody levels were measured using ELISA to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG). Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the influence of COVID-19 infection, vaccination status, and number of vaccine doses on antibody concentrations. Results and Conclusion The majority of participants (85.1%) received the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, while a smaller percentage chose vector vaccines such as AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson. The incidence of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals was relatively low for all vaccines, confirming their effectiveness in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study observed variations in IgG antibody levels within the study population, with only 0.46% of individuals testing negative for the presence of antibodies. The average anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG values showed significant differences across consecutive 3-month periods following infection or vaccination, with a gradual decrease over time. Notably, the most significant changes in antibody levels were observed within the first 6 months (mean values ranged from 3647.11 BAU/ml to 2601.49 BAU/ml). Subsequently, minor fluctuations were observed, with mean antibody values hovering around 2000 BAU/ml. The differences between average anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG values between consecutive 3-month periods from disease onset were statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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2
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Oladipo EK, Akindiya OE, Oluwasanya GJ, Akanbi GM, Olufemi SE, Adediran DA, Bamigboye FO, Aremu RO, Kolapo KT, Oluwasegun JA, Awobiyi HO, Jimah EM, Irewolede BA, Folakanmi EO, Olubodun OA, Akintibubo SA, Odunlami FD, Ojo TO, Akinro OP, Hezikiah OS, Olayinka AT, Abiala GA, Idowu AF, Ogunniran JA, Ikuomola MO, Adegoke HM, Idowu UA, Olaniyan OP, Bamigboye OO, Akinde SB, Babalola MO. Bioinformatics analysis of structural protein to approach a vaccine candidate against Vibrio cholerae infection. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:99-114. [PMID: 36459183 PMCID: PMC9716527 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The bacteria Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, an acute diarrheal infection that can lead to dehydration and even death. Over 100,000 people die each year as a result of epidemic diseases; vaccination has emerged as a successful strategy for combating cholera. This study uses bioinformatics tools to create a multi-epitope vaccine against cholera infection using five structural polyproteins from the V. cholerae (CTB, TCPA, TCPF, OMPU, and OMPW). The antigenic retrieved protein sequence were analyzed using BCPred and IEDB bioinformatics tools to predict B cell and T cell epitopes, respectively, which were then linked with flexible linkers together with an adjuvant to boost it immunogenicity. The construct has a theoretical PI of 6.09, a molecular weight of 53.85 kDa, and an estimated half-life for mammalian reticulocytes in vitro of 4.4 h. These results demonstrate the construct's longevity. The vaccine design was docked against the human toll-like receptor (TLR) to evaluate compatibility and effectiveness; also other additional post-vaccination assessments were carried out on the designed vaccine. Through in silico cloning, its expression was determined. The results show that it has a CAI value of 0.1 and GC contents of 58.97% which established the adequate expression and downstream processing of the vaccine construct, and our research demonstrated that the multi-epitope subunit vaccine exhibits antigenic characteristics. Additionally, we carried out an in silico immunological simulation to examine the immune reaction to an injection. Our results strongly suggest that the vaccine candidate on further validation would induce immune response against the V. cholerae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Kolawole Oladipo
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Immunology, Adeleke University, Osun State, P.M.B 250, Ede, Nigeria.
| | - Olawumi Elizabeth Akindiya
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okiti-Pupa, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Gideon Mayowa Akanbi
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Microbiology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Seun Elijah Olufemi
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Adewole Adediran
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Jerry Ayobami Oluwasegun
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Oluwatoyin Folakanmi
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Microbiology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Odunola Abimbola Olubodun
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Adebowale Akintibubo
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Microbiology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Foluso Daniel Odunlami
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Ooreoluwa Ojo
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Omodamola Paulina Akinro
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Microbiology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Samuel Hezikiah
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adenike Titilayo Olayinka
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Asegunloluwa Abiala
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Akindele Felix Idowu
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - James Akinwunmi Ogunniran
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mary Omotoyinbo Ikuomola
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Hadijat Motunrayo Adegoke
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Laboratory of Computational and Biophysical Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Usman Abiodun Idowu
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Microbiology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Paul Olaniyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494, Oke-BaaleOsogbo, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunday Babatunde Akinde
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494, Oke-BaaleOsogbo, Nigeria
| | - Musa Oladayo Babalola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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3
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Poland GA. The human immune response to vaccines is symphonic, polyphonic, homophonic, and megaphonic. Vaccine 2022; 40:6189-6191. [PMID: 36163091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, 200 First Street, SW, Guggenheim 611B, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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4
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Vaccines and Immunoinformatics for Vaccine Design. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1368:95-110. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8969-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinomic approaches for effective design. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC DESIGNING TO MITIGATE SARS-COV-2 INFECTION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9300457 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91172-6.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of mutagenic strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) worst hit the world which already suffered from the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for 2 years. Due to recent advances in vaccinomics, many vaccine candidates are available but their efficacy against a mutant version of SARS-CoV-2 has remained uncertain. The immune-informatics-based reverse vaccinomic approaches have shown promising investigations recently for the development of cost-effective vaccinomics candidates in a very short period of time. The strategic vaccine development of selected epitopes using artificial intelligence for both B- and T-cells is a very crucial step in this process. This approach provides a highly effective and immunogenic vaccine that offers immunological safety against autoimmunity and other adverse effects over ethnicities, pregnant women, and vulnerable age groups. Several researchers have developed effective vaccine candidates using computational vaccinology and the immune-informatics approach. In this process, a unique peptide sequence of viral proteins such as Nucleocapsid, spike, envelope protein was identified by various in silico tools which are acting as immunological epitopes against TLRs, T-cells, and B-cells. While the conventional immunological vaccine studies take years for vaccine candidature, the immunoinformatics approach is a time-efficient way for the next generation research to study host-pathogen interactions and vaccine development. It is also cost-effective and leads to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and immunological response. Owing to the advantage of immunoinformatics-based vaccine approaches the present chapter aimed to discuss vaccine development using immunoinformatics approaches. Besides, the current challenges and future aspects have also been discussed herewith.
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6
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Abstract
The design for vaccines using in silico analysis of genomic data of different viruses has taken many different paths, but lack of any precise computational approach has constrained them to alignment methods and some alignment-free techniques. In this work, a precise computational approach has been established wherein two new mathematical parameters have been suggested to identify the highly conserved and surface-exposed regions which are spread over a large region of the surface protein of the virus so that one can determine possible peptide vaccine candidates from those regions. The first parameter, w, is the sum of the normalized values of the measure of surface accessibility and the normalized measure of conservativeness, and the second parameter is the area of a triangle formed by a mathematical model named 2D Polygon Representation. This method has been, therefore, used to determine possible vaccine targets against SARS-CoV-2 by considering its surface-situated spike glycoprotein. The results of this model have been verified by a parallel analysis using the older approach of manually estimating the graphs describing the variation of conservativeness and surface-exposure across the protein sequence. Furthermore, the working of the method has been tested by applying it to find out peptide vaccine candidates for Zika and Hendra viruses respectively. A satisfactory consistency of the model results with pre-established results for both the test cases shows that this in silico alignment-free analysis proposed by the model is suitable not only to determine vaccine targets against SARS-CoV-2 but also ready to extend against other viruses.
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7
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Poland CM, Matthews AKS, Poland GA. Improving COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: Including insights from human decision-making under conditions of uncertainty and human-centered design. Vaccine 2021; 39:1547-1550. [PMID: 33612343 PMCID: PMC7875011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Poland
- Poland and Associates Consulting, 10401 N Meridian St, Suite 450, Indianapolis, IN 46290, United States
| | - Allison K S Matthews
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester MN, 55905, United States.
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8
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Manna S, Dey S, Biswas S, Nandy A, Basak SC. Current Perspective of Zika Virus and Vaccine Development. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2020; 000:1-9. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Connell AR, Connell J, Leahy TR, Hassan J. Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations-Is It Time to Re-assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines? Front Immunol 2020; 11:2089. [PMID: 33072071 PMCID: PMC7531022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
History illustrates the remarkable public health impact of mass vaccination, by dramatically improving life expectancy and reducing the burden of infectious diseases and co-morbidities worldwide. It has been perceived that if an individual adhered to the MMR vaccine schedule that immunity to mumps virus (MuV) would be lifelong. Recent mumps outbreaks in individuals who had received two doses of the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine has challenged the efficacy of the MMR vaccine. However, clinical symptoms, complications, viral shedding and transmission associated with mumps infection has been shown to be reduced in vaccinated individuals, demonstrating a benefit of this vaccine. Therefore, the question of what constitutes a good mumps vaccine and how its impact is assessed in this modern era remains to be addressed. Epidemiology of the individuals most affected by the outbreaks (predominantly young adults) and variance in the circulating MuV genotype have been well-described alluding to a collection of influences such as vaccine hesitancy, heterogeneous vaccine uptake, primary, and/or secondary vaccine failures. This review aims to discuss in detail the interplay of factors thought to be contributing to the current mumps outbreaks seen in highly vaccinated populations. In addition, how mumps diagnoses has progressed and impacted the understanding of mumps infection since a mumps vaccine was first developed, the limitations of current laboratory tests in confirming protection in vaccinated individuals and how vaccine effectiveness is quantified are also considered. By highlighting knowledge gaps within this area, this state-of-the-art review proposes a change of perspective regarding the impact of a vaccine in a highly vaccinated population from a clinical, diagnostic and public perspective, highlighting a need for a paradigm shift on what is considered vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Connell
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeff Connell
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Ronan Leahy
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jaythoon Hassan
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Determinants of Vaccination Uptake in Risk Populations: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030480. [PMID: 32867126 PMCID: PMC7563537 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination uptake has decreased globally in recent years, with a subsequent rise of vaccine-preventable diseases. Travellers, immunocompromised patients (ICP), and healthcare workers (HCW) are groups at increased risk for (severe) infectious diseases due to their behaviour, health, or occupation, respectively. While targeted vaccination guidelines are available, vaccination uptake seems low. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of determinants-based on the integrated change model-predicting vaccination uptake in these groups. In travellers, low perceived risk of infection and low awareness of vaccination recommendations contributed to low uptake. Additionally, ICP were often unaware of the recommended vaccinations. A physician's recommendation is strongly correlated with higher uptake. Furthermore, ICP appeared to be mainly concerned about the risks of vaccination and fear of deterioration of their underlying disease. For HCW, perceived risk of (the severity of) infection for themselves and for their patients together with perceived benefits of vaccination contribute most to their vaccination behaviour. As the determinants that affect uptake are numerous and diverse, we argue that future studies and interventions should be based on multifactorial health behaviour models, especially for travellers and ICP as only a limited number of such studies is available yet.
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Abstract
With the increasing frequency of viral epidemics, vaccines to augment the human immune response system have been the medium of choice to combat viral infections. The tragic consequences of the Zika virus pandemic in South and Central America a few years ago brought the issues into sharper focus. While traditional vaccine development is time-consuming and expensive, recent advances in information technology, immunoinformatics, genetics, bioinformatics, and related sciences have opened the doors to new paradigms in vaccine design and applications.Peptide vaccines are one group of the new approaches to vaccine formulation. In this chapter, we discuss the various issues involved in the design of peptide vaccines and their advantages and shortcomings, with special reference to the Zika virus for which no drugs or vaccines are as yet available. In the process, we outline our work in this field giving a detailed step-by-step description of the protocol we follow for such vaccine design so that interested researchers can easily follow them and do their own designing. Several flowcharts and figures are included to provide a background of the software to be used and results to be anticipated.
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12
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Oli AN, Obialor WO, Ifeanyichukwu MO, Odimegwu DC, Okoyeh JN, Emechebe GO, Adejumo SA, Ibeanu GC. Immunoinformatics and Vaccine Development: An Overview. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:13-30. [PMID: 32161726 PMCID: PMC7049754 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s241064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of vaccines have resulted in a remarkable improvement in global health. It has saved several lives, reduced treatment costs and raised the quality of animal and human lives. Current traditional vaccines came empirically with either vague or completely no knowledge of how they modulate our immune system. Even at the face of potential vaccine design advance, immune-related concerns (as seen with specific vulnerable populations, cases of emerging/re-emerging infectious disease, pathogens with complex lifecycle and antigenic variability, need for personalized vaccinations, and concerns for vaccines' immunological safety -specifically vaccine likelihood to trigger non-antigen-specific responses that may cause autoimmunity and vaccine allergy) are being raised. And these concerns have driven immunologists toward research for a better approach to vaccine design that will consider these challenges. Currently, immunoinformatics has paved the way for a better understanding of some infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, immune system response and computational vaccinology. The importance of this immunoinformatics in the study of infectious diseases is diverse in terms of computational approaches used, but is united by common qualities related to host–pathogen relationship. Bioinformatics methods are also used to assign functions to uncharacterized genes which can be targeted as a candidate in vaccine design and can be a better approach toward the inclusion of women that are pregnant into vaccine trials and programs. The essence of this review is to give insight into the need to focus on novel computational, experimental and computation-driven experimental approaches for studying of host–pathogen interactions and thus making a case for its use in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Wilson Okechukwu Obialor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Martins Ositadimma Ifeanyichukwu
- Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science,Faculty of Health Science and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Damian Chukwu Odimegwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh
- Department of Biology and Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Arts and Sciences, Neumann University, Aston, PA 19014-1298, USA
| | - George Ogonna Emechebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Samson Adedeji Adejumo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Gordon C Ibeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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13
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Kanduc D, Shoenfeld Y. Human Papillomavirus Epitope Mimicry and Autoimmunity: The Molecular Truth of Peptide Sharing. Pathobiology 2019; 86:285-295. [PMID: 31593963 DOI: 10.1159/000502889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the cross-reactivity potential and the consequent autoimmunity intrinsic to viral versus human peptide sharing. METHODS Using human papillomavirus (HPV) infection/active immunization as a research model, the experimentally validated HPV L1 epitopes catalogued at the Immune Epitope DataBase were analyzed for peptide sharing with the human proteome. RESULTS The final data show that the totality of the immunoreactive HPV L1 epi-topes is mostly composed by peptides present in human proteins. CONCLUSIONS Immunologically, the high extent of peptide sharing between the HPV L1 epitopes and human proteins invites to revise the concept of the negative selection of self-reactive lymphocytes. Pathologically, the data highlight a cross-reactive potential for a spectrum of autoimmune diseases that includes ovarian failure, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), breast cancer and sudden death, among others. Therapeutically, analyzing already validated immunoreactive epitopes filters out the peptide sharing possibly exempt of self-reactivity, defines the effective potential for pathologic autoimmunity, and allows singling out peptide epitopes for safe immunotherapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel-Aviv, University School of Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian, Federation, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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14
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Bae JM. Introduction of Vaccinomics to Develop Personalized Vaccines in Light of Changes in the Usage of Hantaan Virus Vaccine (Hantavax®) in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:277-280. [PMID: 31588696 PMCID: PMC6780290 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea made an official announcement in March 2018 that the total number of inoculations of Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax®) would change from 3 to 4. Some aspects of this decision remain controversial. Based on the characteristics of Hantaan virus (HTNV) and its role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, it might be difficult to develop an effective and safe HTNV vaccine through the isolate-inactivate-inject paradigm. With the development of high-throughput ‘omics’ technologies in the 21st century, vaccinomics has been introduced. While the goal of vaccinomics is to develop equations to describe and predict the immune response, it could also serve as a tool for developing new vaccine candidates and individualized approaches to vaccinology. Thus, the possibility of applying the innovative field of vaccinomics to develop a more effective and safer HTNV vaccine should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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15
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Alexyuk PG, Bogoyavlenskiy AP, Alexyuk MS, Turmagambetova AS, Zaitseva IA, Omirtaeva ES, Berezin VE. Adjuvant activity of multimolecular complexes based on Glycyrrhiza glabra saponins, lipids, and influenza virus glycoproteins. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1793-1803. [PMID: 31079211 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that immunostimulatory complexes containing Quil-A saponin and various antigens are effective in stimulating the immune response and can be used as vaccine preparations for animals and humans. However, Quil-A saponin possesses toxicity and haemolytic activity. In the present work, a saponin-containing preparation named "Glabilox" was isolated from the roots of a Glycyrrhiza glabra L. plant by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that Glabilox has no toxicity or haemolytic activity and can form stable immunostimulatory complexes. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with an immunostimulating complex containing Glabilox and H7N1 influenza virus antigens stimulated high levels of humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccination of chickens with the same immunostimulating complex protected 100% of the animals after experimental infection with a homologous virus. Comparative studies showed that the immunogenic and protective activity of immunostimulatory complexes containing Quil-A and immunostimulatory complexes containing Glabilox are comparable to each other. The results of these studies indicated that Glycyrrhiza glabra saponins show great promise as safe and effective adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Alexyuk
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, 105, Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan.
| | - A P Bogoyavlenskiy
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, 105, Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - M S Alexyuk
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, 105, Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - A S Turmagambetova
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, 105, Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - I A Zaitseva
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, 105, Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - E S Omirtaeva
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, 105, Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - V E Berezin
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, 105, Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
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16
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Nandy A, Dey S, Roy P, Basak SC. Epidemics and Peptide Vaccine Response: A Brief Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 18:2202-2208. [PMID: 30417788 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666181112144745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We briefly review the situations arising out of epidemics that erupt rather suddenly, threatening life and livelihoods of humans. Ebola, Zika and the Nipah virus outbreaks are recent examples where the viral epidemics have led to considerably high degree of fatalities or debilitating consequences. The problems are accentuated by a lack of drugs or vaccines effective against the new and emergent viruses, and the inordinate amount of temporal and financial resources that are required to combat the novel pathogens. Progress in computational, biological and informational sciences have made it possible to consider design of synthetic vaccines that can be rapidly developed and deployed to help stem the damages. In this review, we consider the pros and cons of this new paradigm and suggest a new system where the manufacturing process can be decentralized to provide more targeted vaccines to meet the urgent needs of protection in case of a rampaging epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Nandy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, 404B Jodhpur Park, Kolkata 700068, India
| | - Sumanta Dey
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, 404B Jodhpur Park, Kolkata 700068, India
| | - Proyasha Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, 404B Jodhpur Park, Kolkata 700068, India
| | - Subhash C Basak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1802 Stanford Avenue, Duluth, MN 5581, United States
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17
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Abstract
Viral diseases and epidemics are occurring across the world with increasing frequency and with incidences of new and old viruses with renewed vigor. Traditional drugs and vaccines with their long developmental times, incidences of allergenic reactions, growth of resistant strains and other issues are proving inadequate to curb the menace. Advancements in computer science and technology, in genetics and immunology and the growth of the new science of bioinformatics are leading to a more focused approach in a new paradigm of vaccine design that challenges the traditional approach and promises to be more effective; lead times should get much shorter, preselection of peptide antivirals will be designed to preclude allergenic reactions, stability against mutational changes to viral strains will be much more assured, and coverage of immunological status will enable community-specific vaccines development. We outline in this article the basics of viruses, immune responses, and traditional vaccines and move on to describe the bioinformatics methods and development of new vaccines.
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18
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Trombetta CM, Gianchecchi E, Montomoli E. Influenza vaccines: Evaluation of the safety profile. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:657-670. [PMID: 29297746 PMCID: PMC5861790 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1423153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of vaccines is a critical factor in maintaining public trust in national vaccination programs. Vaccines are recommended for children, adults and elderly subjects and have to meet higher safety standards, since they are administered to healthy subjects, mainly healthy children. Although vaccines are strictly monitored before authorization, the possibility of adverse events and/or rare adverse events cannot be totally eliminated. Two main types of influenza vaccines are currently available: parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines and intranasal live attenuated vaccines. Both display a good safety profile in adults and children. However, they can cause adverse events and/or rare adverse events, some of which are more prevalent in children, while others with a higher prevalence in adults. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of influenza vaccine safety according to target groups, vaccine types and production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
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19
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Schmidt ST, Neustrup MA, Harloff-Helleberg S, Korsholm KS, Rades T, Andersen P, Christensen D, Foged C. Systematic Investigation of the Role of Surfactant Composition and Choice of oil: Design of a Nanoemulsion-Based Adjuvant Inducing Concomitant Humoral and CD4 + T-Cell Responses. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1716-1727. [PMID: 28516400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Induction of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses is crucial for vaccine-mediated protection against difficult vaccine targets, e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Adjuvants are included in subunit vaccines to potentiate immune responses, but many marketed adjuvants stimulate predominantly humoral immune responses. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need for new adjuvants, which potentiate humoral and CMI responses. The purpose was to design an oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvant containing a synthetic CMI-inducing mycobacterial monomycoloyl glycerol (MMG) analogue to concomitantly induce humoral and CMI responses. METHODS The influence of emulsion composition was analyzed using a systematic approach. Three factors were varied: i) saturation of the oil phase, ii) type and saturation of the applied surfactant mixture, and iii) surfactant mixture net charge. RESULTS The emulsions were colloidally stable with a droplet diameter of 150-250 nm, and the zeta-potential correlated closely with the net charge of the surfactant mixture. Only cationic emulsions containing the unsaturated surfactant mixture induced concomitant humoral and CMI responses upon immunization of mice with a Ct antigen, and the responses were enhanced when squalene was applied as the oil phase. In contrast, emulsions with neutral and net negative zeta-potentials did not induce CMI responses. The saturation degree of the oil phase did not influence the adjuvanticity. CONCLUSION Cationic, MMG analogue-containing nanoemulsions are potential adjuvants for vaccines against pathogens for which both humoral and CMI responses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Malene Aaby Neustrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stine Harloff-Helleberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karen Smith Korsholm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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20
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Cardona-Ospina JA, Sepúlveda-Arias JC, Mancilla L, Gutierrez-López LG. Plant expression systems, a budding way to confront chikungunya and Zika in developing countries? F1000Res 2016; 5:2121. [PMID: 27781090 PMCID: PMC5054818 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9502.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant expression systems could be used as biofactories of heterologous proteins that have the potential to be used with biopharmaceutical aims and vaccine design. This technology is scalable, safe and cost-effective and it has been previously proposed as an option for vaccine and protein pharmaceutical development in developing countries. Here we present a proposal of how plant expression systems could be used to address Zika and chikungunya outbreaks through development of vaccines and rapid diagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Juan C Sepúlveda-Arias
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - L Mancilla
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Luis G Gutierrez-López
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Enviromental Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
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21
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Dey S, De A, Nandy A. Rational Design of Peptide Vaccines Against Multiple Types of Human Papillomavirus. Cancer Inform 2016; 15:1-16. [PMID: 27279731 PMCID: PMC4890726 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s39071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs in many types, some of which cause cervical, genital, and other cancers. While vaccination is available against the major cancer-causing HPV types, many others are not covered by these preventive measures. Herein, we present a bioinformatics study for the designing of multivalent peptide vaccines against multiple HPV types as an alternative strategy to the virus-like particle vaccines being used now. Our technique of rational design of peptide vaccines is expected to ensure stability of the vaccine against many cycles of mutational changes, elicit immune response, and negate autoimmune possibilities. Using the L1 capsid protein sequences, we identified several peptides for potential vaccine design for HPV 16, 18, 33, 35, 45, and 11 types. Although there are concerns about the epitope-binding affinities for the peptides identified in this process, the technique indicates possibilities of multivalent, adjuvanted, peptide vaccines against a wider range of HPV types, and tailor-made different combinations of the peptides to address frequency variations of types over different population groups as required for prophylaxis and at lower cost than are in use at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Dey
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India
| | - Antara De
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashesh Nandy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India
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22
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Nandy A, Basak SC. A Brief Review of Computer-Assisted Approaches to Rational Design of Peptide Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E666. [PMID: 27153063 PMCID: PMC4881492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing incidences of new viral diseases and increasingly frequent viral epidemics have strained therapeutic and preventive measures; the high mutability of viral genes puts additional strains on developmental efforts. Given the high cost and time requirements for new drugs development, vaccines remain as a viable alternative, but there too traditional techniques of live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines have the danger of allergenic reactions and others. Peptide vaccines have, over the last several years, begun to be looked on as more appropriate alternatives, which are economically affordable, require less time for development and hold the promise of multi-valent dosages. The developments in bioinformatics, proteomics, immunogenomics, structural biology and other sciences have spurred the growth of vaccinomics where computer assisted approaches serve to identify suitable peptide targets for eventual development of vaccines. In this mini-review we give a brief overview of some of the recent trends in computer assisted vaccine development with emphasis on the primary selection procedures of probable peptide candidates for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Nandy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Jodhpur Park, Kolkata 700068, India.
| | - Subhash C Basak
- Natural Resources Research Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA.
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