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Hong J, Tian Y, Liang T, Liu X, Song Y, Guan D, Yan Z, Guo J, Tang B, Cao D, Guo J, Chen J, Pan D, Xu LM, Wang EG, Jiang Y. Imaging surface structure and premelting of ice Ih with atomic resolution. Nature 2024; 630:375-380. [PMID: 38778112 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ice surfaces are closely relevant to many physical and chemical properties, such as melting, freezing, friction, gas uptake and atmospheric reaction1-8. Despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigations9-17, the exact atomic structures of ice interfaces remain elusive owing to the vulnerable hydrogen-bonding network and the complicated premelting process. Here we realize atomic-resolution imaging of the basal (0001) surface structure of hexagonal water ice (ice Ih) by using qPlus-based cryogenic atomic force microscopy with a carbon monoxide-functionalized tip. We find that the crystalline ice-Ih surface consists of mixed Ih- and cubic (Ic)-stacking nanodomains, forming 19 × 19 periodic superstructures. Density functional theory reveals that this reconstructed surface is stabilized over the ideal ice surface mainly by minimizing the electrostatic repulsion between dangling OH bonds. Moreover, we observe that the ice surface gradually becomes disordered with increasing temperature (above 120 Kelvin), indicating the onset of the premelting process. The surface premelting occurs from the defective boundaries between the Ih and Ic domains and can be promoted by the formation of a planar local structure. These results put an end to the longstanding debate on ice surface structures and shed light on the molecular origin of ice premelting, which may lead to a paradigm shift in the understanding of ice physics and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Hong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiancheng Liang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Guan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Yan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Guo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Binze Tang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanyun Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Tsientang Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Kawakami N, Iwata K, Shiotari A, Sugimoto Y. Intrinsic reconstruction of ice-I surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/37/eabb7986. [PMID: 32917710 PMCID: PMC7486089 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the precise atomic structure of ice surfaces is critical for revealing the mechanisms of physical and chemical phenomena at the surfaces, such as ice growth, melting, and chemical reactions. Nevertheless, no conclusive structure has been established. In this study, noncontact atomic force microscopy was used to address the characterization of the atomic structures of ice Ih(0001) and Ic(111) surfaces. The topmost hydrogen atoms are arranged with a short-range (2 × 2) order, independent of the ice thickness and growth substrates used. The electrostatic repulsion between non-hydrogen-bonded water molecules at the surface causes a reduction in the number of the topmost hydrogen atoms together with a distortion of the ideal honeycomb arrangement of water molecules, leading to a short-range-ordered surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kawakami
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - K Iwata
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - A Shiotari
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Sugimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
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3
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Tang F, Ohto T, Sun S, Rouxel JR, Imoto S, Backus EHG, Mukamel S, Bonn M, Nagata Y. Molecular Structure and Modeling of Water-Air and Ice-Air Interfaces Monitored by Sum-Frequency Generation. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3633-3667. [PMID: 32141737 PMCID: PMC7181271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
From a glass of water to glaciers in Antarctica, water-air and ice-air interfaces are abundant on Earth. Molecular-level structure and dynamics at these interfaces are key for understanding many chemical/physical/atmospheric processes including the slipperiness of ice surfaces, the surface tension of water, and evaporation/sublimation of water. Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the molecular-level structure of these interfaces because SFG can specifically probe the topmost interfacial water molecules separately from the bulk and is sensitive to molecular conformation. Nevertheless, experimental SFG has several limitations. For example, SFG cannot provide information on the depth of the interface and how the orientation of the molecules varies with distance from the surface. By combining the SFG spectroscopy with simulation techniques, one can directly compare the experimental data with the simulated SFG spectra, allowing us to unveil the molecular-level structure of water-air and ice-air interfaces. Here, we present an overview of the different simulation protocols available for SFG spectra calculations. We systematically compare the SFG spectra computed with different approaches, revealing the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. Furthermore, we account for the findings through combined SFG experiments and simulations and provide future challenges for SFG experiments and simulations at different aqueous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Tang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shumei Sun
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jérémy R. Rouxel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sho Imoto
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ellen H. G. Backus
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory
of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Dupuy R, Féraud G, Bertin M, Romanzin C, Philippe L, Putaud T, Michaut X, Cimino R, Baglin V, Fillion JH. Desorption of neutrals, cations, and anions from core-excited amorphous solid water. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:054711. [PMID: 32035460 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Core-excitation of water ice releases many different molecules and ions in the gas phase. Studying these desorbed species and the underlying desorption mechanisms can provide useful information on the effects of x-ray irradiation in ice. We report a detailed study of the x-ray induced desorption of a number of neutral, cationic, and anionic species from amorphous solid water. We discuss the desorption mechanisms and the relative contributions of Auger and secondary electrons (x-ray induced electron stimulated desorption) and initial excitation (direct desorption) as well as the role of photochemistry. Anions are shown to desorb not just through processes linked with secondary electrons but also through direct dissociation of the core-excited molecule. The desorption spectra of oxygen ions (O+, OH+, H2O+, O-, and OH-) give a new perspective on their previously reported very low desorption yields for most types of irradiations of water, showing that they mostly originate from the dissociation of photoproducts such as H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dupuy
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - G Féraud
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Bertin
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Romanzin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Philippe
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - T Putaud
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - X Michaut
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Cimino
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF)-INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Baglin
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J-H Fillion
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France
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5
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Zhovtobriukh I, Norman P, Pettersson LGM. X-ray absorption spectrum simulations of hexagonal ice. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:034501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5078385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Zhovtobriukh
- FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars G. M. Pettersson
- FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Zhovtobriukh I, Besley NA, Fransson T, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM. Relationship between x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy and the local H-bond environment in water. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5009457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Zhovtobriukh
- FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Fransson
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025,
USA
| | - Anders Nilsson
- FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars G. M. Pettersson
- FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Fujii K, Izumi Y, Narita A, Ghose KK, López-Tarifa P, Touati A, Spezia R, Vuilleumier R, Gaigeot MP, Politis MF, Du Penhoat MAH, Yokoya A. Roles of Hydration for Inducing Decomposition of 2-Deoxy-d-ribose by Ionization of Oxygen K-Shell Electrons. Radiat Res 2018; 189:264-272. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14225.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujii
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan
| | - Yudai Izumi
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Ayumi Narita
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Krishna Kamol Ghose
- LAMBE UMR CNRS 8587, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne, Evry, & Université Paris-Sacley, France France
| | - Pablo López-Tarifa
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB-ISIC-LCBC-BCH, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Touati
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Universités - UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Spezia
- LAMBE UMR CNRS 8587, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne, Evry, & Université Paris-Sacley, France France
| | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- LAMBE UMR CNRS 8587, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne, Evry, & Université Paris-Sacley, France France
| | - Marie-Françoise Politis
- LAMBE UMR CNRS 8587, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne, Evry, & Université Paris-Sacley, France France
| | | | - Akinari Yokoya
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan
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8
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Maier S, Lechner BAJ, Somorjai GA, Salmeron M. Growth and Structure of the First Layers of Ice on Ru(0001) and Pt(111). J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3145-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Maier
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara A. J. Lechner
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabor A. Somorjai
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Schiros T, Andersson KJ, MacNaughton J, Gladh J, Matsuda A, Öström H, Takahashi O, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Ogasawara H. Unique water-water coordination tailored by a metal surface. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:234708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4809680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Riikonen S, Parkkinen P, Halonen L, Gerber RB. Ionization of Nitric Acid on Crystalline Ice: The Role of Defects and Collective Proton Movement. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1850-1855. [PMID: 26283120 DOI: 10.1021/jz400531q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of nitric acid (HNO3) on a model ice surface is studied using ab initio molecular dynamics at temperatures of 200 and 40 K with a surface slab model that consists of the ideal ice basal plane with locally optimized and annealed defects. Pico- and subpicosecond ionization of nitric acid can be achieved in the defect sites. Key features of the rapid ionization are (a) the efficient solvation of the polyatomic nitrate anion, by stealing hydrogen bonds from the weakened hydrogen bonds at defect sites, (b) formation of contact ion pairs to stable "presolvated" molecular species that are present at the defects,
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riikonen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Parkkinen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Halonen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R B Gerber
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- ‡Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
- §Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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11
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12
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Lange KM, Hodeck KF, Schade U, Aziz EF. Nature of the Hydrogen Bond of Water in Solvents of Different Polarities. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16997-7001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109790z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M. Lange
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, c/o BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and FB Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai F. Hodeck
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, c/o BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and FB Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schade
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, c/o BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and FB Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, c/o BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and FB Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Park SC, Moon ES, Kang H. Some fundamental properties and reactions of ice surfaces at low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12000-11. [PMID: 20683515 DOI: 10.1039/c003592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ice surfaces offer a unique chemical environment in which reactions occur quite differently from those in liquid water or gas phases. In this article, we examine the basic properties of ice surfaces below the surface premelting temperature and discuss some of the recent investigations carried out on reactions at the ice surfaces. The static and dynamic properties of an ice surface as a reaction medium, such as its structure, molecule diffusion and proton transfer dynamics, and the surface preference of hydronium and hydroxide ions, are discussed in relation to the reactivity of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Analytical Research Group, Central R&D Institute, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Suwon, South Korea 443-743
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14
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Zhang J, Xiao ZR, Kuo JL. Calculation of near K edge x-ray absorption spectra and hydrogen bond network in ice XIII under compression. J Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3421650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Leetmaa M, Wikfeldt KT, Pettersson LGM. SpecSwap-RMC: a novel reverse Monte Carlo approach using a discrete set of local configurations and pre-computed properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:135001. [PMID: 21389504 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/13/135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach to reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling, SpecSwap-RMC, specifically applicable to structure modeling based on properties that require significant computer time to evaluate. In this approach pre-computed property data from a discrete set of local configurations are used and the configuration space is expressed in this basis. Atomistic moves are replaced with swap moves of contributions to a sample set representing the state of the simulated system. We demonstrate the approach by fitting jointly and separately the EXAFS signal and x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of ice Ih using a SpecSwap sample set of 80 configurations from a library of 1382 local structures with associated pre-computed spectra. As an additional demonstration we compare SpecSwap and FEFFIT fits of EXAFS data on crystalline copper, finding excellent agreement. SpecSwap-RMC thus extends RMC structure modeling to any property that can be computed from a structure irrespective of computational expense, but at the cost of a reduced configuration space. The method is general enough that it can be applied to any sets of computed properties, not necessarily limited to structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Leetmaa
- FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Schiros T, Takahashi O, Andersson KJ, Öström H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Ogasawara H. The role of substrate electrons in the wetting of a metal surface. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:094701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3292681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Tatarkhanov M, Fomin E, Salmeron M, Andersson K, Ogasawara H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Cerdá JI. The structure of mixed H2O-OH monolayer films on Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2009; 129:154109. [PMID: 19045178 DOI: 10.1063/1.2988903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) have been used to study the structures produced by water on Ru(0001) at temperatures above 140 K. It was found that while undissociated water layers are metastable below 140 K, heating above this temperature produces drastic transformations, whereby a fraction of the water molecules partially dissociate and form mixed H(2)O-OH structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and XAS revealed the presence of hydroxyl groups with their O-H bond essentially parallel to the surface. STM images show that the mixed H(2)O-OH structures consist of long narrow stripes aligned with the three crystallographic directions perpendicular to the close-packed atomic rows of the Ru(0001) substrate. The internal structure of the stripes is a honeycomb network of H-bonded water and hydroxyl species. We found that the metastable low temperature molecular phase can also be converted to a mixed H(2)O-OH phase through excitation by the tunneling electrons when their energy is 0.5 eV or higher above the Fermi level. Structural models based on the STM images were used for density functional theory optimizations of the stripe geometry. The optimized geometry was then utilized to calculate STM images for comparison with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tatarkhanov
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Mehlhorn M, Gawronski H, Morgenstern K. Electron damage to supported ice investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:196101. [PMID: 19113284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.196101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the interaction of low-energy electrons with crystalline ice (D2O) on Cu(111) by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Electrons induce dissociation of the molecules with a threshold of approximately 3 eV. The large dissociation yield of the order of 10(-8)/electron and the extended area of dissociation are attributed to a shift in conduction band during the dissociation. Voltage dependent differences in imaging of ice and dissociated ice are reflected in the spectroscopic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mehlhorn
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Fister TT, Seidler GT, Shirley EL, Vila FD, Rehr JJ, Nagle KP, Linehan JC, Cross JO. The local electronic structure of alpha-Li3N. J Chem Phys 2008. [PMID: 18681665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.79.174117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
New theoretical and experimental investigations of the occupied and unoccupied local electronic densities of states (DOS) are reported for alpha-Li(3)N. Band-structure and density-functional theory calculations confirm the absence of covalent bonding character. However, real-space full-multiple-scattering (RSFMS) calculations of the occupied local DOS find less extreme nominal valences than have previously been proposed. Nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering, RSFMS calculations, and calculations based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation are used to characterize the unoccupied electronic final states local to both the Li and N sites. There is a good agreement between experiment and theory. Throughout the Li 1s near-edge region, both experiment and theory find strong similarities in the s-and p-type components of the unoccupied local final DOS projected onto an orbital angular momentum basis (l-DOS). An unexpected, significant correspondence exists between the near-edge spectra for the Li 1s and N 1s initial states. We argue that both spectra are sampling essentially the same final DOS due to the combination of long core-hole lifetimes, long photoelectron lifetimes, and the fact that orbital angular momentum is the same for all relevant initial states. Such considerations may be generally applicable for low atomic number compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Fister
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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20
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High resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy of liquid water: The observation of two structural motifs. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Iannuzzi M. X-ray absorption spectra of hexagonal ice and liquid water by all-electron Gaussian and augmented plane wave calculations. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:204506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2928842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Abu-samha M, Børve KJ. Surface relaxation in water clusters: Evidence from theoretical analysis of the oxygen 1s photoelectron spectrum. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:154710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2904877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Zimbitas G, Gallagher ME, Darling GR, Hodgson A. Wetting of mixed OH∕H2O layers on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2008; 128:074701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2830266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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24
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Nordlund D, Ogasawara H, Bluhm H, Takahashi O, Odelius M, Nagasono M, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Probing the electron delocalization in liquid water and ice at attosecond time scales. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:217406. [PMID: 18233257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.217406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We determine electron delocalization rates in liquid water and ice using core-hole decay spectroscopy. The hydrogen-bonded network delocalizes the electrons in less than 500 as. Broken or weak hydrogen bonds--in the liquid or at the surface of ice--provide states where the electron remains localized longer than 20 fs. These asymmetrically bonded water species provide electron traps, acting as a strong precursor channel to the hydrated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450 Stanford, California 94309, USA
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25
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Zhao J, Li B, Onda K, Feng M, Petek H. Solvated Electrons on Metal Oxide Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4402-27. [PMID: 17031992 DOI: 10.1021/cr050173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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26
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Bagus PS, Wöll C, Ilton ES. A definitive analysis of the Rydberg and valence anti-bonding character of states in the O K-edge of H2O. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Zubavichus Y, Zharnikov M, Yang YJ, Fuchs O, Umbach E, Heske C, Grunze M. Oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure studies of vacuum-deposited ice films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7241-7. [PMID: 16893221 DOI: 10.1021/la060379o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer ice films deposited on polycrystalline Au(111) substrates at 90 and 153 K under ultra-high-vacuum conditions are studied using O K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy in the surface-sensitive partial electron yield mode. Both near-edge and extended oscillatory fine structures are analyzed in combination with the theoretical real-space full-multiple-scattering simulations based on the FEFF8 code. The experimental data consistently indicate that the local structure of the near-surface regions in ice films at both substrate temperatures resembles that of high-density crystalline modifications of ice (e.g., ice II, ice III, or high-density amorphous ice). In addition, the ice films deposited at 153 K most probably contain a minor fraction of low-density cubic ice (I(c) phase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zubavichus
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Baletto F, Cavazzoni C, Scandolo S. Surface trapped excess electrons on ice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:176801. [PMID: 16383853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.176801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Local trapping of excess electrons at the surface of solid water systems has recently been observed in large water clusters and at the ice/vacuum interface. The existence of stable surface-bound states for the excess electron may have important implications in atmospheric chemistry, electrochemistry, and radiation physics. By means of first-principles molecular dynamics we find that excess electrons induce a structural reconstruction of the ice surface on a time scale of a fraction of a picosecond. The surface molecular rearrangement leads to an increase of the number of dangling OH bonds pointing towards the vacuum and to the appearance of an electrostatic barrier preventing the penetration of the electron in the bulk. Both factors imply a remarkable stability for the surface-bound excess electron, with respect to its decay into the bulk solvated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baletto
- The Abdus Salam International Centre of Theoretical Physics, INFM/Democritos National Simulation Center, Strada Costiera 11, 34100 Trieste, Italy
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29
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Kimmel GA, Petrik NG, Dohnálek Z, Kay BD. Crystalline ice growth on PT(111): observation of a hydrophobic water monolayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:166102. [PMID: 16241818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.166102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth of crystalline water films on Pt(111) is investigated using rare gas physisorption. The water monolayer wets Pt(111) at all temperatures investigated (20-155 K). At low temperatures (T< or =120 K), additional water layers kinetically wet the monolayer surface. However, crystalline ice films grown at higher temperatures (T > 135 K) do not wet the water monolayer. These results are consistent with recent theory and experiments suggesting that the molecules in the water monolayer form a surface with no dangling OH bonds or lone pair electrons, giving rise to a hydrophobic water monolayer on Pt(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Kimmel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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30
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Prendergast D, Grossman JC, Galli G. The electronic structure of liquid water within density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:014501. [PMID: 16035849 DOI: 10.1063/1.1940612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, computational studies of liquid water have mostly concentrated on ground-state properties. However, recent spectroscopic measurements have been used to infer the structure of water, and the interpretation of optical and x-ray spectra requires accurate theoretical models of excited electronic states, not only of the ground state. To this end, we investigate the electronic properties of water at ambient conditions using ab initio density-functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation (DFT/GGA), focusing on the unoccupied subspace of Kohn-Sham eigenstates. We generate long (250 ps) classical trajectories for large supercells, up to 256 molecules, from which uncorrelated configurations of water molecules are extracted for use in DFT/GGA calculations of the electronic structure. We find that the density of occupied states of this molecular liquid is well described with 32-molecule supercells using a single k point (k=0) to approximate integration over the first Brillouin zone. However, the description of the unoccupied electronic density of states (u-EDOS) is sensitive to finite size effects. Small, 32-molecule supercell calculations, using the Gamma-point approximation, yield a spuriously isolated state above the Fermi level. Nevertheless, the more accurate u-EDOS of large, 256-molecule supercells may be reproduced using smaller supercells and increased k-point sampling. This indicates that the electronic structure of molecular liquids such as water is relatively insensitive to the long-range disorder in the molecular structure. These results have important implications for efficiently increasing the accuracy of spectral calculations for water and other molecular liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Prendergast
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-415, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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31
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Näslund LA, Lüning J, Ufuktepe Y, Ogasawara H, Wernet P, Bergmann U, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements of Liquid Water. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:13835-9. [PMID: 16852732 DOI: 10.1021/jp052046q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies, based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray Raman scattering (XRS), have shown that the hydrogen bond network in liquid water consists mainly of water molecules with only two strong hydrogen bonds. Since this result is controversial, it is important to demonstrate the reliability of the experimental data, which is the purpose of this paper. Here we compare X-ray absorption spectra of liquid water recorded with five very different techniques sensitive to the local environment of the absorbing molecule. Overall, the spectra obtained with photon detection show a very close similarity and even the observable minor differences can be understood. The comparison demonstrates that XAS and XRS can indeed be applied reliably to study the local bonding of the water molecule and thus to reveal the hydrogen bond situation in bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-A Näslund
- FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Wilson KR, Cavalleri M, Rude BS, Schaller RD, Catalano T, Nilsson A, Saykally RJ, Pettersson LGM. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquid Methanol Microjets: Bulk Electronic Structure and Hydrogen Bonding Network. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10194-203. [PMID: 16852236 DOI: 10.1021/jp049278u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have measured the X-ray absorption (XA) spectrum of liquid (298 K) methanol at the oxygen and carbon K edges. The 4a(1) orbital at the O K edge exhibits a pronounced sensitivity to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, with significant differences observed between the vapor and bulk spectra, whereas the C K edge reveals only subtle corresponding spectral changes. Comparison with DFT computed spectra of model methanol clusters indicates that the bulk liquid comprises long chains (n > 6) and rings of hydrogen-bonded monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FYSIKUM, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Daschbach JL, Dohnalek Z, Liu SR, Smith RS, Kay BD. Water Adsorption, Desorption, and Clustering on FeO(111). J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10362-70. [PMID: 16852256 DOI: 10.1021/jp058013s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of water on FeO(111) is investigated using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). Well-ordered 2 ML thick FeO(111) films are grown epitaxially on a Pt(111) substrate. Water adsorbs molecularly on FeO(111) and desorbs with a well resolved monolayer peak. IRAS measurements as a function of coverage are performed for water deposited at 30 and 135 K. For all coverages (0.2 ML and greater), the adsorbed water exhibits significant hydrogen bonding. Differences in IRAS spectra for water adsorbed at 30 and 135 K are subtle but suggest that water adsorbed at 135 K is well ordered. Monolayer nitrogen TPD spectra from water covered FeO(111) surfaces are used to investigate the clustering of the water as a function of deposition or annealing temperature. Temperature dependent water overlayer structures result from differences in water diffusion rates on bare FeO(111) and on water adsorbed on FeO(111). Features in the nitrogen TPD spectra allow the monolayer wetting and 2-dimensional (2D) ordering of water on FeO(111) to be followed. Voids in a partially disordered first water layer exist for water deposited below 120 K and ordered 2D islands are found when depositing water above 120 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Daschbach
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Fundamental Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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34
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Nilsson A, Ogasawara H, Cavalleri M, Nordlund D, Nyberg M, Wernet P, Pettersson LGM. The hydrogen bond in ice probed by soft x-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:154505. [PMID: 15945643 DOI: 10.1063/1.1879752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine photoelectron and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with density functional theory to derive a molecular orbital picture of the hydrogen bond in ice. We find that the hydrogen bond involves donation and back-donation of charge between the oxygen lone pair and the O-H antibonding orbitals on neighboring molecules. Together with internal s-p rehybridization this minimizes the repulsive charge overlap of the connecting oxygen and hydrogen atoms, which is essential for a strong attractive electrostatic interaction. Our joint experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that an electrostatic model based on only charge induction from the surrounding medium fails to properly describe the internal charge redistributions upon hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nilsson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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35
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Cavalleri M, Odelius M, Nordlund D, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM. Half or full core hole in density functional theory X-ray absorption spectrum calculations of water? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2854-8. [PMID: 16189603 DOI: 10.1039/b505723j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the performance of two different core-hole potentials in the theoretical modeling of XAS of ice, liquid and gas phase water; the use of a full core-hole (FCH) in the calculations, as suggested by Hetenyi et al. [B. Hetenyi, F. De Angelis, P. Giamozzi and R. Car, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120(18), 8632], gives poor agreement with experiment in terms of intensity distribution as well as transition energies, while the half core hole (HCH) potential, in the case of water, provides a better compromise between initial and final state effects, leading to good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cavalleri
- Fysikum, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Brena B, Nordlund D, Odelius M, Ogasawara H, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM. Ultrafast molecular dissociation of water in ice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:148302. [PMID: 15524849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using x-ray emission and photoemission spectroscopies to measure the occupied valence levels in a thin crystalline ice film, we resolve the ionization-induced dissociation of water in ice on a femtosecond time scale. Isotope substitution confirms proton transfer during the core-hole lifetime in spite of the nonresonant excitation. Through ab initio molecular dynamics on the core-ionized state, the dissociation and spectrum evolution are followed at femtosecond intervals. The theoretical simulations confirm the experimental analysis and allow for a detailed study of the dissociative reaction path.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brena
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, S 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Finney JL. Water? What's so special about it? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359:1145-63; discussion 1163-5, 1323-8. [PMID: 15306373 PMCID: PMC1693413 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
What is so special about water? Why does it have the properties it has, and how might these reasons be relevant to its apparent biological importance? By exploring the structure and dynamics of water, from the isolated molecule and its interactions, through its many crystalline phases and to its so-called anomalous liquid phase, some of its apparently unusual behaviour is rationalized. The way in which it interacts with some relatively simple interfaces is also discussed. As a result of this exploration, a checklist of possible molecular-level reasons for its biological importance is devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Finney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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