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El Hasnaoui N, Fatimi A, Benjalal Y. Self-Assembly of Molecular Landers Equipped with Functional Moieties on the Surface: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6277. [PMID: 38892465 PMCID: PMC11172695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The bottom-up fabrication of supramolecular and self-assembly on various substrates has become an extremely relevant goal to achieve prospects in the development of nanodevices for electronic circuitry or sensors. One of the branches of this field is the self-assembly of functional molecular components driven through non-covalent interactions on the surfaces, such as van der Waals (vdW) interactions, hydrogen bonding (HB), electrostatic interactions, etc., allowing the controlled design of nanostructures that can satisfy the requirements of nanoengineering concepts. In this context, non-covalent interactions present opportunities that have been previously explored in several molecular systems adsorbed on surfaces, primarily due to their highly directional nature which facilitates the formation of well-ordered structures. Herein, we review a series of research works by combining STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) with theoretical calculations, to reveal the processes used in the area of self-assembly driven by molecule Landers equipped with functional groups on the metallic surfaces. Combining these processes is necessary for researchers to advance the self-assembly of supramolecular architectures driven by multiple non-covalent interactions on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Hasnaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Youness Benjalal
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
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Simpson GJ, Persson M, Grill L. Adsorbate motors for unidirectional translation and transport. Nature 2023; 621:82-86. [PMID: 37673992 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial molecular motors are designed to transform external energy into useful work in the form of unidirectional motion1. They have been studied mainly in solution2-4, but also on solid surfaces5,6, which provide fixed reference points, allowing for tracking of their movement. However, these molecules require sophisticated design and synthesis, because the motor function must be imprinted into the chemical structure, and show reduced functionality on surfaces compared with in solution5-8. DNA walkers9,10, on the other hand, impart high directionality as they include the surface as part of the motor function, but they require chemical surface patterning and sequential solvent modification for motor activation. Here we show how efficient motors can operate at much smaller length scales on a homogeneous metal surface without any liquid. This is realized by combining a surface with a simple molecule, which, by itself, does not contain any motor unit. The motion, which is tracked at the single-molecule level, is triggered by intramolecular proton transfer with a corresponding modulation of the potential energy surface. Each molecule moves with 100 percent unidirectionality along an atomically defined straight line. Proof of the motor performing meaningful work is shown by controlled transport of single carbon monoxide molecules. This simplistic concept could form the basis for the controlled bottom-up assembly of nanostructures at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Simpson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mats Persson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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3
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Gross L, Schuler B, Pavliček N, Fatayer S, Majzik Z, Moll N, Peña D, Meyer G. Rasterkraftmikroskopie für die molekulare Strukturaufklärung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- IBM Research - Zürich; 8803 Rüschlikon Schweiz
| | - Bruno Schuler
- IBM Research - Zürich; 8803 Rüschlikon Schweiz
- Molecular Foundry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spanien
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Gross L, Schuler B, Pavliček N, Fatayer S, Majzik Z, Moll N, Peña D, Meyer G. Atomic Force Microscopy for Molecular Structure Elucidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3888-3908. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Bruno Schuler
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
- Current address: Molecular Foundry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | | | - Zsolt Majzik
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Nikolaj Moll
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
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5
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Simpson GJ, García-López V, Petermeier P, Grill L, Tour JM. How to build and race a fast nanocar. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:604-606. [PMID: 28681857 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Simpson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Víctor García-López
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and NanoEngineering, and the Smalley-Curl Institute and NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Philipp Petermeier
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - James M Tour
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and NanoEngineering, and the Smalley-Curl Institute and NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Calmettes B, Vernisse L, Guillermet O, Benjalal Y, Bouju X, Coudret C, Coratger R. Observation and manipulation of hexa-adamantyl-hexa-benzocoronene molecules by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22903-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Observation and manipulation of Ad6HBC molecules by STM (image of a dimer created by molecular manipulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Calmettes
- CEMES/UPR 8011 CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier
- Nanoscience Group
- 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Loranne Vernisse
- CEMES/UPR 8011 CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier
- Nanoscience Group
- 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Guillermet
- CEMES/UPR 8011 CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier
- Nanoscience Group
- 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Youness Benjalal
- CEMES/UPR 8011 CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier
- Nanoscience Group
- 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Bouju
- CEMES/UPR 8011 CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier
- Nanoscience Group
- 31055 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Roland Coratger
- CEMES/UPR 8011 CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier
- Nanoscience Group
- 31055 Toulouse, France
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Sirtl T, Jelic J, Meyer J, Das K, Heckl WM, Moritz W, Rundgren J, Schmittel M, Reuter K, Lackinger M. Adsorption structure determination of a large polyaromatic trithiolate on Cu(111): combination of LEED-I(V) and DFT-vdW. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11054-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nickel A, Meyer J, Ohmann R, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Rapenne G, Ample F, Joachim C, Cuniberti G, Moresco F. STM manipulation of a subphthalocyanine double-wheel molecule on Au(111). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:404001. [PMID: 22968915 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/40/404001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new class of double-wheel molecules is manipulated on a Au(111) surface by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at low temperature. The double-wheel molecule consists of two subphthalocyanine wheels connected by a central rotation carbon axis. Each of the subphthalocyanine wheels has a nitrogen tag to monitor its intramolecular rolling during an STM manipulation sequence. The position of the tag can be followed by STM, allowing us to distinguish between the different lateral movements of the molecule on the surface when manipulated by the STM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Nickel
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Yu M, Kalashnyk N, Xu W, Barattin R, Benjalal Y, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Hliwa M, Bouju X, Gourdon A, Joachim C, Besenbacher F, Linderoth TR. Supramolecular architectures on surfaces formed through hydrogen bonding optimized in three dimensions. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4097-4109. [PMID: 20550141 DOI: 10.1021/nn100450q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly on surfaces, guided by hydrogen bonding interactions, has been widely studied, most often involving planar compounds confined directly onto surfaces in a planar two-dimensional (2-D) geometry and equipped with structurally rigid chemical functionalities to direct the self-assembly. In contrast, so-called molecular Landers are a class of compounds that exhibit a pronounced three-dimensional (3-D) structure once adsorbed on surfaces, arising from a molecular backboard equipped with bulky groups which act as spacer legs. Here we demonstrate the first examples of extended, hydrogen-bonded surface architectures formed from molecular Landers. Using high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) under well controlled ultrahigh vacuum conditions we characterize both one-dimensional (1-D) chains as well as five distinct long-range ordered 2-D supramolecular networks formed on a Au(111) surface from a specially designed Lander molecule equipped with dual diamino-triazine (DAT) functional moieties, enabling complementary NH...N hydrogen bonding. Most interestingly, comparison of experimental results to STM image calculations and molecular mechanics structural modeling demonstrates that the observed molecular Lander-DAT structures can be rationalized through characteristic intermolecular hydrogen bonding coupling motifs which would not have been possible in purely planar 2-D surface assembly because they involve pronounced 3-D optimization of the bonding configurations. The described 1-D and 2-D patterns of Lander-DAT molecules may potentially be used as extended molecular molds for the nucleation and growth of complex metallic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Sloan PA. Time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy for molecular science. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:264001. [PMID: 21386458 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/26/264001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and its application in molecular science are reviewed. STM can image individual atoms and molecules and thus is able to observe the results of molecular processes such as diffusion, desorption, configuration switching, bond-breaking and chemistry, on the atomic scale. This review will introduce time-resolved STM, its experimental limitations and implementations with particular emphasis on thermally activated and tunnelling current induced molecular processes. It will briefly examine the push towards ultrafast imaging. In general, results achieved by time-resolved STM demonstrate the necessity of both space and time resolution for fully characterizing molecular processes on the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Sloan
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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11
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Kung YH, Cheng YS, Tai CC, Liu WS, Shin CC, Ma CC, Tsai YC, Wu TC, Kuo MY, Wu YT. Synthesis, Structures, and Physical Properties of Benzo[k]fluoranthene-Based Linear Acenes. Chemistry 2010; 16:5909-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Grill L. Large molecules on surfaces: deposition and intramolecular STM manipulation by directional forces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:084023. [PMID: 21389399 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/8/084023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular manipulation of single molecules on a surface with a scanning tunnelling microscope enables the controlled modification of their structure and, consequently, their physical and chemical properties. This review presents examples of intramolecular manipulation experiments with rather large molecules, driven by directional, i.e. chemical or electrostatic, forces between tip and molecule. It is shown how various regimes of forces can be explored and characterized with one and the same manipulation of a single molecule by changing the tip-surface distance. Furthermore, different deposition techniques under ultrahigh vacuum conditions are discussed because the increasing functionality of such molecules can lead to fragmentation during the heating step, making their clean deposition difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Grill
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Michl J, Sykes ECH. Molecular rotors and motors: recent advances and future challenges. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1042-1048. [PMID: 19845364 DOI: 10.1021/nn900411n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
At the "Molecular Rotors and Motors" symposium of the Spring 2009 ACS National Meeting in Salt Lake City (March 22-26), a diverse mix of talks addressed many current issues in the field. Speakers described topics that varied from single-molecule rotors and nanomachines to exquisite synthetic approaches toward building functional materials and mathematical and computational methods aimed at uncovering design opportunities and highlighting the fundamental limitations of molecular motors. While the realization of building useful nanomachines remains far off, a general consensus abounded that investigating biological systems and understanding the implications of the laws of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics for the behavior of nanostructures will help drive important advances in the quest for molecular machinery. Molecular rotors were demonstrated to have practical applications as probes for microviscosity, and many speakers presented experimental studies that indicated that highly directed translation and rotation of individual molecules, as well as interacting dipolar arrays, are just around the corner. While this Nano Focus is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the subject, it will focus on several key advances that were presented at the ACS meeting and highlight future challenges for the field of molecular rotors and motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Michl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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14
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Guillermet O, Niemi E, Nagarajan S, Bouju X, Martrou D, Gourdon A, Gauthier S. Self-Assembly of Fivefold-Symmetric Molecules on a Threefold-Symmetric Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Guillermet O, Niemi E, Nagarajan S, Bouju X, Martrou D, Gourdon A, Gauthier S. Self-Assembly of Fivefold-Symmetric Molecules on a Threefold-Symmetric Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1970-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Baffou G, Mayne AJ, Comtet G, Dujardin G, Stauffer L, Sonnet P. SiC(0001) 3 × 3 Heterochirality Revealed by Single-Molecule STM Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3210-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Baffou
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Andrew J. Mayne
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Geneviève Comtet
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Gérald Dujardin
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Louise Stauffer
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Philippe Sonnet
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France
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Martsinovich N, Kantorovich L. Theoretical modelling of tip effects in the pushing manipulation of C(60) on the Si(001) surface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:235702. [PMID: 21825801 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/23/235702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of our theoretical studies on the repulsive (pushing) manipulation of a C(60) molecule on the Si(001) surface with several scanning tunnelling microscopy tips. We show that, for silicon tips, tip-C(60) bonds are formed even with tips that do not initially have dangling bonds, and this tip-C(60) interaction drives the manipulation of the molecule. The details of the atomic structure of the tip and its position relative to the molecule do not have a significant effect on the mechanism and the sequence of adsorption configurations during the pushing manipulation of C(60) along the trough, where the trough itself provides a guiding effect. The pushing manipulation is thus a very robust process that occurs largely independently of the tip structure. On the other hand, the pushing manipulation across an Si-Si dimer row into the neighbouring trough proceeds in a more complex way, with tip deformation and detachment more likely to occur. We demonstrate the role of tip deformation and tip-molecule bond rearrangement in the continuous manipulation of the molecule. Finally, we calculate and analyse the forces acting on the tip during manipulation and identify characteristic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martsinovich
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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18
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Ge X, Kuntze J, Berndt R, Tang H, Gourdon A. Tunneling spectroscopy of lander molecules on coinage metal surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Basu C, Barthes C, Sadhukhan SK, Girdhar NK, Gourdon A. Synthesis of a 2D Lander. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Savio L, Gross L, Rieder KH, Gourdon A, Joachim C, Moresco F. Interaction of a long molecular wire with a nanostructured surface: Violet Landers on Cu(211). Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Otero R, Rosei F, Besenbacher F. SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY MANIPULATION OF COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES ON SOLID SURFACES. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2006; 57:497-525. [PMID: 16599819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.57.032905.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces display a fascinating variety of new physical and chemical phenomena ranging from self-assembly and molecular recognition to nonlinear optical properties and current rectification. Both the fundamental interest in these systems and the promise of technological applications have motivated a strong research effort in understanding and controlling these properties. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and, in particular, its ability to manipulate individual adsorbed molecules, has become a powerful tool for studying the adsorption geometry and the conformation and dynamics of single molecules and molecular aggregates. Here we review selected case studies demonstrating the enormous capabilities of STM manipulations to explore basic physiochemical properties of adsorbed molecules. In particular, we emphasize the role of STM manipulations in studying the coupling between the multiple degrees of freedom of adsorbed molecules, the phenomenon of molecular molding, and the possibility of creating and breaking individual chemical bonds in a controlled manner, i.e., the concept of single-molecule chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Otero
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Moresco F, Gourdon A. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments on single molecular landers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:8809-14. [PMID: 15956190 PMCID: PMC1157026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500915102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular landers are molecules comprising of a central rigid molecular wire maintained above a metallic surface by organic spacers, which allows specific ultrahigh vacuum-scanning tunneling microscopy experiments to be performed at the single-molecule level. The understanding of the molecule-surface interactions, intramolecular mechanics, and the possibility to perform extremely precise tip-induced manipulation permit these molecules to be brought in contact with a nanoelectrode and the resulting electronic interaction to be analyzed in well controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moresco
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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