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Photo- and Radiation-Induced One-Electron Oxidation of Methionine in Various Structural Environments Studied by Time-Resolved Techniques. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031028. [PMID: 35164293 PMCID: PMC8915190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of methionine (Met) is an important reaction that plays a key role in protein modifications during oxidative stress and aging. The first steps of Met oxidation involve the creation of very reactive and short-lived transients. Application of complementary time-resolved radiation and photochemical techniques (pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis together with time-resolved CIDNP and ESR techniques) allowed comparing in detail the one-electron oxidation mechanisms initiated either by ●OH radicals and other one-electron oxidants or the excited triplet state of the sensitizers e.g., 4-,3-carboxybenzophenones. The main purpose of this review is to present various factors that influence the character of the forming intermediates. They are divided into two parts: those inextricably related to the structures of molecules containing Met and those related to external factors. The former include (i) the protection of terminal amine and carboxyl groups, (ii) the location of Met in the peptide molecule, (iii) the character of neighboring amino acid other than Met, (iv) the character of the peptide chain (open vs cyclic), (v) the number of Met residues in peptide and protein, and (vi) the optical isomerism of Met residues. External factors include the type of the oxidant, pH, and concentration of Met-containing compounds in the reaction environment. Particular attention is given to the neighboring group participation, which is an essential parameter controlling one-electron oxidation of Met. Mechanistic aspects of oxidation processes by various one-electron oxidants in various structural and pH environments are summarized and discussed. The importance of these studies for understanding oxidation of Met in real biological systems is also addressed.
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Wojnárovits L, Takács E. Rate constants of dichloride radical anion reactions with molecules of environmental interest in aqueous solution: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41552-41575. [PMID: 34086177 PMCID: PMC8354983 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural waters, water droplets in the air at coastal regions and wastewaters usually contain chloride ions (Cl-) in relatively high concentrations in the milimolar range. In the reactions of highly oxidizing radicals (e.g., •OH, •NO3, or SO4•-) in the nature or during wastewater treatment in advanced oxidation processes the chloride ions easily transform to chlorine containing radicals, such as Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•. This transformation basically affects the degradation of organic molecules. In this review about 400 rate constants of the dichloride radical anion (Cl2•-) with about 300 organic molecules is discussed together with the reaction mechanisms. The reactions with phenols, anilines, sulfur compounds (with sulfur atom in lower oxidation state), and molecules with conjugated electron systems are suggested to take place with electron transfer mechanism. The rate constant is high (107-109 M-1 s-1) when the reduction potential the one-electron oxidized species/molecule couple is well below that of the Cl2•-/2Cl- couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Wojnárovits
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út, Budapest, 29-33, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Takács
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út, Budapest, 29-33, Hungary.
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Jie J, Xia Y, Huang CH, Zhao H, Yang C, Liu K, Song D, Zhu BZ, Su H. Sulfur-centered hemi-bond radicals as active intermediates in S-DNA phosphorothioate oxidation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11514-11526. [PMID: 31724721 PMCID: PMC7145531 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorothioate (PS) modifications naturally appear in bacteria and archaea genome and are widely used as antisense strategy in gene therapy. But the chemical effects of PS introduction as a redox active site into DNA (S-DNA) is still poorly understood. Herein, we perform time-resolved spectroscopy to examine the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of the PS oxidation by potent radicals in free model, in dinucleotide, and in S-oligomer. The crucial sulphur-centered hemi-bonded intermediates -P–S∴S–P- were observed and found to play critical roles leading to the stable adducts of -P–S–S–P-, which are backbone DNA lesion products. Moreover, the oxidation of the PS moiety in dinucleotides d[GPSG], d[APSA], d[GPSA], d[APSG] and in S-oligomers was monitored in real-time, showing that PS oxidation can compete with adenine but not with guanine. Significantly, hole transfer process from A+• to PS and concomitant -P–S∴S–P- formation was observed, demonstrating the base-to-backbone hole transfer unique to S-DNA, which is different from the normally adopted backbone-to-base hole transfer in native DNA. These findings reveal the distinct backbone lesion pathway brought by the PS modification and also imply an alternative -P–S∴S–P-/-P–S–S–P- pathway accounting for the interesting protective role of PS as an oxidation sacrifice in bacterial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Jie
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ye Xia
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Lab of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunfan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kunhui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Di Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Lab of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongmei Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Hattori K, Wang D, Fujii A. Influence of the microsolvation on hemibonded and protonated hydrogen sulfide: infrared spectroscopy of [(H 2S) n(X) 1] + and H +(H 2S) n(X) 1 (n = 1 and 2, X = water, methanol, and ethanol). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16064-16074. [PMID: 31259331 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03159f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes of the excess charge accommodation motif in hemibonded and protonated hydrogen sulfide by microsolvation are studied by infrared spectroscopy of [(H2S)n(X)1]+ and H+(H2S)n(X)1 (n = 1 and 2, X = water, methanol, and ethanol) clusters. While the hemibond in the (H2S)2+ ion core is stable to the microhydration by a single water molecule, the hemibond is broken by the proton transfer with the microsolvation by a single methanol or ethanol molecule. Hetero hemibond formation between hydrogen sulfide and these solvent molecules is not observed. On the other hand, the excess proton in H+(H2S)n can be easily transferred to the solvent molecule, even though the proton affinity of the solvent molecule is lower than that of hydrogen sulfide. Implications of these results to the charge accommodation by sulfur under the biological conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Thiruppathi D, Karuppasamy P, Ganesan M, Sivasubramanian VK, Rajendran T, Rajagopal S. Electron transfer reactions of methionine peptides with photochemically generated ruthenium(III)–polypyridyl complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hendon CH, Carbery DR, Walsh A. Three-electron two-centred bonds and the stabilisation of cationic sulfur radicals. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin stabilisation of conjugated motifs and heteroatoms suggests that the primary mechanism for cationic thioether stabilisation is not three-electron two-centred bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath, UK
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Prasanthkumar KP, Suresh CH, Aravindakumar CT. Dimer radical cation of 4-thiouracil: a pulse radiolysis and theoretical study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Prasanthkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology; Trivandrum 695019 Kerala India
| | - C. T. Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
- Inter University Instrumentation Center; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
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Prasanthkumar KP, Suresh CH, Aravindakumar CT. Oxidation reactions of 2-thiouracil: a theoretical and pulse radiolysis study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10712-20. [PMID: 23061532 DOI: 10.1021/jp303808r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) with the nucleic acid base analogue 2-thiouracil (1) has been studied by pulse radiolysis experiments and DFT. The generic intermediate radicals feasible for the (•)OH reactions with 1, namely, one electron oxidation product (1(•+)), (•)OH-adducts (3(•), 4(•), and 5(•)), and H-abstracted radicals (6(•) and 7(•)), were characterized by interpreting their electronic and structural properties along with calculated energetics and UV-vis spectra. Pulse radiolysis experiments showed that the transient formed in the reaction of (•)OH with 1 in water at pH 6.5 has λ(max) at 430 nm. A bimolecular rate constant, k(2) of 9.6 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1), is determined for this reaction via competition kinetics with 2-propanol. The experiments suggested that the transient species could be a dimer radical cation 2(•+), formed by the reaction of 1 with the radical cation 1(•+). For this reaction, an equilibrium constant of 4.7 × 10(3) M(-1) was determined. The transient formed in the reaction of 1 with pulse radiolytically produced Br(2)(•-) at pH 6.5 as well as Cl(2)(•-) at pH 1 has also produced λ(max) at 430 nm and suggested the formation of 2(•+). The calculated UV-vis spectra of the transient species (1(•+), 3(•), 4(•), 5(•), 6(•), and 7(•)) showed no resemblance to the experimental spectra, while that of 2(•+) (λ(max) = 420 nm) agreed well with the experimental value and thus confirmed the formation of 2(•+). The 420 nm peak was due to σ → σ* electronic excitation centered on a 2-center-3-electron (2c-3e) sulfur-sulfur bond [-S∴S-]. 2(•+) is the first reported example of a dimer radical cation in a pyrimidine heterocyclic system. Further, 5-C and 6-C substituted (substituents are -F, -Cl, -NH(2), -N(CH(3))(2), -OCH(3), -CF(3), -CH(3), -CH(2)CH(3), n-propyl, phenyl, and benzyl) and 5,6-disubstituted 2-thiouracil systems have been characterized by DFT and found that the reaction (1 + 1(•+) → 2(•+)) is exergonic (1.12-13.63 kcal/mol) for many of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Prasanthkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
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Marino T, Soriano-Correa C, Russo N. Oxidation Mechanism of Methionine by HO• Radical: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5349-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Dupont C, Dumont É, Jacquemin D. Superior performance of range-separated hybrid functionals for describing σ* ← σ UV-vis signatures of three-electron two-center anions. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3237-46. [PMID: 22376324 DOI: 10.1021/jp211875r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We assess the efficiency of density functionals for the description of UV-vis signatures of temporary anions featuring a three-electron two-center bond, along a representative set of systems ranging from (pseudo)dihalides to disulfide radical anions (dimethyl disulfide and lipoate). While BH&HLYP and B3LYP have been predominantly applied to perform such simulations so far, we outline the significantly improved performance of several recently proposed functionals, including range-separated hybrids for the computation of these specific vertical transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dupont
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Gaikwad P, Priyadarsini KI, Naumov S, Rao BSM. Radiation and quantum chemical studies of chalcone derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7877-85. [PMID: 20617801 DOI: 10.1021/jp103382x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of oxidizing radicals ((*)OH, Br(2)(*-), and SO(4)(*-)) with -OH-, -CH(3)-, or -NH(2)-substituted indole chalcones and hydroxy benzenoid chalcones were studied by radiation and quantum chemical methods. The (*)OH radical was found to react by addition at diffusion-controlled rates (k = 1.1-1.7 x 10(10) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1)), but Br(2)(*-) radical reacted by 2 orders of magnitude lower. Quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory have shown that the (C2-OH)(*), (C11-OH)(*), and (C10-OH)(*) adducts of the indole chalcones and the (C7-OH)(*) and (C8-OH)(*) adducts of the hydroxy benzenoid chalcones are more stable with DeltaH = -39 to -28 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaG = -32 to -19 kcal mol(-1). This suggests that (*)OH addition to the alpha,beta-unsaturated bond is a major reaction channel in both types of chalcones and is barrierless. The stability and lack of dehydration of the (*)OH adducts arise from two factors: strong frontier orbital interaction due to the low energy gap between interacting orbitals and the negligible Coulombic repulsion due to small absolute values of Mulliken charges. The transient absorption spectrum measured in the (*)OH radical reaction with all the indole chalcone derivatives exhibited a maximum at 390 nm, which is in excellent agreement with the computed value (394 nm). The formation of three phenolic products under steady-state radiolysis is in line with the three stable (*)OH adducts predicted by theory. Independent of the substituent, identical spectra (lambda(max) = 330-360 and approximately 580 nm) were obtained on one-electron oxidation of the three indole chalcones. MO calculations predict the deprotonation from the -NH group is more efficient than from the substituent due to the larger electron density on the N1 atom forming the chalcone indolyl radical. Its reduction potential was determined to be 0.56 V from the ABTS(*-)/ABTS(2-) couple. In benzenoid chalcones, the (*)OH adduct spectrum is characterized by a peak at 270 nm and a broad maximum centered in the range 430-450 nm with an intense bleaching at 340 nm. The spectrum formed by electron transfer in these derivatives with lambda(max) = 280 and 380 nm (epsilon(280) = 5000 dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1) and epsilon(380) = 700 dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1)) was assigned to its phenoxyl radical. Our pulse radiolysis experiments in combination with quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that chalcones are efficient scavengers of damaging oxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaikwad
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
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