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Vahdat M, Li S, Huang S, Bondaz L, Bonnet N, Hsu KJ, Marzari N, Agrawal KV. Mechanistic Insights on Functionalization of Graphene with Ozone. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:22015-22022. [PMID: 38024196 PMCID: PMC10658624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of graphene to O3 results in functionalization of its lattice with epoxy, even at room temperature. This reaction is of fundamental interest for precise lattice patterning, however, is not well understood. Herein, using van der Waals density functional theory (vdW-DFT) incorporating spin-polarized calculations, we find that O3 strongly physisorbs on graphene with a binding energy of -0.46 eV. It configures in a tilted position with the two terminal O atoms centered above the neighboring graphene honeycombs. A dissociative chemisorption follows by surpassing an energy barrier of 0.75 eV and grafting an epoxy group on graphene reducing the energy of the system by 0.14 eV from the physisorbed state. Subsequent O3 chemisorption is preferred on the same honeycomb, yielding two epoxy groups separated by a single C-C bridge. We show that capturing the onset of spin in oxygen during chemisorption is crucial. We verify this finding with experiments where an exponential increase in the density of epoxy groups as a function of reaction temperature yields an energy barrier of 0.66 eV, in agreement with the DFT prediction. These insights will help efforts to obtain precise patterning of the graphene lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Tohidi Vahdat
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Shaoxian Li
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Luc Bondaz
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Nicéphore Bonnet
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kuang-Jung Hsu
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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DFT study of arsine (AsH3) gas adsorption on pristine, Stone-Wales-defected, and Fe-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Anafcheh M, Naderi F, Zahedi M. Incorporation of topological defects and atomic impurities on the carbon nanotube surface: A DFT study of AD-dimer defects. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Naderi
- Department of Chemistry; Shahr-e-Qods Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mansour Zahedi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
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Lalitha M, Lakshmipathi S. Gas adsorption efficacy of graphene sheets functionalised with carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups in conjunction with Stone–Thrower–Wales (STW) and inverse Stone–Thrower–Wales (ISTW) defects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30895-30913. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06900f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The complete reduction of graphene oxide is difficult to achieve, and hence oxygen-containing functional groups do exist in graphene, along with structural defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Lalitha
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore-641 046
- India
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Ghafouri R, Ektefa F. Functionalization of carbon ad-dimer defective single-walled carbon nanotubes through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: a DFT study. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-014-0507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kiuchi H, Niwa H, Kobayashi M, Harada Y, Oshima M, Chokai M, Nabae Y, Kuroki S, Kakimoto MA, Ikeda T, Terakura K, Miyata S. Study on the oxygen adsorption property of nitrogen-containing metal-free carbon-based cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Leonor Contreras M, Avila D, Alvarez J, Rozas R. Computational algorithms for fast-building 3D carbon nanotube models with defects. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 38:389-95. [PMID: 23085180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Algorithms for generating defective carbon nanotubes have been developed and implemented in software. The algorithms were designed to create arrays of carbon atoms that form layers and interconnect. The parameters for construction were the following: Hamada indices that respond to topology (armchair, zigzag or chiral nanotubes) and diameter, the saturated or unsaturated nature of the nanotube, the length and, most importantly, the presence of defects that can be built individually or repetitively by rotating bonds, removing atoms, or adding additional carbon atoms. The output was written in a standard, exportable file format that contained atomic coordinates useful for further computational chemistry work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leonor Contreras
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Usach, Avda. L. B. O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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Russell J, Zapol P, Král P, Curtiss LA. Methane bond activation by Pt and Pd subnanometer clusters supported on graphene and carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang DL, Xu HL, Su ZM, Muhammad S, Hou DY. Probing the chemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with multiple carbon ad-dimer defects. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1232-9. [PMID: 22302701 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Drying-tube-shaped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with multiple carbon ad-dimer (CD) defects are obtained from armchair (n,n,m) SWCNTs (n=4, 5, 6, 7, 8; m=7, 13). According to the isolated-pentagon rule (IPR) the drying-tube-shaped SWCNTs are unstable non-IPR species, and their hydrogenated, fluorinated, and chlorinated derivatives are investigated. Interestingly, chemisorptions of hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine atoms on the drying tube-shaped SWCNTs are exothermic processes. Compared to the reaction energies for binding of H, F, and Cl atoms to perfect and Stone-Wales-defective armchair (5,5) nanotubes, binding of F with the multiply CD defective SWCNTs is stronger than with perfect and Stone-Wales-defective nanotubes. The reaction energy for per F(2) addition is between 85 and 88 kcal mol(-1) more negative than that per H(2) addition. Electronic structure analysis of their energy gaps shows that the CD defects have a tendency to decrease the energy gap from 1.98-2.52 to 0.80-1.17 eV. After hydrogenation, fluorination, and chlorination, the energy gaps of the drying-tube-shaped SWCNTs with multiple CD defects are substantially increased to 1.65-3.85 eV. Furthermore, analyses of thermodynamic stability and nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) are performed to analyze the stability of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lai Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, P. R. China
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Density functional investigation of hydrogen gas adsorption on Fe-doped pristine and Stone-Wales defected single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3941-9. [PMID: 22431225 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The adsorptions of hydrogen molecule of the Fe - doped pristine and Stone - Wales defected armchair (5,5) single - walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) compared with the pristine SWCNT were investigated by using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. The doping of Fe atom into SWCNTs occurring via an exothermic process was found. The adsorptions of hydrogen molecule on the Fe - doped structures of either perfect or SW defected SWCNTs are stronger than on their corresponding undoped structures. The structural and electronic properties of the pristine and SW defected SWCNTs, their Fe - doped structures and their hydrogen molecule adsorptions are reported.
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Wang DL, Xu HL, Hu YY, Su ZM. Comparative study of the electrostatic potential of perfect and defective single-walled carbon nanotubes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Chen W, Li Y, Yu G, Zhou Z, Chen Z. Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Boron Nitride Nanoribbons with Stone-Wales Defects. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:3088-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900388x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Institute of Scientific Computing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China, and The State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Institute of Scientific Computing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China, and The State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Guangtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Institute of Scientific Computing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China, and The State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Institute of Scientific Computing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China, and The State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Institute of Scientific Computing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China, and The State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P.R. China
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Tsetseris L, Pantelides ST. Adsorbate-Induced Defect Formation and Annihilation on Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:941-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809228p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Sokrates T. Pantelides
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
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Habenicht BF, Kalugin ON, Prezhdo OV. Ab initio study of phonon-induced dephasing of electronic excitations in narrow graphene nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2510-2516. [PMID: 18646832 DOI: 10.1021/nl801556n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational dephasing of the lowest energy electronic excitations in the perfect (16,16) graphene nanoribbon (GNR) and those with the C2-bond insertion and rotation defects is studied with ab initio molecular dynamics. Compared to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of similar size, GNRs shows very different properties. The dephasing in the ideal GNR occurs twice faster than that in the SWCNTs. It is induced primarily by the 1300 cm (-1) disorder mode seen in bulk graphite rather than by the 1600 cm (-1) C-C stretching mode as in SWCNTs. In contrast to SWCNTs, defects exhibit weaker electron-phonon coupling compared to the ideal system. Therefore, defects should present much less of a practical problem in GNRs compared to SWCNTs. The predicted optical line widths can be tested experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley F Habenicht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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