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Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques for Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Foti A, Venkatesan S, Lebental B, Zucchi G, Ossikovski R. Comparing Commercial Metal-Coated AFM Tips and Home-Made Bulk Gold Tips for Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Polymer Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030451. [PMID: 35159798 PMCID: PMC8840094 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the high specificity and sensitivity of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy. TERS has gained a lot of attention from many nanoscience fields, since this technique can provide chemical and structural information of surfaces and interfaces with nanometric spatial resolution. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are very versatile nanostructures that can be dispersed in organic solvents or polymeric matrices, giving rise to new nanocomposite materials, showing improved mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Moreover, MWCNTs can be easily functionalized with polymers in order to be employed as specific chemical sensors. In this context, TERS is strategic, since it can provide useful information on the cooperation of the two components at the nanoscale for the optimization of the macroscopic properties of the hybrid material. Nevertheless, efficient TERS characterization relies on the geometrical features and material composition of the plasmonic tip used. In this work, after comparing the TERS performance of commercial Ag coated nanotips and home-made bulk Au tips on bare MWCNTs, we show how TERS can be exploited for characterizing MWCNTs mixed with conjugated fluorene copolymers, thus contributing to the understanding of the polymer/CNT interaction process at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Foti
- CNR—IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
| | - Suriya Venkatesan
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bérengère Lebental
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- COSYS-LISIS, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Gaël Zucchi
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Razvigor Ossikovski
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
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Fan J, Li G, Deng S, Deng C, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Effect of Carbon Nanotube and Styrene-Acrylic Emulsion Additives on Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of Cement Paste. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122807. [PMID: 32580334 PMCID: PMC7345334 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the ideal modifiers of cement materials, since CNTs can improve the mechanical properties of cement paste effectively. However, the interfacial interaction between CNTs and the cement matrix is weak. Moreover, it is difficult to disperse CNTs within cement paste. To overcome these shortages, in this study, CNTs were firstly dispersed into a styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE). Then the homo-dispersion CNT/SAE emulsion was incorporated into cement paste. The effect of the CNT/SAE hybrid-system on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cement paste was studied. For purposes of comparison, the properties of cement paste mono incorporating CNTs or SAE are also investigated. The results show that CNT/SAE network films could be observed in cement paste by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). These network films could bridge the cracks and refine the pores of a cement matrix. Infrared analysis and Raman spectroscopy show that the CNT/SAE hybrid modifier has stronger interfacial adhesion and better load transfer ability over the mono adding of CNTs and SAE emulsion. As a result, the hybrid addition of CNT/SAE significantly improved the flexural strength of cement paste. Especially, the addition of 0.1% CNTs and 15% SAE by mass of cement improved the 28-day flexural strength of cement paste by 21% and 25% as compared to the mono addition of CNTs or SAE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.F.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Gengying Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-2303-9690
| | - Sijie Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.F.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chengwei Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.F.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongkun Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.F.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (Z.Z.)
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Caruntu D, Kavey B, Paul S, Bas AC, Rotaru A, Caruntu G. Dielectric properties of solution-processed BaTiO3–styrene butadiene styrene nanocomposite films. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer–ceramic nanocomposite films comprising ceramic nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix (0–3 composites) have garnered increasing interest due to their superior performance characteristics, and can be used in flexible modern electronics and energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caruntu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Central Michigan University
- Mount Pleasant
- USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and MANSID Research Center
| | - Benard Kavey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Central Michigan University
- Mount Pleasant
- USA
- Science of Advanced Materials Program
| | - Suporna Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Central Michigan University
- Mount Pleasant
- USA
| | - Alin Ciprian Bas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and MANSID Research Center
- “Stefan Cel Mare” University
- Romania
| | - Aurelian Rotaru
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and MANSID Research Center
- “Stefan Cel Mare” University
- Romania
| | - Gabriel Caruntu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Central Michigan University
- Mount Pleasant
- USA
- Science of Advanced Materials Program
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Bokobza L. Spectroscopic Techniques for the Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:polym10010007. [PMID: 30966046 PMCID: PMC6415100 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing interest in nanocomposites, a molecular characterization of these materials is essential for the understanding of their properties and for the development of new materials. Spectroscopic techniques that bring information at a molecular level are unavoidable when characterizing polymers, fillers and composites. Selected examples of the application of fluorescence, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared and Raman spectroscopies, illustrate the potential of these techniques for the analysis of the filler surface, the evaluation of the state of filler dispersion in the host matrix, the extent of interaction between the polymer and the filler particles or the dynamics of polymer chains at the polymer–filler interface.
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Two-color resonant two-photon ionization and mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of 4-chlorostyrene. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Singh MK, Kumar Y, Hashmi SA. 'Bucky gel' of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as electrodes for high performance, flexible electric double layer capacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:465704. [PMID: 24157648 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/46/465704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation of a gelled form of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (BMPTFSI)), referred to as 'bucky gel', to be used as binderless electrodes in electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The characteristics of gelled MWCNTs are compared with pristine MWCNTs using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Raman studies. A gel polymer electrolyte film consisting of a blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and BMPTFSI, exhibiting a room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.5 × 10(-3) S cm(-1), shows its suitability as an electrolyte/separator in flexible EDLCs. The performance of EDLCs, assembled with bucky gel electrodes, using impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge analyses, are compared with those fabricated with pristine MWCNT-electrodes. An improvement in specific capacitance (from 19.6 to 51.3 F g(-1)) is noted when pristine MWCNTs are replaced by gelled MWCNT-binderless electrodes. Although the rate performance of the EDLCs with gelled MWCNT-electrodes is reduced, the pulse power of the device is sufficiently high (~10.5 kW kg(-1)). The gelled electrodes offer improvements in energy and power densities from 2.8 to 8.0 Wh kg(-1) and 2.0 to 4.7 kW kg(-1), respectively. Studies indicate that the gel formation of MWCNTs with ionic liquid is an excellent route to obtain high-performance EDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Yan X, Suzuki T, Kitahama Y, Sato H, Itoh T, Ozaki Y. A study on the interaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and polystyrene (PS) at the interface in SWCNT–PS nanocomposites using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20618-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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