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Brzeski J. Can H 2 be Superacidic? A Computational Study of Triel-Bonded Brønsted Acids. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5009-5020. [PMID: 38869476 PMCID: PMC11215784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The abundance of XIII group element compounds in science and industry together with their electron-deficient character gives rise to their influence on properties of the systems they interact with. This paper is an attempt to assess the strength, nature, and effect of formation of a triel bond on acidity. A wide set of Brønsted acids among others comprising hydrocarbons, halogen hydrides, and amines bonded with B, Al, and Ga trifluorides forming HX/TF3 was selected for the research. Various computational approaches (e.g., MP2, GFN2-xTB, SAPT2 + 3(CCD)δMP2, quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis, and density overlap regions indicator) are used to describe the triel-bonded systems. Among other things, it was found that the electrostatics may not be the dominant contribution to the triel binding in some cases. Additionally, it was established that even weak Brønsted acids such as C2H2 or H2 may be superacidic if bonded to a Lewis acid (TF3) that is strong enough. The calculations indicate a significant covalent character of some of the studied HX/TF3 triel-bonded systems. Moreover, the effect of solvation of HX with TF3 as well as that of the reverse process on the acidity of the resulting system is thoroughly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brzeski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
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2
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Raju S, Singh HB, Kumar S, Butcher RJ. Coordination Behavior of the Tellurium Incorporated Mercuraazametallamacrocycle and Investigation of d 10 ⋅⋅⋅d 10 Interactions between Closed Shell (Ag + Hg 2+ ) Metal Ions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301322. [PMID: 37317647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new tellurium and mercury containing mercuraazametallamacrocycle has been prepared via (2+2) condensation of bis(o-aminophenyl)telluride and bis(o-formylphenyl)mercury(II). The isolated bright yellow solid of mercuraazametallamacrocycle has adopted unsymmetrical figure-of-eight conformation in the crystal structure. To study the metallophilic interactions between closed shell metal ions, the macrocyclic ligand has been treated with two equiv. of AgOTf (OTf=trifluoromethansulfonate) and AgBF4 , which afforded greenish-yellow bimetallic silver complexes. The isolated silver complexes displayed intramolecular Hg⋅⋅⋅Ag, Te⋅⋅⋅Ag interactions as well as intermolecular Hg⋅⋅⋅Hg interactions and formed an extended 1D molecular chain by directing six atoms to interact as TeII ⋅⋅⋅AgI ⋅⋅⋅HgII ⋅⋅⋅HgII ⋅⋅⋅AgI ⋅⋅⋅TeII in a non linear fashion. The Hg⋅⋅⋅Ag, Te⋅⋅⋅Ag interactions have also been studied in solution by 199 Hg, 125 Te NMR spectroscopy, absorption, and emission spectroscopy. In DFT calculations, the Atom in Molecule (AIM) analysis, non-covalent interactions (NCI), natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis strongly supported for experimental evidences and revealed that the intermolecular Hg⋅⋅⋅Hg interaction is stronger than the intramolecular Hg⋅⋅⋅Ag interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal Bhauri By-pass Road, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Harkesh B Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal Bhauri By-pass Road, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ray J Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 20059, USA
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3
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Mebs S. In Silico Partial N 2 to NH 3 Conversion with a Light Atom Molecule. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200621. [PMID: 36416275 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N2 can be stepwise converted in silico into one molecule NH3 and a secondary amide with a bond activator molecule consisting only of light main group elements. The proposed N2 -activating pincer-related compound carries a silyl ion (Si(+) ) center as well as three Lewis acidic (-BF2 ) and three Lewis basic (-PMe2 ) sites, providing an efficient binding pocket for gaseous N2 within the framework of intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP). In addition, it exhibits supportive secondary P-B and F⋅⋅⋅B contacts, which stabilize the structure. In the PSi(+) -N-N-BP environment the N≡N triple bond is extended from 1.09 Å to remarkable 1.43 Å, resembling a N-N single bond. The strongly activated N-N-fragment is prone to subsequent hydride addition and protonation steps, resulting in the energy efficient transfer of two hydrogen equivalents. The next hydride added causes the release of one molecule NH3 , but leaves the ligand system as poisoned R3 Si(+) -NH2 -PMe2 or R3 Si(+) -NH3 dead-end states behind. The study indicates that approximately tetrahedral constrained SiBP2 -pockets are capable to activate N2 , whereas the acid-rich SiB3 - and SiB2 P-pocktes, as well as the base-rich SiP3 -pockets fail, hinting towards the high relevance of the acid-base proportion and relative orientation. The electronic structure of the N2 -activated state is compared to the corresponding state of a recently published peri-substituted bond activator molecule featuring a PSi(+) -N-N-Si(+) P site (S. Mebs, J. Beckmann, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2022, 24, 20953-20967).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Mebs S, Beckmann J. In silico activation of dinitrogen with a light atom molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20953-20967. [PMID: 35993454 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NN triple bond can be cleaved in silico with a light atom molecule containing only the earth abundant elements C, H, Si, and P. Extensive density functional theory (DFT) computations on various classes of peri-substituted scaffolds containing Lewis acidic and basic sites in the framework of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) indicate that the presence of two silyl cations and two P atoms in a flexible but not too flexible arrangement is essential for energy efficient N2-activation. The non-bonding lone-pair electrons of the P atoms thereby serve as donors towards N2, whereas the lone-pairs of N2 donate into the silyl cations. Newly formed lone-pair basins in the N2-adducts balance surplus charge. Thereby, the N-N bond distance is increased by astonishing 0.3 Å, from 1.1 Å in N2 gas to 1.4 Å in the adduct, which makes this bond prone to subsequent addition of hydride ions and protonation, forming two secondary amine sites in the process and eventually breaking the NN triple bond. Potential formation of dead-end states, in which the dications ("active states") aversively form a Lewis acid (LA)-Lewis base (LB) bond, or in which the LA and LB sites are too far away from each other to be able to capture N2, are problematic but might be circumvented by proper choice of spacer molecules, such as acenaphthalene or biphenylene, and the ligands attached to the LA and LB atoms, such as phenyl or mesityl, and by purging the reaction solutions with gaseous N2 in the initial reaction steps. Charge redistributions via N2-activation and splitting were monitored by a variety of real-space bonding indicators (RSBIs) derived from the calculated electron and electron pair densities, which provided valuable insight into the bonding situation within the different reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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5
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Duvinage D, Janssen M, Lork E, Grützmacher H, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Kinetic Stabilization of Heavier Bis(m‐terphenyl)pnictogen Phosphaethynolates. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jens Beckmann
- Universität Bremen Institut fuer Biologie und Chemie Leobener Str. 28359 Bremen GERMANY
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6
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Duvinage D, Puylaert P, Wieduwilt EK, Malaspina LA, Edwards AJ, Lork E, Mebs S, Hupf E, Grabowsky S, Beckmann J. Nickel and Palladium Complexes of a PP(O)P Pincer Ligand Based upon a peri-Substituted Acenaphthyl Scaffold and a Secondary Phosphine Oxide. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8406-8418. [PMID: 35609007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A PP(O)P pincer ligand based upon a peri-substituted acenaphthyl (Ace) scaffold and a secondary phosphine oxide, (5-Ph2P-Ace-6-)2P(O)H, was prepared and fully characterized including a neutron diffraction study. The reaction with [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2 and PdCl2 produced ionic metal(II) complexes [κ3-P,P',P''((5-Ph2P-Ace-6-)2P(OH))MCl]Cl, which upon addition of Et3N gave rise to zwitterionic metal(II) complexes κ3-P,P',P''((5-Ph2P-Ace-6-)2P(O))MCl (M = Ni, Pd). The reaction with Ni(COD)2 (COD = cyclooctadiene) provided the η3-cyclooctenyl Ni(II) complex κ3-P,P',P''((5-Ph2P-Ace-6-)2P(O))Ni(η3-C8H13). A detailed complementary bonding analysis of the P-H, P-O, and P-M interactions was carried out (M = Ni, Pd).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Pim Puylaert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Erna K Wieduwilt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany.,CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Theoriques (LPCT), Université de Lorraine, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz, France
| | - Lorraine A Malaspina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany.,Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, Sydney 2234, Australia
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany.,Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 3 & 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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7
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Duvinage D, Janssen M, Lork E, Grützmacher H, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Heavier Bis(m-terphenyl)element phosphaethynolates of Group 13. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7622-7629. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00907b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of the heavier group 13 phosphaketene complexes (2,6-Mes2C6H3)2EPCO (1, E = Ga; 2, E = In) were reported. The reaction of 1 and 2 with 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolin-2-ylidene,...
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8
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Sagaama A, Issaoui N, Al-Dossary O, Kazachenko AS, Wojcik M. Non covalent interactions and molecular docking studies on morphine compound. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Holsten S, Malaspina LA, Kleemiss F, Mebs S, Hupf E, Grabowsky S, Beckmann J. Different Reactivities of (5-Ph2P-Ace-6-)2MeSiH toward the Rhodium(I) Chlorides [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 and [(CO)2RhCl]2. Hirshfeld Atom Refinement of a Rh–H···Si Interaction. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Holsten
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lorraine A. Malaspina
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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10
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Meyer F, Hupf E, Lork E, Grabowsky S, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Bis(6‐diphenylphosphino‐acenaphth‐5‐yl)sulfoxide: A New Ligand for Late Transition Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 3 und 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 3 und 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 3 und 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 3 und 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 3 und 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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11
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Synthesis, Structure and Bonding Analysis of the Zwitterionic PPP-Pincer Complex (6-Ph2P-Ace-5-)2P(O)AuCl2. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10070564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of (6-Ph2P-Ace-5-)2P(O)H with (tht)AuCl3 proceeds via elimination of tetrahydrothiophene (tht) and HCl, providing the zwitterionic PPP-pincer complex (6-Ph2P-Ace-5-)2P(O)AuCl2 (1) as yellow crystals. The molecular structure of 1 was established and studied by X-ray crystallography. The electronic structure was computationally analyzed using a comprehensive set of real-space bonding indicators derived from electron and electron-pair densities, providing insight into the relative contributions of covalent and non-covalent forces to the polar-covalent Au–Cl, Au–P, and P–O− bonds; the latter being one of the textbook cases for strongly polarized covalent interactions. Partial spatial complementarity between both bonding aspects is suggested by the electronic properties of the distinctively different Au–Cl bonds.
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12
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Novák M, Dostál L, Růžičková Z, Mebs S, Beckmann J, Jambor R. From Monomeric Tin(II) Hydride to Nonsymmetric Distannyne. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Novák
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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13
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Mostaghimi F, Lork E, Hong I, Roemmele TL, Boeré RT, Mebs S, Beckmann J. The reaction of phenoxatellurine with single-electron oxidizers revisited. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Baking Pancakes: Dicationic products of the single-electron oxidation of phenoxatellurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Mostaghimi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Intek Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Lethbridge
- Lethbridge
- Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Tracey L. Roemmele
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Lethbridge
- Lethbridge
- Canada T1K 3M4
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Lethbridge
- Lethbridge
- Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
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14
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Olaru M, Krupke S, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Transmetallation of bis(6-diphenylphosphinoxy-acenapth-5-yl)mercury with tin tetrachloride, antimony trichloride and bismuth trichloride. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5585-5594. [PMID: 30942221 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure of well-defined arylelement chlorides RSnCl4, RSnCl3·THF, RSbCl2, RSbCl2·THF and RBiCl2 is reported (R = 6-diphenylphosphinoxy-acenapth-5-yl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Sandra Krupke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
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15
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Stöhr M, Van Voorhis T, Tkatchenko A. Theory and practice of modeling van der Waals interactions in electronic-structure calculations. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4118-4154. [PMID: 31190037 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The accurate description of long-range electron correlation, most prominently including van der Waals (vdW) dispersion interactions, represents a particularly challenging task in the modeling of molecules and materials. vdW forces arise from the interaction of quantum-mechanical fluctuations in the electronic charge density. Within (semi-)local density functional approximations or Hartree-Fock theory such interactions are neglected altogether. Non-covalent vdW interactions, however, are ubiquitous in nature and play a key role for the understanding and accurate description of the stability, dynamics, structure, and response properties in a plethora of systems. During the last decade, many promising methods have been developed for modeling vdW interactions in electronic-structure calculations. These methods include vdW-inclusive Density Functional Theory and correlated post-Hartree-Fock approaches. Here, we focus on the methods within the framework of Density Functional Theory, including non-local van der Waals density functionals, interatomic dispersion models within many-body and pairwise formulation, and random phase approximation-based approaches. This review aims to guide the reader through the theoretical foundations of these methods in a tutorial-style manner and, in particular, highlight practical aspects such as the applicability and the advantages and shortcomings of current vdW-inclusive approaches. In addition, we give an overview of complementary experimental approaches, and discuss tools for the qualitative understanding of non-covalent interactions as well as energy decomposition techniques. Besides representing a reference for the current state-of-the-art, this work is thus also designed as a concise and detailed introduction to vdW-inclusive electronic structure calculations for a general and broad audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stöhr
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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16
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Kutter F, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Intramolecular P–H···H–Si Dihydrogen Bonding in the 5-Dimethylsilyl-9,9-dimethylxanthen-4-yl-diphenylphosphonium Cation. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kutter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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17
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Mebs S, Kalläne SI, Braun T. Hapticity of asymmetric rhodium-allyl compounds in the light of real-space bonding indicators. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2017-2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRhodium boryl complexes are valuable catalysts for hydro- or diboration reactions of alkenes, but can also react with ketones (R2C=O) and imines (R2C=NR′) giving rise to insertion products having formally Rh–R2C–O/NR′–B linkages. The resulting molecular structures, however, may show complex metal–ligand and ligand–ligand interaction patterns with often unclear metal–ligand connectivities (hapticities, ηn). In order to assign the correct hapticity in a set of asymmetric rhodium-allyl compounds with molecular structures indicating η1−5bonding, a comprehensive DFT study was conducted. The study comprises determination of a variety of real-space bonding indicators derived from computed electron and pair densities according to the AIM, ELI-D, NCI, and DORI topological and surface approaches, which uncover the metal–ligand connectivties and suggest an asymmetric ligand–metal donation/metal–ligand back-donation framework according to the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimalle 14 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany , Tel.: +493083856084
| | - Sabrina Imke Kalläne
- Institut für Chemie , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Institut für Chemie , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
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18
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Luger P, Dittrich B, Mebs S, Slawin AM, Leigh DA. Analysis of two [2]catenanes based on electron densities from invariom refinement and results from DFT calculations. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Catenanes are of considerable interest as potential building blocks for molecular machines. The simplest [2]catenanes, Hopf links, consist of two macrocycles that are mechanically interlocked. This unusual architecture cannot be opened without breaking at least one covalent bond. Based on these structural characteristics, unusual properties on Hirshfeld or electrostatic potential surfaces could be expected. For a comparison of their structural and electronic properties, the electron densities (EDs) of two [2]catenanes, coded H22 and H4L7 in the original papers, were examined after application of the invariom formalism, relying on X-ray diffraction data collected earlier. The obtained electron density distributions were subjected to an analysis using the QTAIM formalism to yield bond and atomic properties. Moreover, molecular Hirshfeld surfaces and electrostatic potentials (ESP) were calculated. There are different types of intra- and intermolecular interactions in these two [2]catenanes. In addition to classical N–H···N and C–H···O hydrogen bonds, various types of π···π interactions in H22 and in H4L7 exist. Most of them are verified by local ED concentrations visible on the corresponding Hirshfeld surfaces, except for the parallel π···π interactions in H22, which are either too weak or too diffuse to generate an ED signal on the Hirshfeld surface between the contributing aromatic rings. The electrostatic potentials (ESPs) were calculated and displayed on molecular surfaces. The interaction in the cavity of one macrocycle with the penetrated fragment of the second one was examined and it was found that corresponding to the above-mentioned contacts attractive and repulsive interactions exist. Additionally the ED was examined using results of density functional calculations, including non-covalent interaction index (NCI) and electron localizability indicator (ELI-D) surface analysis, complementing experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Luger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Fabeckstraße 36a , Berlin D-14195 , Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1 , Düsseldorf D-40225 , Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimalle 14 , Berlin D-14195 , Germany
| | - Alexandra M.Z. Slawin
- School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews, Purdie Building , St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester, Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK
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Vannay L, Meyer B, Petraglia R, Sforazzini G, Ceriotti M, Corminboeuf C. Analyzing Fluxional Molecules Using DORI. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2370-2379. [PMID: 29570294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Density Overlap Region Indicator (DORI) is a density-based scalar field that reveals covalent bonding patterns and noncovalent interactions in the same value range. This work goes beyond the traditional static quantum chemistry use of scalar fields and illustrates the suitability of DORI for analyzing geometrical and electronic signatures in highly fluxional molecular systems. Examples include a dithiocyclophane, which possesses multiple local minima with differing extents of π-stacking interactions and a temperature dependent rotation of a molecular rotor, where the descriptor is employed to capture fingerprints of CH-π and π-π interactions. Finally, DORI serves to examine the fluctuating π-conjugation pathway of a photochromic torsional switch (PTS). Attention is also placed on postprocessing the large amount of generated data and juxtaposing DORI with a data-driven low-dimensional representation of the structural landscape.
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20
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Wohltmann W, Mostaghimi F, Bolsinger J, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Synthesis and halogenation of bis(8-methoxynaphthyl)ditelluride. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Hejda M, Lork E, Mebs S, Dostál L, Beckmann J. Intramolecularly Coordinated 2‐Iminomethylphenyltellurium Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hejda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice Studentská 573 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice Studentská 573 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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23
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de Lima Batista AP, de Oliveira-Filho AGS, Galembeck SE. CO2
Sequestration by Triazolylidene-Derived N-Heterocyclic Olefins: A Computational Study. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. de Lima Batista
- Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Filosofia; Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto - SP Brazil
| | - Antonio G. S. de Oliveira-Filho
- Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Filosofia; Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto - SP Brazil
| | - Sérgio E. Galembeck
- Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Filosofia; Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto - SP Brazil
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24
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Hupf E, Do TG, Nordheider A, Wehrhahn M, Sanz Camacho P, Ashbrook SE, Lork E, Slawin AMZ, Mebs S, Woollins JD, Beckmann J. Selective Oxidation and Functionalization of 6-Diphenylphosphinoacenaphthyl-5-tellurenyl Species 6-Ph2P-Ace-5-TeX (X = Mes, Cl, O3SCF3). Various Types of P–E···Te(II,IV) Bonding Situations (E = O, S, Se). Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Hupf
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Truong Giang Do
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nordheider
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, St Andrews, U.K
| | - Maren Wehrhahn
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Paula Sanz Camacho
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, St Andrews, U.K
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, St Andrews, U.K
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, St Andrews, U.K
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, St Andrews, U.K
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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25
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Vannay L, Brémond E, de Silva P, Corminboeuf C. Visualizing and Quantifying Interactions in the Excited State. Chemistry 2016; 22:18442-18449. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vannay
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Eric Brémond
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- CompuNet; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Piotr de Silva
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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26
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Hupf E, Kather R, Vogt M, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Role of Dispersion in Metallophilic Hg···M Interactions (M = Cu, Ag, Au) within Coinage Metal Complexes of Bis(6-diphenylphosphinoacenaphth-5-yl)mercury. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11513-11521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kather
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für
Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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