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Ranscht A, Rigodanza F, Gobbato T, Crea I, Quadrelli EA, Canivet J, Bonchio M. Combined Covalent and Supramolecular Polymerization to Reinforce Perylenebisimide Photosynthetic "Quantasomes". Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303784. [PMID: 38289975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PSII-inspired quantasomes have emerged as promising artificial photosystems evolving oxygen from water due to their integrated multi-chromophore asset, hierarchical architecture, and efficient light-harvesting capabilities. In this study, we adopt a combined covalent and supramolecular strategy by implementing a poly-styrene backbone that reinforces proximity and pairing between adjacent perylenebisimide (PBI) quantasome units. The covalent fixation of the quantasome network results in a significant enhancement of the photoelectrocatalytic performance on engineered IO-ITO photoanodes, with up to 290 % photocurrent increase (J up to 100 μA cm-2, λ >450 nm, applied bias <1.23 V vs RHE, F.E.O2 >80 %) compared to the non-polymerized analog. Moreover, the direct PBI-quantasome polymerization on the photoanode surface was performed by light irradiation of the radical initiator 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine), improving the photoelectrode robustness under high solar irradiance (>8 suns) and limiting the photocurrent loss (<20 %) at 1.52 V vs RHE compared to the non-polymerized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ranscht
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Francesco Rigodanza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Crea
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jerome Canivet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium on Materials Science and Technology, INSTM UdR Padova and Institute of Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR UoS Padova, Via Marzolo 1 Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Powell D, Whittaker-Brooks L. Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2026-2052. [PMID: 35670455 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-doping is an essential method of increasing carrier concentrations in organic electronics that eliminates the need to tailor host-dopant miscibility, a necessary step when employing molecular dopants. Self-n-doping can be accomplished using amines or ammonium counterions as an electron source, which are being incorporated into an ever-increasingly diverse range of organic materials spanning many applications. Self-n-doped materials have demonstrated exemplary and, in many cases, benchmark performances in a variety of applications. However, an in-depth review of the method is lacking. Perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores are an important mainstay in the semiconductor literature with well-known structure-function characteristics and are also one of the most widely utilized scaffolds for self-n-doping. In this review, we describe the unique properties of self-n-doped PDIs, delineate structure-function relationships, and discuss self-n-doped PDI performance in a range of applications. In particular, the impact of amine/ammonium incorporation into the PDI scaffold on doping efficiency is reviewed with regard to attachment mode, tether distance, counterion selection, and steric encumbrance. Self-n-doped PDIs are a unique set of PDI structural derivatives whose properties are amenable to a broad range of applications such as biochemistry, solar energy conversion, thermoelectric modules, batteries, and photocatalysis. Finally, we discuss challenges and the future outlook of self-n-doping principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
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3
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Gobbato T, Rigodanza F, Benazzi E, Costa P, Garrido M, Sartorel A, Prato M, Bonchio M. Enhancing Oxygenic Photosynthesis by Cross-Linked Perylenebisimide "Quantasomes". J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14021-14025. [PMID: 35881505 PMCID: PMC9376926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the natural-born photoelectrolyzer for oxygen delivery, photosystem II (PSII) is hardly replicated with man-made constructs. However, building on the "quantasome" hypothesis ( Science 1964, 144, 1009-1011), PSII mimicry can be pared down to essentials by shaping a photocatalytic ensemble (from the Greek term "soma" = body) where visible-light quanta trigger water oxidation. PSII-inspired quantasomes (QS) readily self-assemble into hierarchical photosynthetic nanostacks, made of bis-cationic perylenebisimides (PBI2+) as chromophores and deca-anionic tetraruthenate polyoxometalates (Ru4POM) as water oxidation catalysts ( Nat. Chem. 2019, 11, 146-153). A combined supramolecular and click-chemistry strategy is used herein to interlock the PBI-QS with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) cross-linkers, yielding QS-TEGlock with increased water solvation, controlled growth, and up to a 340% enhancement of the oxygenic photocurrent compared to the first generation QS, as probed on 3D-inverse opal indium tin oxide electrodes at 8.5 sun irradiance (λ > 450 nm, 1.28 V vs RHE applied bias, TOFmax = 0.096 ± 0.005 s-1, FEO2 > 95%). Action spectra, catalyst mass-activity, light-management, photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) together with Raman mapping of TEG-templated hydration shells point to a key role of the cross-linked PBI/Ru4POM nanoarrays, where the interplay of hydrophilic/hydrophobic domains is reminiscent of PSII-rich natural thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Benazzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, INSTM UdR, Padova, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Costa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, INSTM UdR, Padova, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane, ITM-CNR, UoS di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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4
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Bettini S, Syrgiannis Z, Ottolini M, Bonfrate V, Giancane G, Valli L, Prato M. Supramolecular Chiral Discrimination of D-Phenylalanine Amino Acid Based on a Perylene Bisimide Derivative. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:160. [PMID: 32195240 PMCID: PMC7064719 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between homochiral substituted perylene bisimide (PBI) molecule and the D enantiomer of phenylalanine amino acid was monitored. Spectroscopic transitions of PBI derivative in aqueous solution in the visible range were used to evaluate the presence of D-phenylalanine. UV-visible, fluorescence, FT-IR, and AFM characterizations showed that D-phenylalanine induces significant variations in the chiral perylene derivative aggregation state and the mechanism is enantioselective as a consequence of the 3D analyte structure. The interaction mechanism was further investigated in presence of interfering amino acid (D-serine and D-histidine) confirming that both chemical structure and its 3D structure play a crucial role for the amino acid discrimination. A D-phenylalanine fluorescence sensor based on perylene was proposed. A limit of detection (LOD) of 64.2 ± 0.38 nM was calculated in the range 10-7-10-5 M and of 1.53 ± 0.89 μM was obtained in the range 10-5 and 10-3 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department of Innovation Engineering, Campus University Ecotekne, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Florence, Italy
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Ottolini
- Department of Innovation Engineering, Campus University Ecotekne, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonfrate
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Florence, Italy
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Semeraro P, Syrgiannis Z, Bettini S, Giancane G, Guerra F, Fraix A, Bucci C, Sortino S, Prato M, Valli L. Singlet oxygen photo-production by perylene bisimide derivative Langmuir-Schaefer films for photodynamic therapy applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:390-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bettini S, Syrgiannis Z, Pagano R, D Ord Ević L, Salvatore L, Prato M, Giancane G, Valli L. Perylene Bisimide Aggregates as Probes for Subnanomolar Discrimination of Aromatic Biogenic Amines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17079-17089. [PMID: 30978000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perylene bisimide derivatives show peculiar physical chemical features, such as a highly conjugated system, high extinction coefficients and elevated fluorescence quantum yields, making them suitable for the development of optical sensors of compounds of interest. In particular, they are characterized by the tendency to aggregate into π-π stacked supramolecular structures. In this contribution, the behavior of the PBI derivative N, N'-bis(2-(trimethylammonium)ethylene)perylene bisimide dichloride was investigated both in aqueous solution and on solid support. The electronic communication between PBI aggregates and biogenic amines was exploited in order to discriminate aromatic amines down to subnanomolar concentrations by observing PBI fluorescence variations in the presence of various amines and at different concentrations. The experimental findings were corroborated by density functional theory calculations. In particular, phenylethylamine and tyramine were demonstrated to be selectively detected down to 10-10 M concentration. Then, in order to develop a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device, PBI was deposited onto a SPR support by means of the layer-by-layer method. PBI was deposited in the aggregated form and was demonstrated to preserve the capability to discriminate, selectively and with an outstanding analytical sensitivity, tyramine in the vapor phase and even if mixed with other aromatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation , Campus University Ecotekne , Via per Monteroni , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM , Via G. Giusti, 9 , I-50121 Firenze , Italy
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Rosanna Pagano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA , University of Salento , Via per Arnesano , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Luka D Ord Ević
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation , Campus University Ecotekne , Via per Monteroni , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM , Via G. Giusti, 9 , I-50121 Firenze , Italy
- Department of Cultural Heritage , Università del Salento , Via D. Birago, 48 , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM , Via G. Giusti, 9 , I-50121 Firenze , Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA , University of Salento , Via per Arnesano , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
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Burian M, Rigodanza F, Demitri N, D Ord Ević L, Marchesan S, Steinhartova T, Letofsky-Papst I, Khalakhan I, Mourad E, Freunberger SA, Amenitsch H, Prato M, Syrgiannis Z. Inter-Backbone Charge Transfer as Prerequisite for Long-Range Conductivity in Perylene Bisimide Hydrogels. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5800-5806. [PMID: 29869880 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogelation, the self-assembly of molecules into soft, water-loaded networks, is one way to bridge the structural gap between single molecules and functional materials. The potential of hydrogels, such as those based on perylene bisimides, lies in their chemical, physical, optical, and electronic properties, which are governed by the supramolecular structure of the gel. However, the structural motifs and their precise role for long-range conductivity are yet to be explored. Here, we present a comprehensive structural picture of a perylene bisimide hydrogel, suggesting that its long-range conductivity is limited by charge transfer between electronic backbones. We reveal nanocrystalline ribbon-like structures as the electronic and structural backbone units between which charge transfer is mediated by polar solvent bridges. We exemplify this effect with sensing, where exposure to polar vapor enhances conductivity by 5 orders of magnitude, emphasizing the crucial role of the interplay between structural motif and surrounding medium for the rational design of devices based on nanocrystalline hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Burian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9/V , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Francesco Rigodanza
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park , 34149 Basovizza, Trieste , Italy
| | - Luka D Ord Ević
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- University of Trieste, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Tereza Steinhartova
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, IOM-CNR , SS. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park , 34149 Basovizza, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste , Italy
| | - Ilse Letofsky-Papst
- Institute for Electron Microscopy & Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy , Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz , Steyrergasse 17 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Ivan Khalakhan
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , V Holešovičkách 2 , 180 00 Praha 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Eléonore Mourad
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Stefan A Freunberger
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9/V , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón, 18220009 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
- Basque Foudation for Science , Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013 , Spain
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
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Dirian K, Bauroth S, Roth A, Syrgiannis Z, Rigodanza F, Burian M, Amenitsch H, Sharapa DI, Prato M, Clark T, Guldi DM. A water-soluble, bay-functionalized perylenediimide derivative - correlating aggregation and excited state dynamics. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2317-2326. [PMID: 29327015 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and the photophysics of a water soluble perylenediimide (PDI) derivative that features two bromine substituents in the bay positions has been probed. Non-fluorescent aggregates were found to be present at concentrations of 1.0 × 10-5 M. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and complementary molecular modeling showed the presence of PDI aggregates. In their singlet excited states, the PDI aggregates are characterized by distinct transient fingerprints and rapid deactivation, as revealed by pump-probe experiments on the femto-, pico-, nano-, and microsecond timescales. The product of this deactivation is a PDI triplet excited state. The efficiency of the triplet formation depends on the concentration, and hence on the degree of aggregation. Notably, for PDI concentrations in the range of the critical micelle concentration, the efficiency of intersystem crossing is close to zero. In short, we have demonstrated, for the first time, aggregation-induced formation of triplet excited states for PDI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dirian
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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