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Iliaš M, Pershina V. Reactivity of Group 13 Elements Tl and Element 113, Nh, and of Their Hydroxides with Respect to Various Quartz Surfaces from Periodic Relativistic DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15910-15920. [PMID: 36149319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption properties of group 13 element Tl and the superheavy element Nh, as well of their hydroxides on various modified quartz surfaces, are predicted on the basis of relativistic periodic DFT calculations using the BAND software. The obtained adsorption energies, Eads, of the MOH (M = Tl and Nh) molecules are indicative of the relatively strong interaction of the hydroxides with all the considered quartz surfaces. In contrast, adsorption of the Tl and Nh atoms was found to be significantly weaker. The adsorption strength of both M and MOH (M = Tl and Nh) was shown to increase with the dehydroxylation of the quartz surface. Very good agreement is reached between the calculated Eads(TlOH) of 133 kJ/mol on the fully hydroxylated quartz surface and of 157 kJ/mol on the partially dehydroxylated quartz surface on the one hand and experimental adsorption enthalpies, -ΔHads, of 134/137 ± 5 kJ/mol (at ∼300 °C) and 158 ± 3 kJ/mol (at ∼500 °C), respectively, on the other hand. Thus, we suggest that all the experimental ΔHads values for Tl should be assigned to the adsorption/desorption of the TlOH molecule. For NhOH, its adsorption properties on various quartz surfaces should be very similar to those of TlOH, with slightly smaller Eads values. Adsorption of the Nh atom should, however, be much weaker than that of the Tl atom due to stronger spin-orbit effects in Nh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Iliaš
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.,GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Valeria Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Yakushev A, Lens L, Düllmann CE, Block M, Brand H, Calverley T, Dasgupta M, Di Nitto A, Götz M, Götz S, Haba H, Harkness-Brennan L, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Komori Y, Konki J, Kratz J, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lommel B, Lorenz C, Maiti M, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nagame Y, Papadakis P, Såmark-Roth A, Rudolph D, Runke J, Sarmiento L, Sato T, Schädel M, Scharrer P, Schausten B, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Toyoshima A, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J, Ward A, Wegrzecki M, Yakusheva V. First Study on Nihonium (Nh, Element 113) Chemistry at TASCA. Front Chem 2021; 9:753738. [PMID: 34917588 PMCID: PMC8669335 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.753738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nihonium (Nh, element 113) and flerovium (Fl, element 114) are the first superheavy elements in which the 7p shell is occupied. High volatility and inertness were predicted for Fl due to the strong relativistic stabilization of the closed 7p 1/2 sub-shell, which originates from a large spin-orbit splitting between the 7p 1/2 and 7p 3/2 orbitals. One unpaired electron in the outermost 7p 1/2 sub-shell in Nh is expected to give rise to a higher chemical reactivity. Theoretical predictions of Nh reactivity are discussed, along with results of the first experimental attempts to study Nh chemistry in the gas phase. The experimental observations verify a higher chemical reactivity of Nh atoms compared to its neighbor Fl and call for the development of advanced setups. First tests of a newly developed detection device miniCOMPACT with highly reactive Fr isotopes assure that effective chemical studies of Nh are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. E. Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T. Calverley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Di Nitto
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - R-D. Herzberg
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - F. P. Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Judson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J. Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J. Konki
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J.V. Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N. Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M. Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - A.K. Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. Mokry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y. Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - P. Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - D. Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - T.K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Scharrer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N. Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Uusitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A. Ward
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wegrzecki
- Łukasiewicz-Instytut Mikroelektroniki I Fotoniki, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V. Yakusheva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Pershina V, Iliaš M. Properties and Reactivity of Hydroxides of Group 13 Elements In, Tl, and Nh from Molecular and Periodic DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9866-9873. [PMID: 31287670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption energies, Eads, of gaseous hydroxides of In, Tl, and the superheavy element Nh on surfaces of Teflon and gold are predicted using molecular and periodic relativistic DFT calculations. The ambition of the work is to assist related "one atom at a time" gas-phase chromatography experiments on the volatility of NhOH. The obtained low values of Eads(MOH), where M = In, Tl, Nh, on Teflon should guarantee easy transportation of the molecules through the Teflon capillaries from the accelerator to the chemistry setup. Straightforward band-structure DFT calculations using the revPBE-D3(BJ) functional have given an Eads(MOH) value of 161.4 kJ/mol on the Au(111) surface, being indicative of significant molecule-surface interaction. The MOH-gold surface binding is shown to take place via the oxygen atom of the hydroxide, with the oxygen-gold charge density transfer increasing from InOH to NhOH. The trend in Eads(MOH) is shown to be InOH < TlOH < NhOH, caused by increasing molecular dipole moments and decreasing stability of the hydroxides in this row. A trend in Eads of the atoms of these elements on gold is, however, opposite, In > Tl > Nh, caused by the increasing relativistic contraction and stabilization of the np1/2 AO with Z. These opposite trends in Eads(MOH) and Eads(M) in group 13 lead to almost equal Eads(Nh) and Eads(NhOH) values, making identification of Nh, as a type of species, difficult by measuring its adsorption enthalpy on gold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miroslav Iliaš
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55099 Mainz , Germany.,GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , Planckstraße 1 , D-64291 Darmstadt , Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Matej Bel University , Tajovského 40 , 97401 Banská Bystrica , Slovakia
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