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Düllmann CE, Artes E, Dragoun A, Haas R, Jäger E, Kindler B, Lommel B, Mangold KM, Meyer CC, Mokry C, Munnik F, Rapps M, Renisch D, Runke J, Seibert A, Stöckl M, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann C, Trautmann N, Yakushev A. Advancements in the fabrication and characterization of actinide targets for superheavy element production. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe heaviest elements can exclusively be produced in actinide-target based nuclear fusion reactions with intense heavy-ion beams. Ever more powerful accelerators deliver beams of continuously increasing intensity, which brings targets of current technology to their limits and beyond. We motivate efforts to produce targets with improved properties, which calls for a better understanding of targets produced by molecular plating, the current standard method. Complementary analytical methods will help shedding more light on their chemical and physical changes in the beam. Special emphasis is devoted to the aspect of the optimum target thickness and the choice of the backing material.
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2
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Yakushev A, Lens L, Düllmann CE, Khuyagbaatar J, Jäger E, Krier J, Runke J, Albers HM, Asai M, Block M, Despotopulos J, Di Nitto A, Eberhardt K, Forsberg U, Golubev P, Götz M, Götz S, Haba H, Harkness-Brennan L, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde D, Hübner A, Judson D, Kindler B, Komori Y, Konki J, Kratz J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lahiri S, Lommel B, Maiti M, Mistry AK, Mokry C, Moody KJ, Nagame Y, Omtvedt JP, Papadakis P, Pershina V, Rudolph D, Samiento L, Sato T, Schädel M, Scharrer P, Schausten B, Shaughnessy DA, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Toyoshima A, Trautmann N, Tsukada K, Uusitalo J, Voss KO, Ward A, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Williams E, Yakusheva V. On the adsorption and reactivity of element 114, flerovium. Front Chem 2022; 10:976635. [PMID: 36092655 PMCID: PMC9453156 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.976635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flerovium (Fl, element 114) is the heaviest element chemically studied so far. To date, its interaction with gold was investigated in two gas-solid chromatography experiments, which reported two different types of interaction, however, each based on the level of a few registered atoms only. Whereas noble-gas-like properties were suggested from the first experiment, the second one pointed at a volatile-metal-like character. Here, we present further experimental data on adsorption studies of Fl on silicon oxide and gold surfaces, accounting for the inhomogeneous nature of the surface, as it was used in the experiment and analyzed as part of the reported studies. We confirm that Fl is highly volatile and the least reactive member of group 14. Our experimental observations suggest that Fl exhibits lower reactivity towards Au than the volatile metal Hg, but higher reactivity than the noble gas Rn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: A. Yakushev,
| | - L. Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. E. Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - E. Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. M. Albers
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Asai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Despotopulos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - A. Di Nitto
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Eberhardt
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - M. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - F. P. Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Hinde
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Judson
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B. Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J. Konki
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J.V. Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N. Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - B. Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - A. K. Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. Mokry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. J. Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Y. Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - P. Papadakis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - V. Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - T.K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Scharrer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. A. Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - J. Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N. Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Tsukada
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - K.-O. Voss
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Ward
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wegrzecki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - N. Wiehl
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - E. Williams
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - V. Yakusheva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Yakushev A, Lens L, Düllmann CE, Block M, Brand H, Calverley T, Dasgupta M, Di Nitto A, Götz M, Götz S, Haba H, Harkness-Brennan L, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Komori Y, Konki J, Kratz J, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lommel B, Lorenz C, Maiti M, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nagame Y, Papadakis P, Såmark-Roth A, Rudolph D, Runke J, Sarmiento L, Sato T, Schädel M, Scharrer P, Schausten B, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Toyoshima A, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J, Ward A, Wegrzecki M, Yakusheva V. First Study on Nihonium (Nh, Element 113) Chemistry at TASCA. Front Chem 2021; 9:753738. [PMID: 34917588 PMCID: PMC8669335 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.753738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nihonium (Nh, element 113) and flerovium (Fl, element 114) are the first superheavy elements in which the 7p shell is occupied. High volatility and inertness were predicted for Fl due to the strong relativistic stabilization of the closed 7p 1/2 sub-shell, which originates from a large spin-orbit splitting between the 7p 1/2 and 7p 3/2 orbitals. One unpaired electron in the outermost 7p 1/2 sub-shell in Nh is expected to give rise to a higher chemical reactivity. Theoretical predictions of Nh reactivity are discussed, along with results of the first experimental attempts to study Nh chemistry in the gas phase. The experimental observations verify a higher chemical reactivity of Nh atoms compared to its neighbor Fl and call for the development of advanced setups. First tests of a newly developed detection device miniCOMPACT with highly reactive Fr isotopes assure that effective chemical studies of Nh are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. E. Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T. Calverley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Di Nitto
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - R-D. Herzberg
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - F. P. Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Judson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J. Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J. Konki
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J.V. Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N. Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M. Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - A.K. Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. Mokry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y. Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - P. Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - D. Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - T.K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Scharrer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N. Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Uusitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A. Ward
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wegrzecki
- Łukasiewicz-Instytut Mikroelektroniki I Fotoniki, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V. Yakusheva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Såmark-Roth A, Cox DM, Rudolph D, Sarmiento LG, Carlsson BG, Egido JL, Golubev P, Heery J, Yakushev A, Åberg S, Albers HM, Albertsson M, Block M, Brand H, Calverley T, Cantemir R, Clark RM, Düllmann CE, Eberth J, Fahlander C, Forsberg U, Gates JM, Giacoppo F, Götz M, Götz S, Herzberg RD, Hrabar Y, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kojouharov I, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lens L, Ljungberg J, Lommel B, Louko J, Meyer CC, Mistry A, Mokry C, Papadakis P, Parr E, Pore JL, Ragnarsson I, Runke J, Schädel M, Schaffner H, Schausten B, Shaughnessy DA, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J. Spectroscopy along Flerovium Decay Chains: Discovery of ^{280}Ds and an Excited State in ^{282}Cn. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:032503. [PMID: 33543956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.032503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions ^{48}Ca+^{242}Pu and ^{48}Ca+^{244}Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to ^{286}Fl and ^{288}Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely ^{282}Cn. Spectroscopy of ^{288}Fl decay chains fixed Q_{α}=10.06(1) MeV. In one case, a Q_{α}=9.46(1)-MeV decay from ^{284}Cn into ^{280}Ds was observed, with ^{280}Ds fissioning after only 518 μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of ^{286,288}Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Såmark-Roth
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - D M Cox
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L G Sarmiento
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - B G Carlsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J L Egido
- Departamento de Física Teórica and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Golubev
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Heery
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Åberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - H M Albers
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Albertsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Calverley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Cantemir
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R M Clark
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Eberth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - C Fahlander
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - U Forsberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J M Gates
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Giacoppo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Y Hrabar
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Judson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Ljungberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Louko
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C-C Meyer
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Mokry
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Parr
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J L Pore
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Ragnarsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D A Shaughnessy
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Trautmann
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Uusitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Eberhardt K, Düllmann CE, Haas R, Mokry C, Runke J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N. Actinide targets for fundamental research in nuclear physics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5035526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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6
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Khuyagbaatar J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Asai M, Block M, Boll RA, Brand H, Cox DM, Dasgupta M, Derkx X, Di Nitto A, Eberhardt K, Even J, Evers M, Fahlander C, Forsberg U, Gates JM, Gharibyan N, Golubev P, Gregorich KE, Hamilton JH, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde DJ, Hoffmann J, Hollinger R, Hübner A, Jäger E, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lahiri S, Lang R, Lommel B, Maiti M, Miernik K, Minami S, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Pang GK, Papadakis P, Renisch D, Roberto J, Rudolph D, Runke J, Rykaczewski KP, Sarmiento LG, Schädel M, Schausten B, Semchenkov A, Shaughnessy DA, Steinegger P, Steiner J, Tereshatov EE, Thörle-Pospiech P, Tinschert K, Torres De Heidenreich T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Uusitalo J, Ward DE, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Van Cleve SM, Yakusheva V. 48Ca+249Bk fusion reaction leading to element Z = 117: long-lived α-decaying 270Db and discovery of 266Lr. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:172501. [PMID: 24836239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The superheavy element with atomic number Z=117 was produced as an evaporation residue in the (48)Ca+(249)Bk fusion reaction at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. The radioactive decay of evaporation residues and their α-decay products was studied using a detection setup that allowed measuring decays of single atomic nuclei with half-lives between sub-μs and a few days. Two decay chains comprising seven α decays and a spontaneous fission each were identified and are assigned to the isotope (294)117 and its decay products. A hitherto unknown α-decay branch in (270)Db (Z = 105) was observed, which populated the new isotope (266)Lr (Z = 103). The identification of the long-lived (T(1/2) = 1.0(-0.4)(+1.9) h) α-emitter (270)Db marks an important step towards the observation of even more long-lived nuclei of superheavy elements located on an "island of stability."
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M Asai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R A Boll
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Cox
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Dasgupta
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - X Derkx
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Eberhardt
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | | | - J M Gates
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | | | - K E Gregorich
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J H Hamilton
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D J Hinde
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Hoffmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Laatiaoui
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - R Lang
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - K Miernik
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Minami
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Mokry
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Nitsche
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - G K Pang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Papadakis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom and University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D Renisch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Roberto
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - J Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K P Rykaczewski
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - D A Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Steinegger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E E Tereshatov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Tinschert
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - N Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Türler
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D E Ward
- Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Wegrzecki
- Institute of Electron Technology, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S M Van Cleve
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - V Yakusheva
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Forsberg U, Rudolph D, Golubev P, Sarmiento L, Yakushev A, Andersson LL, Nitto AD, Düllmann C, Gates J, Gregorich K, Gross C, Heßberger F, Herzberg RD, Khuyagbaatar J, Kratz J, Rykaczewski K, Schädel M, Åberg S, Ackermann D, Block M, Brand H, Carlsson B, Cox D, Derkx X, Eberhardt K, Even J, Fahlander C, Gerl J, Jäger E, Kindler B, Krier J, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Lommel B, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt J, Papadakis P, Ragnarsson I, Runke J, Schaffner H, Schausten B, Thörle-Pospiech P, Torres T, Traut T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Ward A, Ward D, Wiehl AN. Spectroscopic Tools Applied to Element Z = 115 Decay Chains. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146602036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rudolph D, Forsberg U, Golubev P, Sarmiento LG, Yakushev A, Andersson LL, Di Nitto A, Düllmann CE, Gates JM, Gregorich KE, Gross CJ, Heßberger FP, Herzberg RD, Khuyagbaatar J, Kratz JV, Rykaczewski K, Schädel M, Åberg S, Ackermann D, Block M, Brand H, Carlsson BG, Cox D, Derkx X, Eberhardt K, Even J, Fahlander C, Gerl J, Jäger E, Kindler B, Krier J, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Lommel B, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Papadakis P, Ragnarsson I, Runke J, Schaffner H, Schausten B, Thörle-Pospiech P, Torres T, Traut T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Ward A, Ward DE, Wiehl N. Spectroscopy of element 115 decay chains. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:112502. [PMID: 24074079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution α, x-ray, and γ-ray coincidence spectroscopy experiment was conducted at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. Thirty correlated α-decay chains were detected following the fusion-evaporation reaction 48Ca + 243Am. The observations are consistent with previous assignments of similar decay chains to originate from element Z=115. For the first time, precise spectroscopy allows the derivation of excitation schemes of isotopes along the decay chains starting with elements Z>112. Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations accompany the data analysis. Nuclear structure models provide a first level interpretation.
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Düllmann CE, Schädel M, Yakushev A, Türler A, Eberhardt K, Kratz JV, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Block M, Brüchle W, Dvorak J, Essel HG, Ellison PA, Even J, Gates JM, Gorshkov A, Graeger R, Gregorich KE, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Hessberger FP, Hild D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Krier J, Kurz N, Lahiri S, Liebe D, Lommel B, Maiti M, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Parr E, Rudolph D, Runke J, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Uusitalo J, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N. Production and decay of element 114: high cross sections and the new nucleus 277Hs. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:252701. [PMID: 20867370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.252701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fusion-evaporation reaction 244Pu(48Ca,3-4n){288,289}114 was studied at the new gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Thirteen correlated decay chains were observed and assigned to the production and decay of {288,289}114. At a compound nucleus excitation energy of E{*}=39.8-43.9 MeV, the 4n evaporation channel cross section was 9.8{-3.1}{+3.9} pb. At E^{*}=36.1-39.5 MeV, that of the 3n evaporation channel was 8.0{-4.5}{+7.4} pb. In one of the 3n evaporation channel decay chains, a previously unobserved α branch in 281Ds was observed (probability to be of random origin from background: 0.1%). This α decay populated the new nucleus 277Hs, which decayed by spontaneous fission after a lifetime of 4.5 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
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