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Madugula PPP, Balla R. Laser induced fluorescence and computational studies on the tropospheric photooxidation reactions of methyl secondary butyl ether initiated by OH radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99748-99761. [PMID: 37615909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the reaction of methyl secondary butyl ether with OH radicals was investigated experimentally using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence technique (PLP-LIF) over temperatures ranging from 268 to 363 K. The rate coefficient value at 298 K was measured to be (1.09 ± 0.02) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and the deduced Arrhenius expression is [Formula: see text]= (2.21 ± 0.29) × 10-12 exp ((471.71 ± 38.50)/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. To complement the experimental data, the kinetic study of the title reaction was performed computationally at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory with the incorporation of tunnelling correction from 200 to 400 K. The end products formed were qualitatively analyzed by using gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as detection technique and the mechanism for degradation was proposed. Thermochemical parameters were evaluated to determine the feasibility of individual reaction pathways. Atmospheric implications were evaluated and discussed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajakumar Balla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
- Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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Zhu J, Li J, Du L. Exploring the formation potential and optical properties of secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of selected short aliphatic ethers. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 95:82-90. [PMID: 32653196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential for six kinds of short aliphatic ethers has been studied. The size distribution, mass concentration, and yield of SOA formed by ethers photooxidation were determined under different conditions. The results showed that all six ethers can generate SOA via reaction with OH radicals even under no seed and NOx-free condition. The mass concentration for six seedless experiments was less than 10 µg/m3 and the SOA yields were all below 1%. The strong increase in the SOA formation was observed when the system contained ammonium sulfate seed particles, while SOA yield decreased under the high-NOx condition. SOA composition was analyzed using offline methods. Infrared spectra indicated that there are complex components in the particle-phase including carbonyls acid and aldehydes species. Moreover, the aqueous filter extracts were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. For the fresh methyl n-butyl ether SOA, the largest absorption peak occurs at 280 nm and there exists slightly absorption in the 300-400 nm. Excitation-emission matrices display the distinct peak at excitation/emission = 470 nm/480 nm according to the fluorescence spectrum. These findings are important considerations of formation for ether SOA that can eventually be included in atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Fan C, Wang W, Shi B, Chen Y, Wang K, Zhang W, Sun Z, Ge M. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Gas Phase Reaction of OH Radicals with Ethyl Propyl Ether. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:721-730. [PMID: 31917920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of ethyl propyl ether (EnPE) with OH radicals was studied using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum (PTR-MS), and the rate constant was measured at 298 K and atmospheric pressure using the relative rate method: kexp(OH+EnPE) = (1.13 ± 0.09) × 10-11 cm3 molecules-1 s-1. In addition, a parallel theoretical study was performed using the traditional transition state theory (TST) with a tunnelling effect correction in combination at M05-2X method with two basis sets, 6-311++G(d,p) and aug-cc-pVTZ. According to these calculations, H atom abstraction occurs more favorably from the methylene group adjacent to the -O- bond than from the other groups. The theoretical calculation of the total rate constant of the reaction of EnPE with OH radicals was consistent with the experimental values. The gas-phase products indicated that the major products observed were ethyl formate, ethyl propionate, propionic acid. Combined with the experimental and theoretical results, the possible reaction mechanisms were proposed and discussed. The atmospheric implications of the studied reaction are presented, and the lifetime of EnPE in the presence of OH radicals was evaluated to be approximately 1 day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cici Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024 , China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024 , China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zheng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024 , China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Center for Excellence in Region¶al Atmospheric Environment , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , 361021 , P. R. China
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Zhang X, Lu X, Qiao L, Jiang L, Cao T, Zhang Y. Developing an epoxy resin with high toughness for grouting material via co-polymerization method. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn order to improve the toughness of epoxy resin for grouting material, the flexible hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was utilized to manufacture a new kind of epoxy resin with high toughness via co-polymerization method. In the procedure of preparing bisphenol A epoxy resin, before the reaction between bisphenol A (BPA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH), HDI was introduced to react with BPA for embedding flexible segments into the chain of epoxy resin, then modified epoxy resin (HDI/EP) was manufactured. The mechanical properties, especially the toughness of the HDI/EP, are significantly increased – the fracture elongation is up to 124%. In addition, the compressed specimens can fully recover to their original shape in a few minutes. Thermal performance and corrosion resistance of the HDI/EP specimen were also investigated, which showed that the specimen can be used under 258°C, and can remain stable in H2SO4, NaOH and NaCl solutions with 10 wt% for 100 h, respectively. The present work provides a convenient avenue pathway to prepare an epoxy resin with high toughness, which may be used in many technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha410114, PR China
| | - Xiaolian Lu
- Institute of Chemical and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha410114, PR China
| | - Lu Qiao
- Institute of Chemical and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha410114, PR China
| | - Linqi Jiang
- Institute of Chemical and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha410114, PR China
| | - Ting Cao
- Institute of Chemical and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha410114, PR China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of EducationChangsha, China
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, South Lushan Road, Changsha, China410083
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