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Rafiq A, Jabeen T, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Ashfaq UA, Mohsin NUA, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA. A Comprehensive Update of Various Attempts by Medicinal Chemists to Combat COVID-19 through Natural Products. Molecules 2023; 28:4860. [PMID: 37375415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global panic because of its continual evolution and recurring spikes. This serious malignancy is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the outbreak, millions of people have been affected from December 2019 till now, which has led to a great surge in finding treatments. Despite trying to handle the pandemic with the repurposing of some drugs, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, ivermectin, etc., against COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues its out-of-control spread. There is a dire need to identify a new regimen of natural products to combat the deadly viral disease. This article deals with the literature reports to date of natural products showing inhibitory activity towards SARS-CoV-2 through different approaches, such as in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies. Natural compounds targeting the proteins of SARS-CoV-2-the main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), spike proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), endoribonuclease, exoribonuclease, helicase, nucleocapsid, methyltransferase, adeno diphosphate (ADP) phosphatase, other nonstructural proteins, and envelope proteins-were extracted mainly from plants, and some were isolated from bacteria, algae, fungi, and a few marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Rafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Amin Mohsin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Crystal structure, spectroscopic analysis, electronic properties and molecular docking study of costunolide for inhibitor capacity against Onchocerca volvulus main protease. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Rudnicka-Drożak E, Drożak P, Mizerski G, Zaborowski T, Ślusarska B, Nowicki G, Drożak M. Links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease-What Do We Already Know? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2146. [PMID: 36767513 PMCID: PMC9915236 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a life-changing condition whose etiology is explained by several hypotheses. Recently, a new virus contributed to the evidence of viral involvement in AD: the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the COVID-19 coronavirus disease. AD was found to be one of the most common COVID-19 comorbidities, and it was found to increase mortality from this disease as well. Moreover, AD patients were observed to present with the distinct clinical features of COVID-19, with delirium being prevalent in this group. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is overexpressed in brains with AD, which thus increases the viral invasion. Furthermore, the inhibition of the ACE2 receptor by the SARS-CoV-2 virus may also decrease the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), contributing to neurodegeneration. The ApoE ε4 allele, which increases the risk of AD, was found to facilitate the SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Furthermore, the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress existing in AD patients enhance the inflammatory response associated with COVID-19. Moreover, pandemic and associated social distancing measures negatively affected the mental health, cognitive function, and neuro-psychiatric symptoms of AD patients. This review comprehensively covers the links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, including clinical presentation, molecular mechanisms, and the effects of social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rudnicka-Drożak
- Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Langiewicza 6a, 20-035 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Drożak
- Student Scientific Society, Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Langiewicza 6a, 20-035 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mizerski
- Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Langiewicza 6a, 20-035 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaborowski
- Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Langiewicza 6a, 20-035 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Ślusarska
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nowicki
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Drożak
- Student Scientific Society, Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Langiewicza 6a, 20-035 Lublin, Poland
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Adjissi L, Chafai N, Benbouguerra K, Kirouani I, Hellal A, Layaida H, Elkolli M, Bensouici C, Chafaa S. Synthesis, characterization, DFT, antioxidant, antibacterial, pharmacokinetics and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease of some heterocyclic hydrazones. J Mol Struct 2022; 1270:134005. [PMID: 36033106 PMCID: PMC9395430 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized using condensation reaction of 4-hydrazinylbenzoic acid with three aromatic aldehydes namely: thiophene-2-carbaldehyde, thiophene-3-carbaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde in ethanol at 78 °C reflux. The synthesized molecules have been characterized using spectroscopic and physicochemical methods including UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 15N NMR and melting point determination. Optimized molecular structures, UV-Vis and IR spectra modeling, the reactivity, the stability and some quantum chemical parameters of the synthesized molecules were modeled utilizing density functional theory (DFT). The obtained theoretical results were found in good agreement with the experimental results. On the other hand, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the molecules under study were evaluated to better understand the associated mechanisms of action specifically. Also, predicted ADME-T and pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that these compounds showed good oral bioavailability. Finally, molecular docking has been used to predict the inhibitory activity of the studied hydrazone derivatives on the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Adjissi
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Nadjib Chafai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria,Corresponding author
| | - Khalissa Benbouguerra
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Imene Kirouani
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Hellal
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Houdheifa Layaida
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Meriem Elkolli
- Laboratory of applied microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Algeria
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Ali Mendjli, Nouvelle Ville UV 03, BP E73 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Salah Chafaa
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
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Yadav P, Chowdhury P. Effectivity of Repurposed Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections, A Hope for COVID 19: Inhibitor Modelling studies by Docking and Molecular Dynamics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12327. [PMCID: PMC9737521 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have done a comparative study on the efficacy of some currently used repurposed drugs: Oseltamivir (O), Favipiravir (F) and Hydroxychloroquine (H) in individual and in their combinational mode against CoV-2 infections. The ADME analysis has helped us to identify the inhibitory possibility of the tested drugs towards receptor 3CLpro protein of SARS-CoV-2. Various thermodynamical parameters obtained from Molecular Docking, Molecular dynamics (MD) and MMPBSA simulations like binding affinity, potential energy (Epot), RMSD, RMSF, SASA energy, interaction energies, Gibbs free energy (ΔGbind) etc. also helped us to verify the effectivity of mentioned drugs against CoV-2 protease.
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Simbala HEI, Nurkolis F, Mayulu N, Rotty LWA. Metabolites of Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) Fruit Extract: A Metabolite Profiling Study. F1000Res 2022; 10:1021. [PMID: 38107666 PMCID: PMC10724647 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73758.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pinang yaki has bioactive compounds that have potential as a new herbal supplement. A better understanding of the bioactive compounds of pinang yaki using untargeted metabolomic profiling studies will provide clearer insight into the health benefits of pinang yaki and in particular its potential for the therapy and prevention of Covid-19. Methods: Fresh samples of pinang yaki ( Areca vestiaria) are obtained from forests in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Samples were used for untargeted metabolomics analysis by UPLC-MS. Results: Based on an untargeted metabolomic profiling study of pinang yaki, 2504 compounds in ESI- and 2645 compounds in ESI+ were successfully obtained. After the analysis, 356 compounds in ESI- and 543 compounds in ESI+ were identified successfully. Major compounds Alpha-Chlorohydrin (PubChem ID: 7290) and Tagatose (PubChem ID: 439312) were found in ESI+ and ESI-. Discussion: The Top 10 metabolites from pinang yaki extract (ESI+) juga have been indicated in preventing SARS Cov2 infection and have exhibited good neuroprotective immunity. Benzothiazole (PubChem ID: 7222), L-isoleucine (PubChem ID: 6306), D-glucono-delta-lactone (PubChem ID: 736), Diethylpyrocarbonate (PubChem ID: 3051), Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) amine (PubChem ID: 7791), Cinnamic acid (PubChem ID: 444539), and Trigonelline (PubChem ID: 5570) also had potential effects as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Covid19. Conclusion: Untargeted metabolomic profiling showed many bioactive compounds contained in pinang yaki ( Areca vestiaria) extract. The top 10 compounds have been identified and explored for their potential benefits as anti-Covid19 supplement products. This is a preliminary study which still needs further research such as preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta), Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Mayulu
- Food and Nutrition, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, 95115, Indonesia
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Jankauskaite L, Malinauskas M, Snipaitiene A. Effect of stimulated platelets in COVID-19 thrombosis: Role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1037369. [PMID: 36312286 PMCID: PMC9614055 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1037369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early 2020, SARS-CoV-2-induced infection resulted in global pandemics with high morbidity, especially in the adult population. COVID-19 is a highly prothrombotic condition associated with subsequent multiorgan failure and lethal outcomes. The exact mechanism of the prothrombotic state is not well understood and might be multifactorial. Nevertheless, platelets are attributed to play a crucial role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis. To date, platelets' role was defined primarily in thrombosis and homeostasis. Currently, more focus has been set on their part in inflammation and immunity. Moreover, their ability to release various soluble factors under activation as well as internalize and degrade specific pathogens has been highly addressed in viral research. This review article will discuss platelet role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis and their role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Multiple studies confirmed that platelets display a hyperactivated phenotype in COVID-19 patients. Critically ill patients demonstrate increased platelet activation markers such as P-selectin, PF4, or serotonin. In addition, platelets contain acetylcholine and express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAchR). Thus, acetylcholine can be released under activation, and α7nAchR can be stimulated in an autocrine manner and support platelet function. α7 receptor is one of the most important mediators of the anti-inflammatory properties as it is associated with humoral and intrinsic immunity and was demonstrated to contribute to better outcomes in COVID-19 patients when under stimulation. Hematopoietic α7nAchR deficiency increases platelet activation and, in experimental studies, α7nAchR stimulation can diminish the pro-inflammatory state and modulate platelet reactiveness via increased levels of NO. NO has been described to inhibit platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. In addition, acetylcholine has been demonstrated to decrease platelet aggregation possibly by blocking the e p-38 pathway. SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been found to be similar to neurotoxins which can bind to nAChR and prevent the action of acetylcholine. Concluding, the platelet role in COVID-19 thrombotic events could be explained by their active function in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jankauskaite
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania,Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania,*Correspondence: Lina Jankauskaite
| | - Mantas Malinauskas
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Snipaitiene
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Huang H, Song D, Zhang W, Fang S, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Liang Z, Li Y. Choline Oxidase-Integrated Copper Metal-Organic Frameworks as Cascade Nanozymes for One-Step Colorimetric Choline Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5228-5236. [PMID: 35411770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Choline is an important factor for regulating human health and is widely present in various foods. In this work, a sensor strategy based on a choline oxidase-integrated copper(II) metal-organic framework with peroxidase-like activity is constructed for one-step cascade detection of choline. The one-step cascade strategy can avoid intermediate product transferring in general multi-step reactions, and the multi-enzyme activities can be well exerted under one condition, thus exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and enhanced stability. In the integrated system, choline is catalyzed by ChOx to produce betaine and H2O2, which eventually got converted to hydroxyl radicals by the peroxidase nanozyme, oxidized the chromogenic substrate ABTS, and produced an observable absorption peak at 420 nm. A new choline detection method was thus established and showed a satisfactory linear relationship at 6-300 μM, which has been used for the choline analysis in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Donghui Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Shuaizhen Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Qianxi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Abstract
Over the past few months, numerous studies harnessed in silico methods such as molecular docking to evaluate food compounds for inhibitory activity against coronavirus infection and replication. These studies capitalize on the efficiency of computational methods to quickly guide subsequent research and examine diet-disease relationships, and their sudden widespread utility may signal new opportunities for future antiviral and bioactive food research. Using Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) research as a case study, we herein provide an overview of findings from studies using molecular docking to study food compounds as potential inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), explore considerations for the critical interpretation of study findings, and discuss how these studies help shape larger conversations of diet and disease.
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Villa C, Rivellini E, Lavitrano M, Combi R. Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease? An Overview of Shared Risk Factors and Pathogenetic Mechanisms. J Pers Med 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35055344 PMCID: PMC8780286 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, is affecting every aspect of global society, including public healthcare systems, medical care access, and the economy. Although the respiratory tract is primarily affected by SARS-CoV-2, emerging evidence suggests that the virus may also reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to several neurological issues. In particular, people with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a vulnerable group at high risk of contracting COVID-19, and develop more severe forms and worse outcomes, including death. Therefore, understanding shared links between COVID-19 and AD could aid the development of therapeutic strategies against both. Herein, we reviewed common risk factors and potential pathogenetic mechanisms that might contribute to the acceleration of neurodegenerative processes in AD patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rivellini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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DFT and MD simulation investigation of favipiravir as an emerging antiviral option against viral protease (3CL pro) of SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Struct 2021; 1246:131253. [PMID: 34376872 PMCID: PMC8342190 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As per date, around 20 million COVID-19 cases reported from across the globe due to a tiny 125 nm sized virus: SARS-CoV-2 which has created a pandemic and left an unforgettable impact on our world. Besides vaccine, medical community is in a race to identify an effective drug, which can fight against this disease effectively. Favipiravir (F) has recently attracted too much attention as an effective repurposed drug against COVID-19. In the present study, the pertinency of F has been tested as an antiviral option against viral protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with the help of density functional theory (DFT) and MD Simulation. Different electronic properties of F such as atomic charges, molecular electrostatic properties (MEP), chemical reactivity and absorption analysis have been studied by DFT. In order to understand the interaction and stability of inhibitor F against viral protease, molecular docking and MD simulation have been performed. Various output like interaction energies, number of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, binding energy etc. have established the elucidate role of F for the management of CoV-2 virus for which there is no approved therapies till now. Our findings highlighted the need to further evaluate F as a potential antiviral against SARS-CoV-2.
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Opazo-Navarrete M, Burgos-Díaz C, Soto-Cerda B, Barahona T, Anguita-Barrales F, Mosi-Roa Y. Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Traditional Vegetables from Southern Chile as Potential Sources of Natural Ingredients. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:523-532. [PMID: 34755255 PMCID: PMC8577856 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in consuming healthy foods motivated by the need of boosting the immune system naturally. In this sense, vegetables rich in bioactive compounds are a clear example of "superfoods" that promotes overall health and strengthen the immune response. Therefore, in this study eight traditional vegetables usually produced in southern Chile (pea, corn, carrot, leek, spinach, chard, coriander and parsley) were characterized in terms of their nutritional composition to evaluate their potential as lyophilized natural ingredients. Thus, chemical composition, amino acid profile, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and pesticide residues were evaluated. Green leafy vegetables resulted to be an excellent source of proteins and dietary fibers as well as vitamins (ascorbic acid, choline, alpha-tocopherol and niacin), minerals (calcium, phosphorus and iron), carotenoids and polyphenols. Among the eight vegetables assessed spinach exhibited the more balanced nutritional profile. Moreover, 332 pesticide residues were analysed and only six were detected in a low concentration. Due to their nutritional properties, the present results suggest that vegetables produced in southern Chile could be considered as promising alternatives to develop natural food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Braulio Soto-Cerda
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tamara Barahona
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Temuco, Chile
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Radder SB, Melavanki R, Hiremath SM, Kusanur R, Khemalapure SS, Jeyaseelan SC. Synthesis, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR & UV-Vis), reactive (ELF, LOL, Fukui), drug likeness and molecular docking insights on novel 4-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-benzonitrile by experimental and computational methods. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08429. [PMID: 34877424 PMCID: PMC8632848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopic analysis such as FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis and NMR are conducted for the synthesized molecule by both experimental and theoretical approach. The theoretical computations were achieved by DFT method with B3LYP functional and 6-311 ++ G (d, P) basis set. Firstly the geometrical parameters obtained by DFT are compared with the related experimental parameters. Experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule have been acquired. The vibrational analysis is conducted and the assignments concerned to the observed bands are mentioned through the potential energy distribution (PED). The GIAO method was employed for theoretical NMR analysis and the results are compared with experimental chemical shifts. In accumulation to these analyses NLO, NBO, FMO and MEP analysis have been conducted to understand the nature of the molecule. ELF and LOL were performed. The drug likeness and molecular docking studies also conducted. The potency of inhibition of molecule against MPRO and PLPRO receptors has been performed using molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaraj B. Radder
- Department of Physics, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054, Karnataka, India
- Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, 590018, Karnataka, India
| | - Raveendra Melavanki
- Department of Physics, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054, Karnataka, India
- Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, 590018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir M. Hiremath
- Department of P.G. Studies in Physics, KLE Society's J.T. College, Gadag, 582101, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraj. Kusanur
- Department of Chemistry, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema S. Khemalapure
- P.G. Department of Studies and Research in Physics, KLE Society's P.C. Jabin Science College, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
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Topal T, Zorlu Y, Karapınar N. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, IR and Raman spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical computational and molecular docking studies on hydrazone-pyridine compound: As an insight into the inhibitor capacity of main protease of SARS-CoV2. J Mol Struct 2021; 1239:130514. [PMID: 33903779 PMCID: PMC8059879 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The characterization and synthesis of 3-chloro-2-{(2E)-2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl}pyridine (CCPEHP) was investigated in our study. Mass and UV-visible spectra were recorded in chloroform solvent. The CCPEHP molecule containing pyridine and chlorophenyl rings and hydrazone group crystallized in the triclinic system and P-1 space group. FTRaman and FTIR spectra were performed in the solid state. The optimized geometry of CCPEHP was computed by DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311 G (d, p) and 6-31 G (d, p) levels. The computed vibrational analysis, electronic absorption spectrum, electronic properties, molecular electrostatic potential, natural bond orbitals analysis and other calculated structural parameters were determined by using the DFT/B3LYP/6-31 G (d, p) basis set. The correlation of fundamental modes of the compound and the complete vibrational assignments analysis were studied. The strong and weak contacts were identified by using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The molecular modeling results showed that CCPEHP structure strongly binds to COVID-19 main protease by relative binding affinity of -6.4 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Topal
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Pamukkale University, 20020, Denizli, Turkey,Correspondence author
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nazan Karapınar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20020, Denizli, Turkey
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15
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Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng J. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease: how one crisis worsens the other. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 33941272 PMCID: PMC8090526 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has emerged as a key comorbidity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 are elevated in AD due to multiple pathological changes in AD patients such as the excessive expression of viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and pro-inflammatory molecules, various AD complications including diabetes, lifestyle alterations in AD, and drug-drug interactions. Meanwhile, COVID-19 has also been reported to cause various neurologic symptoms including cognitive impairment that may ultimately result in AD, probably through the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the central nervous system, COVID-19-induced inflammation, long-term hospitalization and delirium, and post-COVID-19 syndrome. In addition, the COVID-19 crisis also worsens behavioral symptoms in uninfected AD patients and poses new challenges for AD prevention. In this review, we first introduce the symptoms and pathogenesis of COVID-19 and AD. Next, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the aggravating effects of AD on COVID-19 and the underlying mechanisms from molecular to social levels. We also highlight the influence of COVID-19 on cognitive function, and propose possible routes of viral invasion into the brain and potential mechanisms underlying the COVID-19-induced cognitive impairment. Last, we summarize the negative impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on uninfected AD patients and dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Jialin Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5930, USA.
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