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Li X, Hao X, Liu JH, Huang JP. Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for primary dysmenorrhoea: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024; 29:162-170. [PMID: 38242565 PMCID: PMC11137453 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relative benefits of various non-pharmacological interventions on treating primary dysmenorrhoea within a network meta-analysis. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. INCLUSION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trial involving patient with primary dysmenorrhoea and received non-pharmacological interventions. DATA SOURCES Four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched from inception to October first, 2022. RISK-OF-BIAS ROB ASSESSMENT RoB 2.0 assessment tools was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS Conventional meta-analysis was conducted by pairwise comparison between non-pharmacological therapy and control treatment. The Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted by the Aggregate Data Drug Information System Software based on the consistency or inconsistency model, and rank probability was used to indicate the priority of non-pharmacological therapy. RESULTS 33 studies involving eight non-pharmacological interventions were included. With regard to conventional meta-analysis, we selected Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as primary outcome to evaluate the pain intensity. The result showed that eight interventions (Exercise, Herb, Acupuncture, Aromatherapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Topical heat, Acupressure, Yoga) displayed positive effect on reduction of menstrual pain compared with placebo or no treatment. A Bayesian network meta-analysis revealed that exercise -3.20 (95% CI -4.01 to -2.34), acupuncture -2.90 (95% CI -3.97 to -2.85) and topical heat -2.97 (95% CI -4.66 to -1.29) probably resulted in a reduction in pain intensity (VAS) . CONCLUSIONS Non-pharmacological interventions may result in a reduction or slight reduction in pain intensity compared with no treatment or placebo. Specifically, exercise and acupuncture are considered as potentially effective non-pharmacological treatments in short-term treatment. Indeed, larger and better methodological quality research is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022351021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Li
- Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Peng Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cameron L, Mikocka-Walus A, Sciberras E, Druitt M, Stanley K, Evans S. Menstrual pain in Australian adolescent girls and its impact on regular activities: a population-based cohort analysis based on Longitudinal Study of Australian Children survey data. Med J Aust 2024; 220:466-471. [PMID: 38717022 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of Australian adolescent girls who experience menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea); to assess associations of dysmenorrhea and period pain severity with adolescents missing regular activities because of their periods. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, population-based cohort study; analysis of Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) survey data. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Female adolescents in the nationally representative cross-sequential sample of Australian children recruited in 2004 for the Kinder cohort (aged 4-5 years at enrolment). Survey data from waves 6 (mean age 14 years), wave 7 (16 years) and wave 8 (18 years) were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Severity of period pain during the preceding three months (very, quite, a little, or not at all painful); number of activity types missed because of periods; relationship between missing activities and period pain severity. RESULTS Of the 1835 participating female members of the LSAC Kinder cohort at waves 6 to 8, 1600 (87%) responded to questions about menstruation during at least one of waves 6 to 8 of data collection. At wave 6 (14 years), 227 of 644 respondents (35%) reported dysmenorrhea, 675 of 1341 (50%) at wave 6 (16 years), and 518 of 1115 (46%) at wave 8 (18 years). Of the 366 participants who reported period pain severity at all three waves, 137 reported no dysmenorrhea at all three waves (37%), 66 reported dysmenorrhea at all three waves (18%), 89 reported increasing period pain over time (24%), and 38 reported declining pain (10%). At wave 6, 223 of 647 participants reported missing at least one activity because of their periods (34%), 454 of 1341 at wave 7 (34%), and 344 of 1111 at wave 8 (31%). Of the participants who experienced very painful periods, 72% (wave 6), 63% (wave 7), and 65% (wave 8) missed at least one activity type because of their periods, as did 45% (wave 6), 36% (wave 7), and 40% (wave 8) of those who experienced quite painful periods. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of adolescent girls in Australia experience period pain that affects their engagement in regular activities, including school attendance. Recognising adolescent period pain is important not only for enhancing their immediate quality of life with appropriate support and interventions, but also as part of early screening for chronic health conditions such as endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cameron
- Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | - Marilla Druitt
- Deakin University, Geelong, VIC
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC
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Ghandour R, Hammoudeh W, Stigum H, Giacaman R, Fjeld H, Holmboe-Ottesen G. The hidden burden of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in Palestine refugee camps: a focus on well-being and academic performance. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:726. [PMID: 38448826 PMCID: PMC10918951 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is a condition that may have a profound effect on adolescent girls' health status and well-being. It can impede their engagement in daily activities and hamper their regular school attendance. This study aims to explore the relationship between dysmenorrhea, well-being, and academic performance among adolescent girls living in Palestine refugee camps in the West Bank and Jordan. METHODS We conducted a household survey between June and September 2019, with a total sample of 2737 adolescent girls 15 to 18 years old. Dysmenorrhea severity was assessed using the Working Ability, Location, Intensity, Duration of pain Dysmenorrhea scale (WaLIDD). The WHO-5 scale was used to evaluate the girls' overall well-being. Menstrual academic disruption (MAD) was measured using a self-reported scale. Multiple linear regression models were employed to evaluate the association between dysmenorrhea, well-being, and academic performance. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) were employed to identify variables for control in regression models. RESULTS The mean dysmenorrhea score was 6.6 ± 2.6, with 37.9% and 41.2% expressing moderate and severe symptoms, respectively. The mean WHO-5 score was 58.7 ± 25.1, and 34.9% reported a low well-being status. The mean MAD score was 3.1 ± 3.3. 26% reported missing school due to dysmenorrhea, 36% said dysmenorrhea impacted their ability to concentrate, and 39% were unable to study for tests, and complete homework. The first regression analysis showed a reduction of 1.45 units in WHO-5 score for each unit increase in dysmenorrhea. The second regression analysis showed a non-linear increase in MAD score for increasing dysmenorrhea. For each dysmenorrhea score less than 4 (mild) there was a modest increase in MAD scores (coefficient 0.08, p-value = 0.006), and for each dysmenorrhea score above 4 there was a stronger increase in MAD scores (coefficient 0.95, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dysmenorrhea poses significant challenges to the well-being and academic performance of adolescent girls living in Palestine refugee camps. Collaborative efforts and multifaceted approaches are crucial to address dysmenorrhea effectively. This involves research, targeted interventions, culturally sensitive strategies, and fostering a supportive environment that empowers girls to thrive academically and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Ghandour
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) Said Khoury Building for Development Studies, Birzeit, P.O. Box 14, Palestine.
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Weeam Hammoudeh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) Said Khoury Building for Development Studies, Birzeit, P.O. Box 14, Palestine
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rita Giacaman
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) Said Khoury Building for Development Studies, Birzeit, P.O. Box 14, Palestine
| | - Heidi Fjeld
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
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Wu T, Doyle C, Ito J, Ramesh N, Ernest DK, Crespo NC, Hsu FC, Oren E. Cold Exposures in Relation to Dysmenorrhea among Asian and White Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:56. [PMID: 38248521 PMCID: PMC10815354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent, ranging from 16% to 91% among women, and it can lead to multiple reproductive disorders. However, risk factors associated with dysmenorrhea remain unexamined. Cold exposures can significantly disturb blood circulation and prostaglandin production in the uterus, leading to dysmenorrhea. This study investigated the relationship between cold exposures and dysmenorrhea, as well as potential disparities between Asians and Whites and the potential cultural influences on these associations. This was a cross-sectional survey among 197 Asian and 222 non-Asian women recruited from the U.S., with more than 40% from California. We assessed cold exposures, such as the frequency of consumption of cold water/drinks and ice cream, as well as room temperatures at home and public places, for both summer and winter over the past 12 months. The type of cold exposure associated with dysmenorrhea differs between Asian and White women. We found that among Asian women, a higher frequency of ice cream consumption in winter (beta = 1.19, p = 0.0002 when comparing high to low categories) was associated with dysmenorrhea; however, among White women, increased consumption of cold water/drinks in winter (beta = 0.49, p = 0.04 when comparing high to low categories) was also associated with dysmenorrhea. Higher home room temperatures in winter were associated with reduced severity of dysmenorrhea among White women but not among Asian women. All these associations supported our hypothesis and were stronger among women who lived in states with colder winters. However, there are a few exceptions. For instance, women who drank cold water/drinks less frequently during their menstrual period were more likely to experience more severe dysmenorrhea. In conclusion, this study provides crucial evidence to support the link between cold exposures and dysmenorrhea among Asians and Whites. The associations contradictory to our hypothesis are likely due to reserved causation influenced by Asian cultural practice. This paper sheds light on an understudied area that profoundly affects women's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.); (N.R.); (E.O.)
- Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cassie Doyle
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.); (N.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Joy Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.); (N.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Neeraja Ramesh
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.); (N.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Deepali Karina Ernest
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Noe C. Crespo
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Eyal Oren
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.); (N.R.); (E.O.)
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Sawyer G, Howe LD, Fraser A, Clayton G, Lawlor DA, Sharp GC. Menstrual cycle features in mothers and daughters in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:386. [PMID: 37997583 PMCID: PMC10665607 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19774.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic menstrual cycle features, including irregular periods, severe pain, heavy bleeding, absence of periods, frequent or infrequent cycles, and premenstrual symptoms, are experienced by high proportions of females and can have substantial impacts on their health and well-being. However, research aimed at identifying causes and risk factors associated with such menstrual cycle features is sparse and limited. This data note describes prospective, longitudinal data collected in a UK birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), on menstrual cycle features, which can be utilised to address the research gaps in this area. Data were collected across 21 timepoints (between the average age of 28.6 and 57.7 years) in mothers (G0) and 20 timepoints (between the average age of 8 and 24 years) in index daughters (G1) between 1991 and 2020. This data note details all available variables, proposes methods to derive comparable variables across data collection timepoints, and discusses important limitations specific to each menstrual cycle feature. Also, the data note identifies broader issues for researchers to consider when utilising the menstrual cycle feature data, such as hormonal contraception, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause, as well as missing data and misclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sawyer
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Laura D. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Gemma Clayton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Gemma C. Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
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Gray LJ, Durand H. Experiences of dysmenorrhea and its treatment among allistic and autistic menstruators: a thematic analysis. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 37231369 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmenorrhea (i.e., period pain) is common and debilitating. Autistic people are known to experience pain differently, yet little is known about the menstrual pain experiences of autistic menstruators relative to non-autistic peers. This study aimed to explore the experience of period pain and treatment uptake for period pain among allistic and autistic populations. METHODS This study used a qualitative design and opportunity sampling approach. Thirty-seven participants (of whom 17 were autistic) were interviewed via video-conferencing software using a semi-structured topic guide. Transcriptions of interviews were analysed using Braun and Clarke's Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Data were initially analysed together for common themes. Autistic menstruators' data was subsequently analysed separately to elucidate the unique experiences of this group. RESULTS A total of six themes were constructed from the data. Initial analysis determined three themes related to experiences of period pain and treatment uptake in both allistic and autistic menstruators. Social perception of menstruation was discussed, highlighting the normalisation of pain, the taboo nature, and gendered experience of menstruation, contributing to untreated menstrual pain. Issues within menstrual healthcare were also shared, including experiences of ineffective treatment, dismissive interactions, and insufficient menstrual education. Impaired functionality was repeatedly highlighted, with menstruators detailing significant limitations to their usual functioning due to menstrual pain and ineffective treatment. Three further themes were constructed from separate analysis of data from autistic menstruators. Autistic menstruators discussed the impact of menstruation on their sensory experiences and needs, with many identifying overstimulation during menstruation. Social exclusion was discussed as a factor contributing to the experience of menstrual pain and poor treatment uptake. The final theme identified pain communication differences between autistic and allistic menstruators resulting in reports of ineffective treatment and challenges in healthcare interactions. CONCLUSIONS Communication differences, sensory aspects, and social factors contributed to the experience of period pain and treatment uptake for autistic menstruators. The perception of menstruation within society was highlighted by allistic and autistic menstruators as influential to their pain experience and engagement with treatment. Functionality was significantly impacted by pain for this sample. The study highlights societal and healthcare factors that could be improved to ensure accessibility of support and treatment for menstrual issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Gray
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Hannah Durand
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland.
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Ghandour R, Hammoudeh W, Stigum H, Giacaman R, Fjeld H, Holmboe-Ottesen G. Menstrual characteristics and dysmenorrhea among Palestinian adolescent refugee camp dwellers in the West Bank and Jordan: a cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:47. [PMID: 36998019 PMCID: PMC10061948 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women and girls experience menstruation throughout their reproductive years. Normal adolescent menstrual cycles gauge current and future reproductive health. Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is the most prevalent menstrual disturbance in adolescents that can be debilitating. This study examines the menstrual characteristics of adolescent girls living in Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank of the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territory and Jordan, including estimates of dysmenorrhea levels and associated factors. METHODS A household survey of 15 to 18-year-old adolescent girls was conducted. Trained field workers collected data on general menstrual characteristics and dysmenorrhea level using Working ability, Location, Intensity, Days of pain Dysmenorrhea scale (WaLIDD), in addition to demographic, socio-economic, and health characteristics. The link between dysmenorrhea and other participant characteristics was assessed using a multiple linear regression model. Additionally, data on how adolescent girls cope with their menstrual pain was collected. RESULTS 2737 girls participated in the study. Mean age was 16.8 ± 1.1 years. Mean age-at-menarche was 13.1 ± 1.2; mean bleeding duration was 5.3 ± 1.5 days, and mean cycle length was 28.1 ± 6.2 days. Around 6% of participating girls reported heavy menstrual bleeding. High dysmenorrhea levels were reported (96%), with 41% reporting severe symptoms. Higher dysmenorrhea levels were associated with older age, earlier age-at-menarche, longer bleeding durations, heavier menstrual flow, skipping breakfast regularly, and limited physical activity patterns. Eighty nine percent used non-pharmacological approaches to ease menstrual pain and 25% used medications. CONCLUSION The study indicates regular menstrual patterns in terms of length, duration, and intensity of bleeding and a slightly higher age-at-menarche than the global average. However, an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among participants was found that tends to vary with different population characteristics, some of which are modifiable and can be targeted for better menstrual health.This research emphasizes the need for integrated efforts to assist adolescents with menstrual challenges such as dysmenorrhea and irregular periods to achieve informed recommendations and effective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Ghandour
- grid.22532.340000 0004 0575 2412Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Said Khoury Building for Development Studies, Birzeit, P.O.Box 14, occupied Palestinian territory
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weeam Hammoudeh
- grid.22532.340000 0004 0575 2412Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Said Khoury Building for Development Studies, Birzeit, P.O.Box 14, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Hein Stigum
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rita Giacaman
- grid.22532.340000 0004 0575 2412Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Said Khoury Building for Development Studies, Birzeit, P.O.Box 14, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Heidi Fjeld
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Li Y, Kang B, Zhao X, Cui X, Chen J, Wang L. Association between depression and dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls: multiple mediating effects of binge eating and sleep quality. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:140. [PMID: 36978063 PMCID: PMC10043526 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmenorrhea has a significant negative impact on teenagers' quality of life, and its prevalence is increasing annually. Although studies have explored the factors affecting dysmenorrhea, it remains unclear how these factors interact with one another. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of binge eating and sleep quality between depression and dysmenorrhea. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited adolescent girls from the Health Status Survey of adolescents in Jinan, Shandong Province, and used multistage stratified cluster random sampling. Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire between March 9, 2022, and June 20, 2022. The Numerical Rating Scale and Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale were used to assess dysmenorrhea and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depression. The mediation model was tested by Mplus 8.0, and the mediating effect was analyzed using the Product of Coefficients approach and the Bootstrap method. RESULTS Among the total of 7818 adolescent girls included in this study, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea is 60.5%. A significant positive association was found between dysmenorrhea and depression. Binge eating and sleep quality seemingly mediate this association. The mediating effect of sleep quality (21.31%) was greater than that of binge eating (6.18%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study point in the right direction for preventing and treating dysmenorrhea in adolescents. For adolescent dysmenorrhea, mental health should be considered and proactive steps taken for educating adolescents on healthy lifestyles to reduce negative consequences of dysmenorrhea. Longitudinal studies on the causal link and influence mechanisms between depression and dysmenorrhea should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Baixue Kang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xuena Cui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Kong X, Fang H, Li X, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Effects of auricular acupressure on dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1016222. [PMID: 36686444 PMCID: PMC9851274 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1016222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Auricular acupressure (AA) is widely used in treatment of dysmenorrhea, but the safety and efficacy of auricular acupressure on dysmenorrhoea are still lack of evidence-based basis. Objective The purpose of meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of auricular acupressure on dysmenorrhea. Data sources A systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CINAHL), Weipu (CQVIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, to retrieve studies published from the inception dates to June 10, 2022. Study selection Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of AA on dysmenorrhea were identified. Data extraction and synthesis The data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies were performed by two reviewers independently. Outcomes were abstracted to determine the effect measure by using mean differences (MD), standardized mean differences (SMD), or odds ratio (OR) from a random effects model. Main outcomes and measures Cure rate, total effective rate, and visual analogue scale (VAS) were described as primary outcomes; Short-form Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQs), symptom scores, serum nitric oxide (NO) level, and adverse events were recorded as secondary outcomes. Results Thirty-five RCTs involving 3960 participants were included in this study. Our findings indicated that, overall, AA was associated with a significant benefit in cured rate (OR = 1.95, 95%CI: [1.34, 2.83], P=0.0004, I2 = 75%), total effective rate (OR = 3.58, 95%CI: [2.92, 4.39], P<0.00001, I2 = 67%), VAS score (MD = -1.45, 95%CI: [-1.73, -1.17], P<0.00001, I2 = 67%), and symptom scores compared to the control group (SMD = -0.85, 95%CI: [-1.28, -0.43], P<0.0001, I2 = 91%). However, no difference in serum NO (SMD = 0.77, 95%CI: [-0.39, 1.92], P = 0.19, I2 = 89%) and MDQs (SMD = -0.58, 95%CI: [-1.26, 0.10], P = 0.10, I2 = 79%) was found between the two groups. Furthermore, subgroup analysis results indicated that AA showed significant superiorities in increasing cured rate and total effective rate, and reducing VAS score and symptom scores when compared to analgesics and non-intervention. Moreover, AA presented the same superiorities when used as an adjunctive strategy to other therapy. However, these benefits were not detected in AA used alone when compared to the therapies, including Chinese herbs, acupuncture, external application of Chineseherbal medicine, moxibustion, auricular needle, and health education. Conclusions Overall, AA, as a potential safety therapy, is effective for the management of dysmenorrhea, such as increasing cured rate, total effective rate, VAS, and symptom scores. Nevertheless, AA showed no significant improvement in serum NO and MDQs. It is furtherly found that AA used alone is superior to analgesics and non-intervention regarding cured rate, total effective rate, VAS, and symptom scores. Furthermore, the same superiorities are observed when AA serves as an adjunctive strategy to other therapy. However, AA alone has little effect on them compared to other therapies, and there is no definite conclusion on the benefits of AA compared to placebo for patients with dysmenorrhea. Rigorous RCTs with blind method and placebo control are warranted to confirm these findings. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022338524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Kong
- Jiande hospital of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Jiande hospital of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhang
- Jiande hospital of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Guo
- The 8th Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
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Fisher M. Foreword: Menstrual issues in adolescents - Part I: General concerns. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2022; 52:101182. [PMID: 35568669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fisher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Hempstead, New York.
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