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Sadr S, Ahmadi Simab P, Niazi M, Yousefsani Z, Lotfalizadeh N, Hajjafari A, Borji H. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on parasitic drug resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:435-451. [PMID: 38804866 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2360684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of antiparasitic drug resistance poses a concerning threat to animals and humans. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been widely used to treat infections in humans, pets, and livestock. Although this is an emerging field of study, the current review outlines possible mechanisms and examines potential synergism in combination therapies and the possible harmful effects of such an approach. AREAS COVERED The present study delved into the latest pre-clinical research on utilizing MSCs to treat parasitic infections. As per investigations, the introduction of MSCs to patients grappling with parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis, malaria, cystic echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis has shown a reduction in parasite prevalence. This intervention also alters the levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the combined administration of MSCs and antiparasitic drugs has demonstrated enhanced efficacy in combating parasites and modulating the immune response. EXPERT OPINION Mesenchymal stem cells are a potential solution for addressing parasitic drug resistance. This is mainly because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, which can potentially help combat parasites' resistance to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Sadr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Ahmadi Simab
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahta Niazi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefsani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Lotfalizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashkan Hajjafari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Hassan ZR, El-Sayed S, Zekry KM, Ahmed SG, Abd-Elhamid AH, Salama DEA, Taha AK, Mahmoud NA, Mohammed SF, Amin MM, Mohamed RE, Eraque AMS, Mohamed SA, Abdelgalil RM, Atta SA, Fahmy NT, Badr MS. Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:57. [PMID: 38105357 PMCID: PMC10725854 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is one of the global food-borne parasitic diseases that can cause severe tissue damage. The traditionally used drugs for the treatment of trichinellosis have limited efficacy against the encysted larvae in the muscular phase of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin against different phases of Trichinella in experimentally infected mice. A total of 120 male Swiss albino mice were divided into two major groups (n = 60 of each), intestinal and muscular phases. Then, each group was subdivided into 10 subgroups (n = 6); non-infected control, infected non-treated control, infected ivermectin treated, infected atorvastatin treated, infected mesenchymal stem cells treated, infected combined ivermectin and atorvastatin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and ivermectin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and a full dose of (ivermectin and atorvastatin) treated, and infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and half dose of (ivermectin and atorvastatin) treated. Mice were sacrificed at days 5 and 35 post-infection for the intestinal and muscular phases, respectively. The assessment was performed through many parameters, including counting the adult intestinal worms and muscular encysted larvae, besides histopathological examination of the underlying tissues. Moreover, a biochemical assay for the inflammatory and oxidative stress marker levels was conducted. In addition, levels of immunohistochemical CD31 and VEGF gene expression as markers of angiogenesis during the muscular phase were investigated. The combined mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin added to ivermectin showed the highest significant reduction in adult worms and encysted larvae counts, the most noticeable improvement of the histopathological changes, the most potent anti-inflammatory (lowest level of IL-17) and anti-angiogenic (lowest expression of CD31 and VEGF) activities, and also revealed the highly effective one to relieve the oxidative stress (lowest level of SOD, GSH, and lipid peroxidase enzymes). These observed outcomes indicate that adding mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin to ivermectin synergistically potentiates its therapeutic efficacy and provides a promising candidate against trichinellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab R Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt.
| | - Samar El-Sayed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Kareman M Zekry
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Samah Gouda Ahmed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Hassan Abd-Elhamid
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa E A Salama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Entertainment Area, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Azza Kamal Taha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Nihal A Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Fathy Mohammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elsayed Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Ayat M S Eraque
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Ranya M Abdelgalil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Yosief Abbas Street, Cairo, Kairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Attia Atta
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, 36VF+MJ2, Warraq Al Arab, El Warraq, Giza Governorate, 3863130, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Talaat Fahmy
- Genomics, Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), 3 Emtedad Ramses, Al Abbaseyah Al Gharbeyah, El Weili, Cairo Governorate, 4435102, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Badr
- Molecular Biology and Genetic-Bioinformatics Nano-Robot Diagnostics, Medical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street Abbasya, Cairo, Egypt
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Leone GE, Shields DC, Haque A, Banik NL. Rehabilitation: Neurogenic Bone Loss after Spinal Cord Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2581. [PMID: 37761022 PMCID: PMC10526516 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder which can severely limit one's ability to complete daily tasks due to the increased risk of bone fractures, reducing quality of life. Spinal cord injury (SCI) can also result in osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Most individuals experience sarcopenia and osteoporosis due to advancing age; however, individuals with SCI experience more rapid and debilitating levels of muscle and bone loss due to neurogenic factors, musculoskeletal disuse, and cellular/molecular events. Thus, preserving and maintaining bone mass after SCI is crucial to decreasing the risk of fragility and fracture in vulnerable SCI populations. Recent studies have provided an improved understanding of the pathophysiology and risk factors related to musculoskeletal loss after SCI. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have also provided for the reduction in or elimination of neurogenic bone loss after SCI. This review article will discuss the pathophysiology and risk factors of muscle and bone loss after SCI, including the mechanisms that may lead to muscle and bone loss after SCI. This review will also focus on current and future pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for reducing or eliminating neurogenic bone loss following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna E. Leone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Donald C. Shields
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Narendra L. Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Rayia DMA, Izzularab BM, Harras S, Ghafar MTA, Azzam AR, Harras H, Younis RL, Soliman S, Saad AE. Stem cell biotherapy: A new remedy for Trichinella spiralis-induced inflammatory myopathy. Parasitol Int 2023; 96:102773. [PMID: 37330041 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis)-induced myopathy is an inflammatory myopathy that is difficult to treat unless the parasite is combated in its early intestinal phase before it reaches the muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of local mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on T. spiralis-induced inflammatory myopathy in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (non-infected non-treated group); Group 2 (infected non-treated group); Group 3 (infected albendazole (ABZ)-treated group); and Group 4 (infected MSC-treated group). Their muscle status was assessed physiologically with the righting reflex and electromyography (EMG), parasitologically with the total muscle larval count, histopathologically with hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory's trichrome stains, as well as immunohistochemically for myogenin as a marker of muscle regeneration. Additionally, serum muscle enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as muscle matrix metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP9, were assayed. Finally, the immunological response was assessed by measuring the levels of the muscle inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Our findings revealed that MSC therapy markedly improved muscle EMG and righting reflex, as well as the histopathological appearance of the muscles, reduced inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and increased myogenin immunostaining. It also reduced serum CK and LDH levels, as well as muscle INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, MMP1, and MMP9 levels. However, it had no effect on the total muscle larval count. Accordingly, due to its anti-inflammatory properties and muscle-regenerative effect, MSC therapy could be a promising new remedy for T. spiralis-induced myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Moustafa Abou Rayia
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faulty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt; Medical Parasitology Subunit, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Jordan.
| | - Batoul M Izzularab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Samar Harras
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Ramadan Azzam
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Heba Harras
- Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Shaimaa Soliman
- Biostatistics and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ezzat Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faulty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt; Medical Parasitology Subunit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Iqbal M, Shams S, Rafiq H, Khan M, Khan S, Sadique Khattak U, Afridi SG, Bibi F, Abdulkareem AA, Naseer MI. Combinatorial Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and Benzimidazol Derivatives for the Reduction of Liver Fibrosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:306. [PMID: 37259449 PMCID: PMC9965641 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Liver fibrosis is currently one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Stem cells transplantation using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an alternative therapy which is used in the place of organ transplant, due to the incapacity of stem cells to endure oxidative stress in the damage site, thus affecting the healing process. The present study aimed to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs using combined therapy, along with the novel synthetic compounds of benzimidazol derivatives. (2) Methods: Eighteen compound series (benzimidazol derivatives) were screened against liver fibrosis using an in vitro CCl4-induced injury model on cultured hepatocytes. IC50 values were calculated on the bases of LDH assay and cell viability assay. (3) Results: Among the eighteen compounds, compounds (10), (14) and (18) were selected on the basis of IC50 value, and compound (10) was the most potent and had the lowest IC50 value in the LDH assay (8.399 ± 0.23 uM) and cell viability assay (4.73 ± 0.37 uM). Next, these compounds were combined with MSCs using an in vitro hepatocytes injury culture and in vivo rat fibrotic model. The effect of the MSCs + compounds treatment on injured hepatocytes was evaluated using LDH assay, cell viability assay, GSH assay and real-time PCR analysis and immuno-staining for caspase-3. Significant reductions in LDH level, caspase-3 and apoptotic marker genes were noted in MSCs + compounds-treated injured hepatocytes. In vivo data also showed the increased homing of the MSCs, along with compounds after transplantation. Real-time PCR analysis and TUNEL assay results also support our study. (4) Conclusions: It was concluded that compounds (10), (14) and (18) can be used in combination with MSCs to reduce liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Huma Rafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Umer Sadique Khattak
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sahib Gul Afridi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fehmida Bibi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angham Abdulrhman Abdulkareem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kian M, Mirzavand S, Sharifzadeh S, Kalantari T, Ashrafmansouri M, Nasri F. Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy in Parasitic Infections: Are Anti-parasitic Drugs Combined with MSCs More Effective? Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1487-1499. [DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Abo-Aziza FAM, Zaki AKA, Adel RM, Fotouh A. Amelioration of aflatoxin acute hepatitis rat model by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their hepatogenic differentiation. Vet World 2022; 15:1347-1364. [PMID: 35765490 PMCID: PMC9210847 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1347-1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation and their hepatogenic differentiated cells (HDCs) can be applied for liver injury repair by tissue grafting. Regenerative potentiality in liver cirrhosis models was widely investigated; however, immunomodulation and anti-inflammation in acute hepatitis remain unexplored. This study aimed to explore the immunomodulatory and evaluate twice intravenous (IV) or intrahepatic (IH) administration of either BM-MSCs or middle-stage HDCs on aflatoxin (AF) acute hepatitis rat model. Materials and Methods: BM-MSCs viability, phenotypes, and proliferation were evaluated. Hepatogenic differentiation, albumin, and mmmmmmmm-fetoprotein gene expression were assessed. AF acute hepatitis was induced in rats using AFB1 supplementation. The transplantation of BM-MSCs or their HDCs was done either by IV or IH route. Hepatic ultrasound was performed after 3-weeks of therapy. Cytokines profile (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-4, and IL-10) was assessed. Hepatic bio-indices, serum, and hepatic antioxidant activity were evaluated, besides examining liver histological sections. Results: Acute AFB1 showed a significant increase in TNF-α (p<0.01), liver enzyme activities (p<0.05), as well as decrease in IL-4, IL-10, and antioxidant enzyme activities (p<0.05). Cytokines profile was ameliorated in groups treated with IV and IH BM-MCs, showed a negative correlation between IL-4 and TNF-α (p<0.05), and a positive correlation between IL-10 upregulation and TNF-α (p<0.01). In IV HDCs treated group, positive correlations between IL-4 and IL-10 downregulation and TNF-α were observed. However, in IH HDCs group, a significant positive correlation between IL-4 and IL-10 upregulation and TNF-α, were recorded (p<0.05). In addition, IV BM-MSCs and IH HDCs treatments significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activity (p<0.05). IV and IH BM-MSCs significantly ameliorated liver transaminase levels, whereas IH HDCs significantly ameliorated alanine aminotransferase activity and nitric oxide concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration routes of BM-MSCs did not demonstrate any significant difference; however, the IH route of HDCs showed significant amelioration from the IV route. On the other hand, it showed noticeable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory improvements in aflatoxicosis rats. Therefore, it can be concluded that acute hepatitis can be treated by a noninvasive IV route without the expense of hepatogenic differentiation. Further research using clinical trials that address several problems regarding engraftment and potentiation are needed to determine the optimal manipulation strategy as well as to achieve better long term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A. M. Abo-Aziza
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Kader A. Zaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fotouh
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, Egypt
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Keshtkar S, Kaviani M, Soleimanian S, Azarpira N, Asvar Z, Pakbaz S. Stem Cell-Derived Exosome as Potential Therapeutics for Microbial Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:786111. [PMID: 35237239 PMCID: PMC8882917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.786111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as the smallest extracellular vesicles that carry a cargo of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and mediate intercellular communication, have attracted much attention in diagnosis and treatment in the field of medicine. The contents of exosomes vary depending on the cell type and physiological conditions. Among exosomes derived from several cell types, stem cell-derived exosomes (stem cell-Exo) are increasingly being explored due to their immunomodulatory properties, regenerative capacity, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial functions. Administration of stem cell-Exo, as a cell-free therapy for various diseases, has gained great promise. Indeed, the advantages of exosomes secreted from stem cells outweigh those of their parent cells owing to their small size, high stability, less immunogenicity, no risk of tumorigenesis, and easier condition for storage. Recently, the use of stem cell-Exo has been proposed in the field of microbial diseases. Pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can cause various diseases in humans with acute and chronic complications, sometimes resulting in mortality. On the other hand, treatments based on antibiotics and other chemical compounds have many side effects and the strains become resistant to drugs in some cases. Hence, this review aimed to highlight the effect of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles including stem cell-Exo on microbial diseases. Although most published studies are preclinical, the avenue of clinical application of stem cell-Exo is under way to reach clinical applications. The challenges ahead of this cell-free treatment that might be applied as a therapeutic alternative to stem cells for translation from bench to bed were emphasized, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Keshtkar
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kaviani
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeede Soleimanian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asvar
- Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lorthongpanich C, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Supakun P, Klaewkla M, Kheolamai P, Issaragrisil S. Fisetin Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Inhibition of YAP. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060879. [PMID: 34070903 PMCID: PMC8226865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewal and capable of differentiating to various functional cell types, including osteocytes, adipocytes, myoblasts, and chondrocytes. They are, therefore, regarded as a potential source for stem cell therapy. Fisetin is a bioactive flavonoid known as an active antioxidant molecule that has been reported to inhibit cell growth in various cell types. Fisetin was shown to play a role in regulating osteogenic differentiation in animal-derived MSCs; however, its molecular mechanism is not well understood. We, therefore, studied the effect of fisetin on the biological properties of human MSCs derived from chorion tissue and its role in human osteogenesis using MSCs and osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) as a model. We found that fisetin inhibited proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs as well as human SaOs-2 cells. Fisetin could reduce Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity, which results in downregulation of osteogenic genes and upregulation of fibroblast genes. Further analysis using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggests that fisetin occupied the hydrophobic TEAD pocket preventing YAP from associating with TEA domain (TEAD). This finding supports the potential application of flavonoids like fisetin as a protein–protein interaction disruptor and also suggesting an implication of fisetin in regulating human osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchao Lorthongpanich
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Prapasri Supakun
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 10120, Thailand;
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.I.)
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Progress of Interference of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cirrhosis Treated with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5569274. [PMID: 34055009 PMCID: PMC8131131 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5569274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells has attracted more and more attention as a regenerative therapy for the treatment of liver diseases. A large number of studies have shown that this kind of cells can inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells and regulate tissue homeostasis and immune system via a variety of ways. Meanwhile, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit apoptosis of hepatocyte, improve liver function, and reduce inflammation through multiple pathways. These cells have a broad prospect in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. At present, there are many studies on the specific mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, discusses the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine method in enhancing the efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation, and looks forward to its application prospect in the future.
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Potency of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Indomethacin in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats: Roles of TNF- α, IL-10, iNOS, MMP-9, and TGF- β1. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6665601. [PMID: 33884000 PMCID: PMC8041526 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6665601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune syndrome affecting joint spaces, leading to the disabled state. Currently, there is no optimal therapy for RA except for systemic immunosuppressants that have variable undesirable effects after long-term use. Hence, the need for other treatment modalities has emerged in an attempt to develop a treating agent that is effective but without bad effects. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) may be an alternative medicine since they may differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues including bone and cartilage. Indomethacin (IMC) could be suggested as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antirheumatic potential agent against the course of RA since it possesses significant palliative effects and antipyretic properties. Therefore, our target of this study was to explore and compare the effect of BM-MSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat at the 1st, 6th, 12th, and 18th days) and IMC (2 mg/kg b.w./day for 3 weeks) either alone or in combination on arthritic rats. The model of rheumatoid arthritis in rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mL/rat CFA into the footpad of the right hind paw. The BM-MSC intravenous injection and IMC oral administration significantly reduced the elevated right hind leg paw diameter and circumference, serum anti-CCP, and ankle joint articular tissue expressions of TNF-α, iNOS, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 while they significantly increased the lowered articular IL-10 expression in CFA-induced arthritic rats. The combinatory effect of the two treatments was the most potent. In conclusion, the treatment of RA with BM-MSCs and IMC together is more effective than the treatment with either BM-MSCs or IMC. The Th1 cytokine (TNF-α), Th2 cytokine (IL-10), iNOS, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 are important targets for mediating the antiarthritic effects of BM-MSCs and IMC in CFA-induced arthritis in rats.
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Abo-Aziza FAM, Zaki AKA, Alajaji AI, Al Barrak SM. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell co-adjuvant therapy with albendazole for managing Toxocara vitulorum-rat model. Vet World 2021; 14:347-363. [PMID: 33776300 PMCID: PMC7994112 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.347-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Toxocara vitulorum is a bovine intestinal nematode. Immune pictures following infection are conflicting and stopping anthelmintic albendazole treatment recording reversed liver abnormalities. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) therapy, subsequent to albendazole administration in rats infected with T. vitulorum. Materials and Methods: The ultrasonographic and histopathological examinations as well as serum liver enzymes activity and the kinetics of recovery were investigated. The correlation of cell-mediated and humoral immune pictures was assessed by assaying immunoglobulins, splenocytes viability, phagocytic index, and Th1/Th2 cytokines. Results: The cultured BMMSCs counting were 4.21×104 cells/cm2 with 96.03% viability. Flow-cytometric analysis indicated positive CD90 (82%), CD105 (79%) and negative CD34 (0.37%), CD45 (0.42%), attesting to the suitability of the isolated BMMSCs for use in therapy. Transplantation of BMMSCs after albendazole administration significantly reduced the release of liver enzymes (p<0.05) indicating liver cellularity improvement. The ultrasonographic, macroscopic, and histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical results. Significant elevation in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (INF)-γ with a decline in interleukin (IL)-4 was observed in the untreated model (p<0.05). However, albendazole treatment followed by BMMSCs therapy significantly lowered the release of TNF-α and INF-γ, associated with significant production of IL-4 and IL-10 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The final results indicated that the liver functions, histopathological findings, and immune parameters were aggravated after experimental T. vitulorum infection. Albendazole treatment followed by BMMSCs therapy was found to assist in regeneration of injured hepatic tissue. Besides, it appeared to modulate host defensive immune responses against T. vitulorum antigens. This work could define more clearly the events that manipulate the host immune, histopathological, and biochemical responses to minimize obstacles in using stem cell therapy in animal toxocariosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A M Abo-Aziza
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Kader A Zaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Alajaji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh M Al Barrak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Zaki AKA, Almundarij TI, Abo-Aziza FAM. Comparative characterization and osteogenic / adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from male rat hair follicles and bone marrow. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 9:13. [PMID: 32778979 PMCID: PMC7417469 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of cell therapy and tissue regeneration under different conditions need a multiplicity of adult stem cell sources. Up to date, little is available on the comparative isolation, characterization, proliferation, rapid amplification, and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from living bulge cells of the hair follicle (HF) and bone marrow (BM) from the same animal. This work hopes to use HF-MSCs as an additional adult stem cell source for research and application. After reaching 80% confluence, the cell counting, viability %, and yields of HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs were nearly similar. The viability % was 91.41 ± 2.98 and 93.11 ± 3.06 while the cells yield of initial seeding was 33.15 ± 2.76 and 34.22 ± 3.99 and of second passage was 28.76 ± 1.01 and 29.56 ± 3.11 for HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs respectively. Clusters of differentiation (CDs) analysis revealed that HF-MSCs were positively expressed CD34, CD73 and CD200 and negatively expressed CD45. BM-MSCs were positively expressed CD73 and CD200 and negatively expressed of CD34 and CD45. The proliferation of HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs was determined by means of incorporation of Brd-U, population doubling time (PDT) assays and the quantity of formazan release. The percentage of Brd-U positive cells and PDT were relatively similar in both types of cells. The proliferation, as expressed by the quantity of formazan assay in confluent cells, revealed that the quantity of release by BM-MSCs was slightly higher than HF-MSCs. Adipogenic differentiated BM-MSCs showed moderate accumulation of oil red-O stained lipid droplets when compared to that of HF-MSCs which exhibited high stain. The total lipid concentration was significantly higher in adipogenic differentiated HF-MSCs than BM-MSCs (P < 0.05). It was found that activity of bone alkaline phosphatase and calcium concentration were significantly higher (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively) in osteogenic differentiated BM-MSCs than that of HF-MSCs. The present findings demonstrate that the HF-MSCs are very similar in most tested characteristics to BM-MSCs with the exception of differentiation. Additionally; no issues have been reported during the collection of HF-MSCs. Therefore, the HF may represent a suitable and accessible source for adult stem cells and can be considered an ideal cell source for adipogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Kader A Zaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Tariq I Almundarij
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten A M Abo-Aziza
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Lou
- The Chinese Society for Cell Biology, Shanghai, China.
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