1
|
Jiang D, Wu D, Zhou G, Dai Y, Yang J, Jin Y, Fu Q, Ke Y, Liang X. An in-depth investigation of supercritical fluid chromatography retention mechanisms by evaluation of a series of specially designed alkylsiloxane-bonded stationary phases based on linear solvation energy relationship. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1690:463781. [PMID: 36638687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental research on supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has gained considerable interest, with many studies focusing on its retention mechanism based on the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model. In this paper, a series of alkylsiloxane-bonded stationary phases were specifically designed and synthesized, then evaluated using the mobile phase composed of CO2 with 10% (v/v) methanol. The study demonstrated the close relationship between the interactions (manner and magnitude) of stationary phases and the C-chain length, bonding density and the endcapping treatment. All C8 phases provide positive e, v and negative s, whose magnitude was regularly affected by bonding density. It was worth mentioning the non-endcapped C8 phases could provide H-bonding (positive a and b) by reducing the bonding density of the alkyl chain. Once it was endcapped, the interaction manner did not vary with bonding density adjustment. The non-endcapped C4 phases with higher bonding density could establish additional dispersion interaction (positive v). It can be seen that two synthesis strategies, 1) non-endcapped, long C-chain (C8) combined with low bonding density, and 2) non-endcapped, short C-chain (C4) combined with high bonding density, can obtain the alkylsiloxane-bonded stationary phases (C8-1 and C4-3) to provide both polar and dispersion interactions, showing different separation selectivity. Furthermore, the LSER model with ionic terms was applied to evaluate partial C8 columns, and its rationality was verified. The non-endcapped C8 showed great d+ values, which originated from the silanol groups. C8SCX also possessed a great d+ value due to the benzenesulfonic acid groups. A remarkable result showed that C8SAX exhibited prominent d- and d+ values simultaneously due to the combined effect of silanol and quaternary ammonium groups, which indicates the unique selectivity when separating ionic compounds. This study provides in-depth insights into the retention mechanism of alkylsiloxane-bonded stationary phases in SFC, as well as a reference for the design of SFC stationary phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasen Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Di Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guanghao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yingping Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Key Lab of Natural Medicine, Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gros Q, Wolniaczyk M, Duval J, West C, Horie S, Toyota Y, Funada Y, Lesellier E. Comparison of the triglyceride composition of vegetable samples with ultra-high efficiency / low-pressure supercritical fluid chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
LI J, CAO L, FANG F, SHI H, HUANG Q, TAN L, DUAN Q, FENG Y. [Rapid determination of 10 fat-soluble vitamins in health foods by ultra performance convergence chromatography]. Se Pu 2022; 40:1136-1142. [PMID: 36450354 PMCID: PMC9727746 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins are important efficacy indicators in health foods because they are essential for human physiological functions. The existing method for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble vitamins has various problems, such as limited determination components, complex sample, pretreatment process, and high requirements for personnel operating ability. Therefore, establishing a fast, simple, and accurate method that can detect various common fat-soluble vitamins at the same time is necessary. In this study, a method for the simultaneous determination of 10 commonly used fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A acetate (VA acetate), vitamin A palmitate (VA palmitate), vitamin E acetate (VE acetate), vitamin K1 (VK1), α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, vitamin D2(VD2) and vitamin D3 (VD3) in health foods was established by ultra performance convergence chromatography (UPC2). First, the contents of about 1.0 g of capsule samples were accurately weighed. A grinder was used to grind tablet samples into powder. The powder mixture was then precisely weighed at 2.0 g. Both substances were placed in 50 mL brown stopper tubes. The test tube was then filled with 20 mL 75% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) aqueous solution for demulsification. The tubes were then sonicated before being extracted with n-hexane. The centrifuged supernatant was added to vials for detection. Viridis HSS C18 SB column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8 μm) was applied and CO2 was used as the mobile phase A. After comparing the influence of acetonitrile, methanol, and their mixture on chromatographic peak separation, acetonitrile-methanol (85∶15, v/v) was used as the mobile phase B. The injection volume was 1 μL. Using simulator software, the optimal chromatographic conditions were obtained after a set of three-factor orthogonal experiments of flow rate, gradient slope, and column temperature. The flow rate and column temperature were both set at 1.9 mL/min and 30 ℃. Furthermore, the maximum absorption wavelength of these 10 fat-soluble vitamins was selected for detection. Ten vitamins were baseline separated after 7 min of gradient elution. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of capsule samples were 0.4-60 μg/g and 2-150 μg/g, respectively, whereas the results for tablet samples were 0.2-30 μg/g and 0.8-75 μg/g. The linear ranges of the 10 fat-soluble vitamins were 0.1-100 μg/mL. The recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 96.5% to 113.9%, with RSD values less than 4%. Precision, stability, and repeatability RSD values were all less than 2%. By comparison, the determination results of this method were basically consistent with the existing national food safety standards. This method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate, and it can meet the detection requirements of the 10 fat-soluble vitamins in health foods. Simultaneously, this method lays the foundation for the rapid and simultaneous detection of fat-soluble vitamins in existing health foods.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gazárková T, Plachká K, Svec F, Nováková L. Current state of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
5
|
Parr MK, Botrè F. Supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry as an emerging technique in doping control analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
6
|
Ganzera M, Zwerger M. Analysis of natural products by SFC – Applications from 2015 to 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
7
|
Toribio L, Bernal J, Martín MT, Ares AM. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: A valuable tool in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
8
|
Mota MFS, Waktola HD, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. Gas chromatography ‒ mass spectrometry for characterisation, assessment of quality and authentication of seed and vegetable oils. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
9
|
Analysis of free amino acids with unified chromatography-mass spectrometry—application to food supplements. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1616:460772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
10
|
Duval J, Colas C, Bonnet P, Lesellier E. Hyphenation of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation high resolution mass spectrometry: Part 2. Study of chromatographic and mass spectrometry parameters for the analysis of natural non-polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
11
|
Design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of alkylsiloxane-bonded stationary phases for expanded supercritical fluid chromatography separations. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Khalikova MA, Lesellier E, Chapuzet E, Šatínský D, West C. Development and validation of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method for quantitative determination of nine sunscreens in cosmetic samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1034:184-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
13
|
Current trends in supercritical fluid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6441-6457. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
14
|
Huang Y, Tang G, Zhang T, Fillet M, Crommen J, Jiang Z. Supercritical fluid chromatography in traditional Chinese medicine analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:65-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
15
|
Interest of achiral-achiral tandem columns for impurity profiling of synthetic drugs with supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1534:161-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
16
|
Tyśkiewicz K, Dębczak A, Gieysztor R, Szymczak T, Rój E. Determination of fat- and water-soluble vitamins by supercritical fluid chromatography: A review. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:336-350. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębczak
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Roman Gieysztor
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Tomasz Szymczak
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Edward Rój
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Duval J, Colas C, Pecher V, Poujol M, Tranchant JF, Lesellier E. Hyphenation of ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation high resolution mass spectrometry: Part 1. Study of the coupling parameters for the analysis of natural non-polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1509:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Optimized selection of liquid chromatography conditions for wide range analysis of natural compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1504:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
19
|
Donato P, Inferrera V, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Supercritical fluid chromatography for lipid analysis in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:361-382. [PMID: 27696781 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The task of lipid analysis has always challenged separation scientists, and new techniques in chromatography were often developed for the separation of lipids; however, no single technique or methodology is yet capable of affording a comprehensive screening of all lipid species and classes. This review acquaints the role of supercritical fluid chromatography within the field of lipid analysis, from the early developed capillary separations based on pure CO2 , to the most recent techniques employing packed columns under subcritical conditions, including the niche multidimensional techniques using supercritical fluids in at least one of the separation dimensions. A short history of supercritical fluid chromatography will be introduced first, from its early popularity in the late 1980s, to the sudden fall and oblivion until the last decade, experiencing a regain of interest within the chromatographic community. Afterwards, the subject of lipid nomenclature and classification will be briefly dealt with, before discussing the main applications of supercritical fluid chromatography for food analysis, according to the specific class of lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Veronica Inferrera
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|